Influence of subjective factors on drivers’ speeding bahavior

У докторској дисертацији спроведена су два истраживања која су испитивала утицај социо-демографских и возачких карактеристика, особина личности и друштвено-когнитивних фактора на појаву брзе вожње у саобраћају. Прво истраживање се бави проблемом брзе вожње као ризичног понашања на путевима ван насеља. У другом истраживању на узорцима возача путничких аутомобила и професионалних возача тестирана су психометријска својства скале љутње у вожњи и повезаност ове особине личности са појавом самопријављене и стварне мере брзе вожње. Свеукупни закључак докторске дисертације је да брза вожња у саобраћају представља комплексно понашање чији механизам настанка може успешно бити објашњен социо-демографским и возачким карактеристикама, димензијама љутње у вожњи и друштвено-когнитивним факторима који су конципирани на проширеној теорији планираног понашања.U doktorskoj disertaciji sprovedena su dva istraživanja koja su ispitivala uticaj socio-demografskih i vozačkih karakteristika, osobina ličnosti i društveno-kognitivnih faktora na pojavu brze vožnje u saobraćaju. Prvo istraživanje se bavi problemom brze vožnje kao rizičnog ponašanja na putevima van naselja. U drugom istraživanju na uzorcima vozača putničkih automobila i profesionalnih vozača testirana su psihometrijska svojstva skale ljutnje u vožnji i povezanost ove osobine ličnosti sa pojavom samoprijavljene i stvarne mere brze vožnje. Sveukupni zaključak doktorske disertacije je da brza vožnja u saobraćaju predstavlja kompleksno ponašanje čiji mehanizam nastanka može uspešno biti objašnjen socio-demografskim i vozačkim karakteristikama, dimenzijama ljutnje u vožnji i društveno-kognitivnim faktorima koji su koncipirani na proširenoj teoriji planiranog ponašanja.In this Doctoral Theses are carried out two research in order to examine influence of socio-demographic and driver’s characteristics, personality traits, and socio-cognitive factors on speeding behavior. The first research deals with the problem of speeding behavior on rural roads. The purpose of the paper is to examine construct validity and the internal consistency and reliability of a questionnaire that measures the determinants of speeding behavior. In second research in samples of regular and professional drivers are tested psychometric properties of Driving Anger Scale (DAS) and relationship between driving anger and self-reported and objective speeding behavior. In summary, results of Doctoral Theses showed that speeding presents complex behavior that successfully can be explained by sociodemographic and driving characteristics, dimensions of driving anger, and socio-cognitive factors that are conceptualized on theory of planned behavior

Influence of subjective factors on drivers’ speeding bahavior

У докторској дисертацији спроведена су два истраживања која су испитивала утицај социо-демографских и возачких карактеристика, особина личности и друштвено-когнитивних фактора на појаву брзе вожње у саобраћају. Прво истраживање се бави проблемом брзе вожње као ризичног понашања на путевима ван насеља. У другом истраживању на узорцима возача путничких аутомобила и професионалних возача тестирана су психометријска својства скале љутње у вожњи и повезаност ове особине личности са појавом самопријављене и стварне мере брзе вожње. Свеукупни закључак докторске дисертације је да брза вожња у саобраћају представља комплексно понашање чији механизам настанка може успешно бити објашњен социо-демографским и возачким карактеристикама, димензијама љутње у вожњи и друштвено-когнитивним факторима који су конципирани на проширеној теорији планираног понашања.U doktorskoj disertaciji sprovedena su dva istraživanja koja su ispitivala uticaj socio-demografskih i vozačkih karakteristika, osobina ličnosti i društveno-kognitivnih faktora na pojavu brze vožnje u saobraćaju. Prvo istraživanje se bavi problemom brze vožnje kao rizičnog ponašanja na putevima van naselja. U drugom istraživanju na uzorcima vozača putničkih automobila i profesionalnih vozača testirana su psihometrijska svojstva skale ljutnje u vožnji i povezanost ove osobine ličnosti sa pojavom samoprijavljene i stvarne mere brze vožnje. Sveukupni zaključak doktorske disertacije je da brza vožnja u saobraćaju predstavlja kompleksno ponašanje čiji mehanizam nastanka može uspešno biti objašnjen socio-demografskim i vozačkim karakteristikama, dimenzijama ljutnje u vožnji i društveno-kognitivnim faktorima koji su koncipirani na proširenoj teoriji planiranog ponašanja.In this Doctoral Theses are carried out two research in order to examine influence of socio-demographic and driver’s characteristics, personality traits, and socio-cognitive factors on speeding behavior. The first research deals with the problem of speeding behavior on rural roads. The purpose of the paper is to examine construct validity and the internal consistency and reliability of a questionnaire that measures the determinants of speeding behavior. In second research in samples of regular and professional drivers are tested psychometric properties of Driving Anger Scale (DAS) and relationship between driving anger and self-reported and objective speeding behavior. In summary, results of Doctoral Theses showed that speeding presents complex behavior that successfully can be explained by sociodemographic and driving characteristics, dimensions of driving anger, and socio-cognitive factors that are conceptualized on theory of planned behavior

Zbijenost zemljišta različitih teksturnih klasa u zasadima malina ariljskog malinogorja

The principal aim of the present investigations was to establish the influence of threading by agricultural machines or people on the changes of penetration resistance (compaction) of the soils of various textural classes in Arilje raspberry growing area. The investigations included two most abundant soil types in the region, which differed significantly from the aspect of their textural composition: young non-carbonate sandy-loam alluvial soil (fluvisol) and silt-loam brown forest acid soil (dystric cambisol) on micashist. Measuring of penetration resistance in vertical direction, to the depth of 60 cm, between the rows of raspberry plants, at each 10 cm, was performed in the summer 2005 in two raspberry patches 10 years old. For the measurement of the penetration resistance a hand static penetrometer with cone of 30° and radius of 12.3 mm was applied. Repeated (10-20 times a year, according to the statement of the owner) passages of agricultural machines, frequently in very wet weather, as well as people passing (30-50 times a year) lead to a significant increase of penetration resistance (compaction) of the investigated soils in those areas, i.e. paths where machines and people moved. In these areas penetration resistance is 2 to 3 times higher than in surrounding untouched surfaces between the rows of raspberry plants. The values of penetration resistance (compaction) on the threaded paths vary between 1000 and 5000 kPa. The compaction increase made the penetration of raspberry roots into deeper soil layers very difficult.Cilj ovih istraživanja je bio utvrđivanje uticaja gaženja mehanizacijom i od strane ljudi, na izmene otpora penetracije (zbijenosti) zemljišta različitih teksturnih klasa u ariljskom malinogorju. Istraživanjima su obuhvaćena dva najzastupljenija tipa zemljišta u tom malinogorju koja se međusobno jako razlikuju po teksturi, i to: mlado beskarbonatno peskovito ilovasto aluvijalno zemljište (fluvisol) i praškasto ilovasto kiselo smeđe šumsko zemljište (distrični kambisol) na mikašistu. Merenje penetracionog otpora u vertikalnom pravcu, do 60 cm dubine, između redova malina na rastojanju od 10 cm obavljeno je u leto 2005. godine, i to u dva malinjaka starosti 10 godina. Za merenje penetracionog otpora korišćen je ručni statički penetrometar sa konusom od 30o i prečnikom 12.3 mm. Mnogobrojni (10-20 puta godišnje, po izjavi vlasnika malinjaka) prolazi poljoprivrednim mašinama često i po jako vlažnom zemljištu, kao i prolazi ljudi (30-50 godišnje) doveli su do znatnog povećanja otpora penetracije (zbijenosti) istraženih zemljišta na radnim stazama po kojima su se kretale mašine i ljudi. Na tim površinama penetracioni otpor je 2 do 4 puta veći nego na okolnim negaženim površinama između redova malina. Vrednosti otpora penetracije (zbijenosti) na radnim stazama variraju od 1000 do 5000 kPa. Povećanje zbijenosti jako je smanjilo prodiranje korena maline u dublje slojeve zemljišta, što je utvrđeno pri kopanju zemljišnih profila

THE APPLICATION OF RELIABILITY REALLOCATION MODEL IN TRAFFIC SAFETY ANALYSIS ON RURAL ROADS

The number of accidents on rural roads still represents a higher percentage of accidents than those occurring on built-up areas and motorways. Many countries are working on the definition and implementation of strategies that relate to the improvement of traffic safety on rural roads. This paper presents an approach to the analysis of traffic safety and the frequency of traffic accidents. The developed model is based on reliability theory and the application of the reliability reallocation model on data concerning traffic accidents that have occurred on rural roads. To test the model, a state road made up of 20 sections of a total length of 255 km was selected. The analysis of traffic safety on the observed road covers the period between the years 2005 and 2013 (this period is divided into two intervals 2005–2009 and 2010–2013). Following the basic analyses of traffic safety that are positioned in a space-time coordinate system, the next step is the reliability analysis and the ranking of the section. In this paper, the reallocation method was observed from the aspect of the reduction in accident frequency by 10% and the application of the ARINC apportionment technique

Hemijske osobine zemljišta pod zasadima maline zahvaćenih truljenjem korena i prizemnog dela izdanaka

Basic chemical properties of rhizospheric part of solum and its function on root and ground cane rot were studied at 5 locations within Arilje-Požega and Dragačevo region. The sites varied with geo-morpho-pedomicroclimatic conditions. Raspberry plantings were in decline, 2-5 years old. Analyses of 34 soil samples from 9 open and morphological profiles in declined plots revealed the following: 1) all soils were non-carbonic along rhizospheric depth, excluding one with 8.26% of CaCO3, which, from 55 cm in depth and downwards, was moderately carbonic; 2) pH in water significantly varied ranging from extremely acid ( lt 4.5), highly acid (pH=4.5-5.0), very acid (pH=5.1-5.5) and moderately acid (pH=5.6-6.0) in two soil types; 3) the capacity of interchangeable ion absorption also varied (T=7.4-38.5 me) coupled with the sum of interchangeable ion absorbed actions (S=1.04-27.37 me); 4) all soils were rather poorly (V lt 15%) or moderately saturated with basic actions; 5) up to 50 cm in depth, out of which raspberry satisfies 52% of its water and nutrient needs, humus content ranged from 0.3-2%, which is typical for the soils very poor in it. It was inferred that the values of pH reaction, along with other parameters, favored the presence of Al-ions in absorption complex of the soils analyzed, which induces depression of root and retarded growth and development of above ground parts in very acid soils. Nevertheless, it does not mean that the mentioned state is a major factor of massive decline induced by root and ground cane rot. Namely multidisciplinary, detailed analyses should be conducted, and the results compared.Predmet istraživanja ovog rada su neke osnovne hemijske osobine rizosfernog dela soluma u funkciji njihovog uticaja na pojavu truleži korena i prizemnog dela izdanaka maline u ariljsko-požeškom i dragačevskom malinogorju različitih po geo-morfo-pedomikroklimatskim uslovima u zasadima maline u propadanju, starim 2-5 godina. Na osnovu sprovedenih laboratorijskih istraživanja utvrđeno je da svi ispitani uzorci, bez obzira na lokaciju poseduju prilično nepovoljne hemijske osobine. Pripadaju grupi vrlo slabo do slabo humoznih zemljišta sa malim kapacitetom adsorpcije i stepenom zasićenosti baznim katjonima (distrični). Osim toga karakterišu se visokom hidrolitičkom kiselošću i veoma malim pH vrednostima, koje ukazuju na prisustvo razmenjivog Al u adsorptivnom kompleksu. Takvo stanje kiselosti može dovesti do depresivnog stanja korena i usporenog rasta i razvića nadzemnog vegetativnog dela maline. Međutim, to ne znači da se bez širih multidisciplinarnih sveobuhvatnih analiza i povezivanja svih mogućih činjenica, može sa sigurnošću tvrditi da je to stanje baš osnovni uzrok sve masovnije pojave propadanja zasada truljenjem korena i prizemnog dela izdanaka maline

The Time-Space Approach in the Analysis of Traffic Safety on Rural Road

Analysis of the traffic safety factors in some region (road, section of road, road’s kilometer) is an important task in the field of traffic safety. It is necessary to constantly monitor, analyze, compare traffic safety situation in order to develop and improve measures for increasing the level of traffic safety. The first part of each analysis is finding of positions of traffic accidents and its casualties, in other words it is necessary to find its coordinates in the space-time coordinate system

Accident Frequency Prediction Model for Flat Rural Roads in Serbia

Traffic accidents, by their nature, are random events; therefore, it is difficult to estimate the exact places and times of their occurrences and the true nature of their impacts. Although they are hard to precisely predict, preventative actions can be taken and their numbers (in a certain period) can be approximately predicted. In this study, we investigated the relationship between accident frequency and factors that affect accident frequency; we used accident data for events that occurred on a flat rural state road in Serbia. The analysis was conducted using five statistical models, i.e., Poisson, negative binomial, random effect negative binomial, zero-inflated Poisson, and zero-inflated negative binomial models. The results indicated that the random effect negative binomial model outperformed the other models in terms of goodness-of-fit measures; it was chosen as the accident prediction model for flat rural roads. Four explanatory variables—annual average daily traffic, segment length, number of horizontal curves, and access road density—were found to significantly affect accident frequency. The results of this research can help road authorities make decisions about interventions and investments in road networks, designing new roads, and reconstructing existing roads

Uticaj navodnjavanja na prinos maline sorte Willamette u kišnoj vegetacionoj sezoni

The effect of irrigation on fresh raspberry fruit was studied at two localities of Arilje-Požega raspberry growing area, differing in geomorphology (at the altitude of 520 and 354 m), microclimate and soil types (brown forest and alluvial), at distance of water emitter on the lateral of: Rl = 0.5 m and R2 = 0.75 m and at various irrigation rates of 2 mm/day, 4 mm/day and 6 mm/day in rainy raspberry growing season of 2002. Raspberry cv Willamette gave different yields on two soil types without irrigation. Almost 7 t/ha more fresh fruit was harvested on brown forest than on alluvial soil. It can be explained by different pH soil value in effective root system zone (pH=5.9 in brown forest soil, 3.05 in alluvial) water retention soil capacity, and differing bearing potential of planting in early growing season. The different increase in yield was also recorded under conditions of irrigation, at different water ring regimes, on various soil types. At the same time, different watering rates, of different duration (1,2 and 3 hours per day)did not result in major differences in terms of fresh fruit yield. Also, different distances of water emitters on laterals of 0.5 m and 0.75 m did not result in significant difference in yields on brown forest soil, as opposed to alluvial. A heavier yield by 12% was achieved with emitter distance of 0.5 m. It can be concluded that raspberry responds to irrigation by yield increase even in rainy years regardless of the geo-morpho-pedoclimatic environmental conditions under which it is grown.Eksperimentalnim istraživanjima izvedenim u ariljsko-požeškom malinogorju na oglednim poljima (F2 - "Krčevine" i F3 - "Kosovo"), različitim po geomorfologiji (520 i 354 m.n.m) i tipovima zemljišta (smeđe i aluvijalno) u uslovima dve varijante vodnog režima zemljišta: Wo-prirodni i Wi-irigacioni (od početka cvetanja do kraja berbe) u 8 ponavljanja, sa međusobnim odstojanjem kapaljki na lateralu: Rl = 0,5 m i R2 = 0,75 m i normama zalivanja od 2 mm/dan, 4 mm/dan i 6 mm/dan, proučavan je uticaj navodnjavanja na prinos maline sorte Willamette. Merenjem parametara prirodnog i irigacionog vodnog režima zemljišta (prihod vode od padavina i navodnjavanja i rashod evapotranspiraeijom), ustanovljeno je da je povoljan pluviometrijski režim u 2002. godini, u periodu april-septembar (478 mm) obezbedio malinu dovoljnom količinom vode u skoro svim fenofazama njenog razvića. Međutim i pored toga, različiti režimi zalivanja maline, od fenofaze cvetanja: normom navodnjavanja 46-149 mm sa 24 zalivanja na Fl i normom navodnjavanja 34-103 mm sa 18 zalivanja na F3 eksperimentalnom polju uslovili su razlike u prinosu svežeg ploda maline od 6%, na smeđem, odnosno 11,8% na aluvijalnom zemljištu