76 research outputs found
Songbird ecology in Southwestern Forest Service ponderosa pine forests: A literature review
This publication reviews and synthesizes the literature about ponderosa pine forests of the Southwest, with emphasis on the biology, ecology, and conservation of songbirds. Critical bird-habitat management issues related to succession, snags, old growth, fire, logging, grazing, recreation, and landscape scale are addressed. Overviews of the ecology, current use, and history of Southwestern ponderosa pine forests are also provided. This report is one of the outcomes of the Silver vs homasco urt-settlement agreement of 1996. It is intended for planners, scientists, and conservationists in solving some of the controversies over managing forests and birds in the Southwest
State permutations from manipulation of near level-crossings
We discuss some systematic methods for implementing state manipulations in
systems formally similar to chains of a few spins with nearest-neighbor
interactions, arranged such that there are strong and weak scales of coupling
links. States are permuted by means of bias potentials applied to a few
selected sites. This generic structure is then related to an atoms-in-a-cavity
model that has been proposed in the literature as a way of achieving a
decoherence free subspace. A new method using adiabatically varying laser
detuning to implement a CNOT gate in this model is proposed.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures. Substantial revision and extension of the
introduction and the atoms-in-a-cavity section
Cooperative fluorescence effects for dipole-dipole interacting systems with experimentally relevant level configurations
The mutual dipole-dipole interaction of atoms in a trap can affect their
fluorescence. Extremely large effects were reported for double jumps between
different intensity periods in experiments with two and three Ba^+ ions for
distances in the range of about ten wave lengths of the strong transition while
no effects were observed for Hg^+ at 15 wave lengths. In this theoretical paper
we study this question for configurations with three and four levels which
model those of Hg^+ and Ba^+, respectively. For two systems in the Hg^+
configuration we find cooperative effects of up to 30% for distances around one
or two wave lengths, about 5% around ten wave lengths, and, for larger
distances in agreement with experiments, practically none. This is similar for
two V systems. However, for two four-level configurations, which model two Ba^+
ions, cooperative effects are practically absent, and this latter result is at
odds with the experimental findings for Ba^+.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, RevTeX4, to be published in Phys. Rev.
An Ecological Basis for Ecosystem Management
This report was prepared by the Southwestern Regional Ecosystem Management Study Team composed of management and research biologists. The USDA Forest Service Southwestern Regions Regional Forester, Larry Henson, and the Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station Director, Denver Burns, chartered this team to recommend an ecological basis for ecosystem management. This report is not intended to provide details on all aspects of ecosystem management; it simply provides information and makes recommendations for an ecological basis for ecosystem management. The report is not a decision document. It does not allocate resources on public lands nor does it make recommendations to that effect. The report of this Study Team may be relied upon as input in processes initiated under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), National Forest Management Act (NFMA), Endangered Species Act (ESA), Administrative Procedures Act (APA), and other applicable laws. The information contained in this report is general in nature, rather than site specific. Implementation of ecosystem management and allocation of resources on Forest Service administered lands is the responsibility of the National Forest System in partnership with Forest Service Research and State and Private Forestry. Implementation is done through Forest and project plans that are subject to the NEPA process of disclosing the effects of proposed actions and affording the opportunity for public comment. The Southwestern Region follows a planning process for projects called Integrated Resource Management (IRM). The opinions expressed by the authors do not necessarily represent the policy or position of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the Forest Service, The Nature Conservancy, or the Arizona Game and Fish Department. The Study Team acknowledges the valuable input of more than 50 individuals from various agencies, universities, professional organizations, and other groups who provided thoughtful comments of an earlier draft of this document. Some of their comments are included in Appendix 3
Real clocks and the Zeno effect
Real clocks are not perfect. This must have an effect in our predictions for
the behaviour of a quantum system, an effect for which we present a unified
description encompassing several previous proposals. We study the relevance of
clock errors in the Zeno effect, and find that generically no Zeno effect can
be present (in such a way that there is no contradiction with currently
available experimental data). We further observe that, within the class of
stochasticities in time addressed here, there is no modification in emission
lineshapes.Comment: 12 a4 pages, no figure
Steiner t-designs for large t
One of the most central and long-standing open questions in combinatorial
design theory concerns the existence of Steiner t-designs for large values of
t. Although in his classical 1987 paper, L. Teirlinck has shown that
non-trivial t-designs exist for all values of t, no non-trivial Steiner
t-design with t > 5 has been constructed until now. Understandingly, the case t
= 6 has received considerable attention. There has been recent progress
concerning the existence of highly symmetric Steiner 6-designs: It is shown in
[M. Huber, J. Algebr. Comb. 26 (2007), pp. 453-476] that no non-trivial
flag-transitive Steiner 6-design can exist. In this paper, we announce that
essentially also no block-transitive Steiner 6-design can exist.Comment: 9 pages; to appear in: Mathematical Methods in Computer Science 2008,
ed. by J.Calmet, W.Geiselmann, J.Mueller-Quade, Springer Lecture Notes in
Computer Scienc
Final State Interactions in Hypernuclear Decay
We present an update of the One-Meson-Exchange (OME) results for the weak
decay of s- and p-shell hypernuclei (Ref. Phys. Rev. C {\bf 56}, 339 (1997)),
paying special attention to the role played by final state interactions between
the emitted nucleons. The present study also corrects for a mistake in the
inclusion of the and exchange mechanisms, which substantially
increases the ratio of neutron-induced to proton-induced transitions,
. With the most up-to-date model ingredients, we find that
the OME approach is able to describe very satisfactorily most of the measured
observables, including the ratio .Comment: 20 pages, 2 eps figure
Projection Postulate and Atomic Quantum Zeno Effect
The projection postulate has been used to predict a slow-down of the time
evolution of the state of a system under rapidly repeated measurements, and
ultimately a freezing of the state. To test this so-called quantum Zeno effect
an experiment was performed by Itano et al. (Phys. Rev. A 41, 2295 (1990)) in
which an atomic-level measurement was realized by means of a short laser pulse.
The relevance of the results has given rise to controversies in the literature.
In particular the projection postulate and its applicability in this experiment
have been cast into doubt. In this paper we show analytically that for a wide
range of parameters such a short laser pulse acts as an effective level
measurement to which the usual projection postulate applies with high accuracy.
The corrections to the ideal reductions and their accumulation over n pulses
are calculated. Our conclusion is that the projection postulate is an excellent
pragmatic tool for a quick and simple understanding of the slow-down of time
evolution in experiments of this type. However, corrections have to be
included, and an actual freezing does not seem possible because of the finite
duration of measurements.Comment: 25 pages, LaTeX, no figures; to appear in Phys. Rev.
Strangeness nuclear physics: a critical review on selected topics
Selected topics in strangeness nuclear physics are critically reviewed. This
includes production, structure and weak decay of --Hypernuclei, the
nuclear interaction and the possible existence of bound
states in nuclei. Perspectives for future studies on these issues are also
outlined.Comment: 63 pages, 51 figures, accepted for publication on European Physical
Journal
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