75 research outputs found
Mixed-mode resins: taking shortcut in downstream processing of raw-starch digesting Ī±-amylases
Bacillus licheniformis 9945a Ī±-amylase (BliAmy) has been described as potent enzyme for raw starch hydrolysis. Starch represents an inexpensive source for production of glucose, maltose syrups and fructose which are widely used in food industries. Regarding energy costs, effective utilization of natural resources and viscosity problems, direct hydrolysis of raw starch below the gelatinization temperature by using raw-starch-digesting enzymes, such as Ī±-amylase is desirable. In spite of the extensive studies concerning the structure and thermal properties of B. licheniformis amylase and the numerous reports in the literature referring to the molecular mechanism of irreversible thermoinactivation, little attention has been paid to its enzymological characterisation. Detailed knowledge about subsite architecture of B. licheniformis amylase is scarce. No report on kinetics and mode of action of this industrially important enzyme can be found in the literature especially when raw starch is used as a substrate. For mechanistic studies enzyme preparations of high purity are required and improving downstream processing is very beneficial. BliAmy was produced using optimized fed-batch approach in defined media and significant overexpression of 1.2 g L-1 was achieved. These amylases have exposed tyrosine and tryptophan residues as part of their surface binding sites. Mixed mode Nuvia cPrimeā¢ resin is tested as improvement
of the downstream processing of raw starch digesting amylases aiming at exploiting hydrophobic patches at their surface. This resin combines hydrophobic interactions with cation exchange groups. Presence of salt facilitates hydrophobic interactions while ionexchange groups enable proper selectivity. Surface response methodology was used to optimize binding and eluting conditions of BliAmy. This single step procedure enables simultaneous concentration, pigments removal and purification of amylase with a yield of 96% directly from fermentation broth
Mixed-mode resins: taking shortcut in downstream processing of raw-starch digesting Ī±-amylases
Bacillus licheniformis 9945a Ī±-amylase (BliAmy) has been described as potent enzyme for raw starch hydrolysis. Starch represents an inexpensive source for production of glucose, maltose syrups and fructose which are widely used in food industries. Regarding energy costs, effective utilization of natural resources and viscosity problems, direct hydrolysis of raw starch below the gelatinization temperature by using raw-starch-digesting enzymes, such as Ī±-amylase is desirable. In spite of the extensive studies concerning the structure and thermal properties of B. licheniformis amylase and the numerous reports in the literature referring to the molecular mechanism of irreversible thermoinactivation, little attention has been paid to its enzymological characterisation. Detailed knowledge about subsite architecture of B. licheniformis amylase is scarce. No report on kinetics and mode of action of this industrially important enzyme can be found in the literature especially when raw starch is used as a substrate. For mechanistic studies enzyme preparations of high purity are required and improving downstream processing is very beneficial. BliAmy was produced using optimized fed-batch approach in defined media and significant overexpression of 1.2 g L-1 was achieved. These amylases have exposed tyrosine and tryptophan residues as part of their surface binding sites. Mixed mode Nuvia cPrimeā¢ resin is tested as improvement
of the downstream processing of raw starch digesting amylases aiming at exploiting hydrophobic patches at their surface. This resin combines hydrophobic interactions with cation exchange groups. Presence of salt facilitates hydrophobic interactions while ionexchange groups enable proper selectivity. Surface response methodology was used to optimize binding and eluting conditions of BliAmy. This single step procedure enables simultaneous concentration, pigments removal and purification of amylase with a yield of 96% directly from fermentation broth
Efficiency of ultrasonic Vertex III hypsometer compared to the most commonly used hypsometers in Croatian forestry
The article investigates the efficiency of the ultrasonic Vertex hypsometer in tree height measurements in relation to some of the most commonly used hypsometers in Croatian forestry. The whole measurement process consists of three steps: time needed to reach the measurement zone, time needed to determine the distance to a tree, and time needed to measure and read the height of a tree. Measurements were conducted with four hypsometers: Vertex, Blume-Leiss, Bitterlich\u27s Spiegel Relaskop with a standard scale (RO) and Bitterlich\u27s Spiegel Relaskop with a CP scale (with the horizontally /RCPH/ or vertically /RCPV/ positioned staff). Research results do not show any statistically important differences among the hypsometers in terms of time needed to reach the measurement zone. In measuring tree heights in a stricter sense (without the element of reaching the measurement zone), the least amount of time was required by the Vertex (28.4 cmin) on average. The Vertex is followed by the relaskop with a CP scale, the horizontally (57.4 cmin) or vertically positioned staff (86.1 cmin), then the Blume-Leiss (84.0 cmin) and finally the relaskop with a standard scale (106.8 cmin). The differences between the Vertex and other hypsometers are statistically significant. Despite a slightly higher price of the Vertex, its speed, precision, accuracy and simplicity of use, as well as the possibility of simple circular plot forest inventories rank it above all the other instruments
Supplementary data for article: LonÄar, N.; SlaviÄ, M. Å .; VujÄiÄ, Z.; BožiÄ, N. Mixed-Mode Resins: Taking Shortcut in Downstream Processing of Raw-Starch Digesting Ī±-Amylases. Scientific Reports 2015, 5. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep15772
Supplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.1038/srep15772]Related to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1985
Mixed-mode resins: taking shortcut in downstream processing of raw-starch digesting alpha-amylases
Bacillus licheniformis 9945a alpha-amylase is known as a potent enzyme for raw starch hydrolysis. In this paper, a mixed mode Nuvia cPrime (TM) resin is examined with the aim to improve the downstream processing of raw starch digesting amylases and exploit the hydrophobic patches on their surface. This resin combines hydrophobic interactions with cation exchange groups and as such the presence of salt facilitates hydrophobic interactions while the ion-exchange groups enable proper selectivity. alpha-Amylase was produced using an optimized fed-batch approach in a defined media and significant overexpression of 1.2 g L-1 was achieved. This single step procedure enables simultaneous concentration, pigment removal as well as purification of amylase with yields of 96% directly from the fermentation broth.Supplementary material: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3384
Osetljivost Chenopodium album i Abutilon theophrasti na mezotrion u zavisnosti od fenofaze razvoja
Growth stage of weeds can significantly affect the level of control at the moment of herbicide application. Maturation of plants usually lead to decreased sensitivity of plants. The aim of this research was to determine whether growth stage of weed species can affect the sensitivity of Chenopodium album and Abutilon theophrasti to mesotrione at the moment of application. Seeds of these species were sown in 5 days interval to ensure that at the moment of herbicide application Ch. album would be in stages of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 leaves and A. theophrasti in stages of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 leaves. When plants reached this stages herbicide Skaut (mesotrione 480 g/l) was applied in recommended dose rate 0.25 l/ha in tank-mix with adjuvant Alteox wet 40 (mineral oil (500 g/l) and polyoxyethylene alcohol (500 g/l)) in the dose rate 1 l/ha. The results showed that growth stage at the moment of application of mesotrione can significantly affects the sensitivity of both species to herbicide. The application of herbicides in the early growth stages (A. theophrasti - 1 leaf, Ch. Album - 2 and 4 leaves) resulted in total control of plants. With further maturation, sensitivity has decreased, in terms that the lowest effect was noted with A. theophrasti in growth stage of 5 leaves and Ch. album in growth stage of 10 leaves.Fenofaza razvoja korovskih biljaka u momentu primene herbicida može znaÄajno uticati na njihovu osetljivost. Sa starenjem biljke najÄeÅ”Äe dolazi do smanjenja osetljivosti biljaka. Obavljena su istraživanja kako bi se utvrdilo da li fenofaza razvoja biljaka u momentu primene mezotriona utiÄe na osetljivost Chenopodium album i Abutilon theophrasti. Setva semena ovih vrsta je obavljena u razmacima od po 5 dana kako bi se obezbedilo da u momentu primene herbicida biljke Ch. album budu u fazi 2, 4, 6, 8 i 10 listova, odnosno A. theophrasti u fazi 1, 2, 3, 4 i 5 listova. Kada su biljke dostigle navedene fenofaze razvoja primenjen je preparat Skaut (mezotrion 480 g/l) u koliÄini primene 0,25 l/ha, kome je dodat aÄuvant Alteox wet 40 (mineralno ulje (500 g/l) + polioksi alkohol (500 g/l)) u koliÄini 1 l/ha. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da fenofaza razvoja u vreme primene mezotriona znaÄajno utiÄe na osetljivost obe ispitivane vrste. Primena herbicida u najranijim fazama razvoja (A. theophrasti - 1 list; Ch. album - 2 i 4 lista) dovela je do potpunog propadanja biljaka. Sa daljim starenjem biljaka osetljivost se smanjivala, tako da je najslabiji efekat utvrÄen kod biljaka A. theophrasti u fenofazi 5 listova, a kod biljaka Ch. album u fenofazi 10 listova
DOPRINOS RAZVIJENOSTI MOTORIÄKIH SPOSOBNOSTI KOD SAVLADAVANJA SKIJAÅ KE TEHNIKE
Ovim istraživanjem utvrÄen je uticaj motoriÄkih sposobnosti na proces uÄenja alpskog skijanja. TakoÄe, cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi uticaj odreÄenih morfoloÅ”kih karakteristika na savladavanje skijaÅ”kih znanja. Na poÄetku istraživanja ispitanici su bili testirani pomoÄu testova za procjenu: ravnoteže, agilnosti, eksplozivne i statiÄke snage, frekvencije pokreta, te fleksibilnosti. Nakon procjene motoriÄkih sposobnosti, ispitanicima su utvrÄene osnovne morfoloÅ”ke karateristike, te su pristupili Å”koli alpskog skijanja u trajanju od sedam dana. Po zavrÅ”etku uÄenja alpskog skijanja svi ispitanici demonstrirali su sedam elemenata skijaÅ”ke tehnike ispred pet nezavisnih ispitivaÄa. Analiza rezultata pokazala je kako agilnost pozitivno utiÄe pri uÄenju svih ispitanih elemenata skijaÅ”ke tehnike (kosi spust, Ī² = 0,38; Ī² = 0,26; zavoj ka padini, Ī² = 0,33; Ī² = 0,23; osnovni zavoj, Ī² = 0,18; paralelni zavoj, Ī² = 0,32; vijuganje, Ī² = 0,34). Rezultati ispitanika u testu izdržaj u ÄuÄnju kojim se procjenjuje statiÄka snaga nogu pozitivno utiÄe kod uÄenja zavoja ka padini (Ī² = 0,19), osnovnog zavoja (Ī² = 0,35), te paralelnog zavoja (Ī² = 0,27). Test za procjenu ravnoteže (ravnotežni položaj lijeve noge uzdužno) znaÄajno utiÄe pri uÄenju osnovnih elemenata skijaÅ”ke tehnike (kosi spust u desnu stranu, Ī² = 0,23; kosi spust u lijevu stranu, Ī² = 0,28; zavoj ka padini u lijevu stranu, Ī² = 0,24). Tjelesna visina skijaÅ”a poÄetnika negativno utiÄe na efikasnost usvajanja skijaÅ”kih znanja (Ī² = -0,5), Å”to znaÄi da Äe viÅ”im skijaÅ”ima biti teže usvajati skijaÅ”ka znanja u odnosu na niže skijaÅ”e. S obzirom na rezultate ovog istraživanja moguÄe je istaknuti agilnost, statiÄku snagu, te ravnotežu kao one motoriÄke sposobnosti koje najviÅ”e doprinose skijaÅ”kim poÄetnicima prilikom uÄenja skijaÅ”ke tehnike
Supplementary data for the article: Loncar, N.; Bozic, N.; Vujcic, Z. Expression and Characterization of a Thermostable Organic Solvent-Tolerant Laccase from Bacillus Licheniformis ATCC 9945a. J. Mol. Catal. B-Enzym. 2016, 134, 390ā395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcatb.2016.06.005
Supplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcatb.2016.06.005]Related to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2375]Related to accepted version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3517
Uporedna analiza izoformi Ī±-amilaze iz srednjeg creva larvi Cerambyx cerdo L. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) iz prirode i gajenih na veÅ”taÄkoj podlozi
alpha-Amylase isoforms of Cerambyx cerdo larvae from the wild (ML and SL) and reared in the laboratory (ADL) were compared. Three amylase isoforms were presented in the SL and ML extracts while two isoforms were presented in the ADL according to zymogram after isoelectric focusing (IEF). All C. cerdo amylase isoforms were acidic proteins (pI lt 3.5). Seven amylase isoforms (ACC 1-7) from the midgut of C. cerdo larvae were found in the ML midgut extract, six in the SL extract, and four in the ADL extract according to native PAGE zymogram. The ADL amylase had the highest activity. All crude midgut extracts of C. cerdo larvae were fractionated on a Superose 12 HR column. The molecular mass of the ACC was estimated to be 34 kDa.UporeÄene su izoforme Ī±-amilaze larvi Cerambyx cerdo sakupljenih iz prirode (ML i SL) i gajenih na veÅ”taÄkoj podlozi u laboratoriji (ADL). Zimogramskom detekcijom posle IEF-a po tri izoforme su detektovane u ML i SL ekstraktima, a u ADL dve izoforme. Sve amilazne izoforme iz C. cerdo su bile kisele (pI lt 3.5). Zimogramskom detekcijom posle nativne elektroforeze sedam izoformi je detektovano u ML ekstraktu, Å”est u SL ekstraktu i Äetiri u ADL ekstraktu. NajveÄa amilazna aktivnost je detektovana u ADL ekstraktu. Svi ekstrakti srednjih creva larvi C. cerdo su frakcionisani na koloni Superose 12 HR. Molekulska masa ACC-a je bila 34 kDa
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