Rezultati post mortem analize koncentracije alkohola u krvi u Srbiji tokom 2011 godine

The prevalence of alcohol in blood samples from medicolegal autopsies performed in the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Belgrade, in 2011, was studied. In total, 293 blood samples were analyzed for alcohol by headspace gas chromatography. The blood alcohol concentrations were evaluated according to sex, age, and cause of death. The blood alcohol concentrations were . 0.5 g/L in 23.9% of the cases; in suicides 22.4%, accidents 34.4% and homicides 25.0%. The largest proportion of high BACs were found in the sample from subjects killed in traffic accidents. These findings confirm that alcohol use is an important factor in many fatal accidents, suicides and cases of violent death.U ovom radu su razmatrani rezultati post mortem koncentracije alkohola (BAC) u 293 uzorka krvi dobijena na osnovu sudsko-medicinskih autopsija sprovedenih na Institutu za sudsku medicinu u Beogradu tokom 2011. godine. Gasna hromatografija sa headspace tehnikom (HS GH) se koristi kao rutinska i referentna metoda za određivanje alkohola. Podaci su analizirani prema godištu i polu žrtve u trenutku smrti i prema uzroku smrti. Od ukupnog broja žrtava, svaka treća žrtva je bila pod uticajem alkohola u momentu smrti. BAC je bila - 0.5 g/L u 23.9% slučajeva, i to 22.4% kod samoubistava, 34.4% kod nesrećnih slučajeva i 25.0% u slučajevima ubistava. Najveći procenat visokih vrednosti BAC utvrđen je u uzorcima subjekata nastradalih u saobraćajnim nesrećama. Kod žrtava saobraćajnih nesreća, od 42 slučaja pozitivnih na alkohol, 26 žrtava ima koncentracija alkohola u krvi veću od 2 g/L. 90% žrtava pozitivno testiranih na alkohola su muškarci.Analiza pokazuje da je alkohol visok faktor rizika kod mnogih fatalnih nesreća, samoubistava i slučajeva nasilne smrti. Podaci izneti u ovom radu svakako bi trebalo da pomognu u razumevanju uloge alkohola u momentu smrti ali i da skrenu pažnju celom društvu u borbi protiv alkoholizma

Influence of heteropoly acids on rat synaptic plasma membrane atp -ase activity

The in vitro influence of 12-tungstosilicic acid (WSiA) and 12-tungstophosporic acid (WPA) on Na+/K+_ATPase activity, using rat synaptic plasma membrane (SPM) as a model system was investigated. The half-maximum inhibition (IC50) of the enzyme activity was achieved with 5.80⋅ 10-5mol/L of WPA and 1.17⋅10-4 mol/L of WSiA. The both examined compounds showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the enzyme activity in the concentration higher than 1 μmol/L

Prevalence of post-mortem blood alcohol concentration among deaths in Serbia during 2011

The prevalence of alcohol in blood samples from medicolegal autopsies performed in the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Belgrade, in 2011, was studied. In total, 293 blood samples were analyzed for alcohol by headspace gas chromatography. The blood alcohol concentrations were evaluated according to sex, age, and cause of death. The blood alcohol concentrations were . 0.5 g/L in 23.9% of the cases; in suicides 22.4%, accidents 34.4% and homicides 25.0%. The largest proportion of high BACs were found in the sample from subjects killed in traffic accidents. These findings confirm that alcohol use is an important factor in many fatal accidents, suicides and cases of violent death

NPLIN (Non-Photochemical Laser-Induced nucleation) of caffeine-gallic acid co-crystals in water, methanol and mixture of water methanol

International audienc

Experimental evidence of charge transfer in a functionalized hexavanadate: a high resolution X-ray diffraction study

International audienceA high resolution X-ray diffraction study has been carried out on [(C4H9)4N]2 [V6O13{(OCH2)3CCH2OCCH2CH3}2] (V6–C3) at 100 K. The V6 core possesses a negative charge, leading to a strong polarization of the anion. A nucleophilic region localized near the organic moiety and an electrophilic region in the vicinity of the V6 core provide an overall description of charge-transfer behavior

Experimental and theoretical insights of functionalized hexavanadates on Na+/K+-ATPase activity; molecular interaction field, ab initio calculations and in vitro assays

International audienc

Reactivity of 12-tungstophosphoric acid and its inhibitor potency toward Na + /K + -ATPase: A combined 31 P NMR study, ab initio calculations and crystallographic analysis

International audienceInfluence of 12-tungstophosphoric acid (WPA) on conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) in the presence of Na + /K +-ATPase was monitored by 31 P NMR spectroscopy. It was shown that WPA exhibits inhibitory effect on Na + /K +-ATPase activity. In order to study WPA reactivity and inter-molecular interactions between WPA oxygen atoms and different proton donor types (D = O, N, C), we have considered data for WPA based compounds from the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD), the Crystallographic Open Database (COD) and the Inorganic Crystal Structure Database (ICSD). Binding properties of Keggin's anion in biological systems are illustrated using Protein Data Bank (PDB). This work constitutes the first determination of theoretical Bader charges on polyoxotungstate compound via the Atom In Molecule theory. An analysis of electrostatic potential maps at the molecular surface and charge of WPA, resulting from DFT calculations, suggests that the preferred protonation site corresponds to WPA bridging oxygen. These results enlightened WPA chemical reactivity and its potential biological applications such as the inhibition of the ATPase activity

A combined crystallographic analysis and ab initio calculations to interpret the reactivity of functionalized hexavanadates and their inhibitor potency toward Na+/K+-ATPase

International audienceIn vitro influence of five synthesized functionalized hexavanadates (V 6) on commercial porcine cerebral cortex Na + /K +-ATPase activity has been studied. Dose dependent Na + /K +-ATPase inhibition was obtained for all investigated compounds. Calculated half maximal inhibitory concentration IC 50 values, in mol/L, for Na + /K +-ATPase were 7.6 × 10 −5 , 1.8 × 10 −5 , 2.9 × 10 −5 , 5.5 × 10 −5 for functionalized hexavanadates (V 6) with tetrabutylammonium (TBA) [V 6 –CH 3 ][TBA] 2, [V 6 –NO 2 ][TBA] 2 , [V 6 –OH][TBA] 2 and [V 6 –C 3 ][TBA] 2 respectively. [V 6 –OH][Na] 2 inhibited Na + /K +-ATPase activity up to 30% at maximal investigated concentration 1 × 10 −3 mol/L. This reactivity has been interpreted using a study of the non-covalent interactions of function-alized hexavanadate hybrids through Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) analysis. Bibliographic searching has led to 18 different structures and 99 contacts. We have observed that C–H⋯O contacts consolidate the structures. We have also performed density functional theory (DFT) calculations and have determined electrostatic potential values at the molecular surface on a series of functionalized V 6. These results enlightened their chemical reactivity and their potential biological applications such as the inhibition of the ATPase

New Cocrystallization Method: Non-photochemical Laser-Induced Nucleation of a Cocrystal of Caffeine–Gallic Acid in Water

International audienceThis paper reports for the first time the crystallization of cocrystals (caffeine–gallic acid) in water using the non-photochemical laser-induced nucleation (NPLIN) technique. The nucleation temporal control of NPLIN and the induction time reduction (70 times shorter than spontaneous nucleation) allow the obtention of cocrystals on demand, with excellent repeatability. Prior to NPLIN experiments, solubility measurements, metastable zone limit determination, and spontaneous nucleation (SN) are carried out. Supersaturated solutions at three different molarities of caffeine (0.0158, 0.0167, and 0.0179 M) are prepared and dissolved at 338 K. Supersaturated solutions are exposed to a 532 nm-wavelength nanosecond pulsed laser at 296 K. Some hours later, crystals can be filtered. The impact of supersaturation on probability of nucleation has been studied, and the result shows a higher supersaturation, which implies a higher probability of nucleation. Crystalline form characterization has employed a combination of Raman scattering, high-performance liquid chromatography, thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and powder X-ray diffraction; the sizes of the cocrystals are too small for a single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiment. Two different cocrystal forms are obtained: a new polymorph of hemihydrate CAFGAL.0.5H2O from spontaneous nucleation by precipitation and a new hydrate form CAFGAL.1.5H2O from NPLIN and from spontaneous nucleation of a supersaturated solution without evaporation. These results open a promising way to crystallize cocrystals in the context of the pharmaceutical industry