Atlantic salmon in regulated rivers: Understanding river management through the ecosystem services lens

Known as the "king of fishes," the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, Salmonidae) is an iconic freshwater species whose contribution to human well-being has long been recognized, as have widespread declines in its abundance, partly due to river regulation. To understand how salmon conservation has been addressed within the ecosystem services (ES) framework, we synthesized the peer-reviewed literature on ES provided by salmon in regulated rivers. We developed a search string to capture allusions to provisioning, regulating, supporting and cultural ES and assessed the results to identify knowledge gaps. The effects of hydropower on fisheries catches and on modelled populations were shown in several publications. Overall, few studies focused explicitly on ES from salmon and hydropower; this is surprising given the considerable body of literature on salmon in regulated rivers. Wild salmon as a food source and other provisioning services are less important today than historically. Because predators such as salmon are important for facilitating biodiversity by cycling nutrients and controlling food webs, there is a scope of work for future assessments of these regulating and supporting services. Few papers explicitly addressed cultural ES, despite the salmon's longstanding iconic status; this is a knowledge gap for future ES assessments in relation to hydropower. The influence of ES assessments for policy makers is growing through the Intergovernmental Panel for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) and the post-2020 biodiversity strategy. Explicitly addressing ES poses an opportunity for river managers to raise awareness of aquatic conservation efforts and well-informed decision-making for sustaining ES

Kanoper : utanför Musiken

Jag har tidigare haft mina funderingar över att reflektera kring mitt eget verk och mitt eget komponerande. Funderingar om att det skulle bli för personligt och utlämnande. Det finns dock något spännande i att skriva om sig själv och sitt komponerande, en möjlighet att göra en resa inom sig själv. Så jag har i slutändan beslutat mig för att ta denna chans att skriva om mina tankar kring musik och om hur jag arbetar med utommusikalisk inspiration i mitt komponerande. Orkesterstycket Kanoper, den klingande delen av mitt examensarbete, är inspirerat av den egyptiska mytologin och gudavärlden; utan att jag är religös eller en anhängare av den gammelegyptiska tron, men jag har en förkärlek för det mytiska. Mytologi har varit ett stort nöje och en inspirationskälla för mig enda sedan jag var ett litet barn och jag lånade böcker om grekisk, egyptisk och nordisk mytologi från familjens bokhyllor, först kanske mest för att titta på bilder men allteftersom jag lärde mig läsa så var det några av de första böckerna jag läste. Jag tycker att den egyptiska mytologin lämpar sig väl för de undertonerna jag vill jobba med när jag skriver mina stycken samt inspirerar till de klangerna jag vill ha med i mina kompositioner.
Bilaga: 1 partitur.</p

Stegvist komponerande : strategier för att skapa flow

I denna uppsats beskriver jag mitt arbete med en kortopera som heter Dags som jag skrivit under min masterutbildning i komposition på Kungl. Musikhögskolan. Jag använder en auto-etnografisk metod för att beskriva reflektioner kring olika aspekter av komposition. Jag vill blottlägga delar av mitt kompositionsarbete, de låsningar som kan uppstå när man komponerar och de strategier jag använder för att komma över låsningarna. En strategi som jag använder mig av är det jag kallar för stegvist komponerande, en term jag lånar från kontrapunkten. Jag kommer beskriva hur man som kompositör kan fokusera på flera små problem och lösa dem en efter en istället för att försöka lösa ett stort komplext problem direkt. Musikhistoria, tekniska synvinklar på musik samt citat är saker som inspirerar mig till att skriva musik. Jag kommer beskriva metoder för komposition samt historisk och nutida praxis för hur man kan komponera stegvis, och på så sätt skapa sitt eget flow.In this thesis I describe my work with a short opera called Dags which I have composed during my master program in composition at Kungl. Musikhögskolan. I use an auto-ethnographic method to describe my reflections of different aspects of composition. I want to expose parts of my compositional work, the deadlocks that can arise when composing and the strategies I use to get out of the deadlocks. I call the strategy I have created step-wise composing, borrowing a term from the study of counterpoint. I will describe how one as a composer can focus on many small problems and solve them one by one instead of trying to solve a large complex problem instantaneously. Music history, technical aspects of music and quotations are things that inspire me to write music. I will describe different methods for composing and also historical and contemporary practices for how to compose step-wise, and create one’s own flow.Uruppförande av kortoperan Dags med text av Emma Palmkvist och musik av Johan Blixt</p

Trocar site hernia after gastric sleeve

Background: Laparoscopy is common in abdominal surgery. Trocar site hernia (TSH) is a most likely underestimated complication. Among risk factors, obesity, the use of larger trocars and the umbilical trocar site has been described. In a previous study, CT scan in the prone position was found to be a reliable method for the detection of TSH following gastric bypass (LRYGB). In the present study, our aim was to examine the incidence of TSH after gastric sleeve, and further to investigate the proportion of symptomatic trocar site hernias. Methods: Seventy-nine patients subjected to laparoscopic gastric sleeve in 2011–2016 were examined using CT in the prone position upon a ring. Symptoms of TSH were assessed using a digital survey. Results: The incidence of trocar site hernia was 17 out of 79 (21.5%), all at the umbilical trocar site. The mean follow-up time was 37 months. There was no significant correlation between patient symptoms and a TSH. Conclusions: The incidence of TSH is high after laparoscopic gastric sleeve, a finding in line with several recent studies as well as with our first trial on trocar site hernia after LRYGB. Up to follow-up, none of the patients had been subjected to hernia repair. Although the consequence of a trocar site hernia can be serious, the proportion of symptomatic TSH needs to be more clarified

Wet glued laminated beams using side boards of Norway spruce

In a previous research project, carried out during the years 2006-2008, the possibility to manufacture wet glued laminated beams using ungraded laminations of Norway spruce side boards was investigated with very promising results. In the project presented in this report, the performance of the wet glued beams has been further investigated and developed as regards grading of side board laminations, bond line properties and lamination finger jointing. The possibility to use scanning equipment for measurement of fibre angles and prediction of strength and stiffness of boards and beams has been studied and the procedures for technical approval and CE marking have been probed into. Studies concerning market and economy for the beams and layouts for a pilot plant and a full capacity plant, respectively, for production of such beams have also been carried out. The possibility to grade side boards in the wet state using axial dynamic excitation was investigated with a positive result. From such excitation, a board’s stiffness (modulus of elasticity) could be determined. Accordingly, grading criteria regarding axial stiffness, and knot size, was applied to grade side board laminations into two classes; outer and inner laminations. Strength and stiffness tests of beams manufactured from such graded laminations showed that the beams actually could challenge first rate glulam and LVL products available on the market. Regarding beam shape and shape stability, cross section cupping may need further attention. Even if this deformation was small, it was still visible to the naked eye. The problem could probably be overcome if the beams are dried to a moisture content of 12-14% before planing. Results of shear tests show that green glued bond lines can fulfil strength requirements for glulam. However, delamination requirements for service class 3 (outdoors) were not fully met. From small scale tensile testing of glued bonds it was concluded that green glued bonds with high density wood have the same tensile strength and fracture energy as dry glued bonds. For bonds with low density wood and/or small amount of adhesive, the tensile strength could be lower than for dry glued bonds, whereas the fracture energy was on a similar level. Strength testing of wet and dry glued finger joints demonstrated that joints glued from high density wood was significantly stronger than low density joints and that there was no significant difference between the strength of green glued joints and joints glued after drying. From X-ray measurement it was shown that the glue penetration into the wood fibres is much deeper in a green glued joint than in a joint that is glued in the dried state. From scanning algorithms developed within the scope of this project it is possible to obtain reasonably accurate predictions of grain-angle distributions on board surfaces as well as rather accurate descriptions of knot locations and of fibre-angle disturbances around knots. From scanning of board ends, cross section characteristics with respect to radial and tangential directions and of annual ring widths could also be determined. Finally, both board and beam stiffness were predicted from this data, with an accuracy that is comparable with the one obtained from well-reputed commercial grading systems

Minimally Invasive Surgery for Thoracolumbar Spinal Fractures in Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis

Background: Patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are prone to spinal fractures even after low-energy trauma. Posterior fusion through open surgery has been the standard procedure for spinal fractures in patients with AS. Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has been proposed as an alternative treatment option. There are few literature reports regarding patients with AS being treated for spinal fractures with MIS. This study aims to present the clinical outcome of a series of patients with AS treated with MIS for spinal fractures. Methods: We included a consecutive series of patients with AS who underwent MIS for thoracolumbar fractures between 2014 and 2021. The median follow -up was 38 (12-75) months. Medical records and radiographs were reviewed, and data on surgery, reoperations, complications, fracture healing, and mortality were recorded. Results: Forty -three patients (39 [91%] men) were included with a median (range) age of 73 (38-89) years. All patients underwent image-guided MIS with screws and rods. Three patients underwent reoperations, all due to wound infections. One patient (2%) died within 30 days and 7 (16%) died within the first year after surgery. Most patients with a radiographic follow -up of 12 months or more (29/30) healed with a bony fusion on computed tomography (97%). Conclusion: Patients with AS and a spinal fracture are at risk of reoperation and have significant mortality during the first year. MIS provides adequate surgical stability for fracture healing with an acceptable number of complications and is an adequate choice in treating AS-related spinal fractures

Högre värdeutbyte genom våt- och torrlimning av sågade sidobrädor till egenskapsoptimerade träprodukter för byggmarknaden

The purpose of this project was to investigate the possibilities to manufacture wet-glued laminated beams for load bearing applications from Norway spruce side board lamellae and by that achieve products that are difficult to obtain from the centre yield of a log and also contribute to increased profitability in the sawmill industry.   Properties such as shape stability, strength and stiffness of wet glued beams with crosssectional dimensions 50×300 mm2 and lengths 4850 and 5200 mm were analysed and compared with corresponding dry glued products. The results obtained are very promising. espite the fact that the beams were produced from a batch of unsorted boards, the performed tests showed that the product has the necessary qualities to be competitive in relation to both glued laminated timber of grade L40 and structural strength graded timber of grade C35. Requirements concerning limitations for geometrical characteristics as expressed in a proposal for a new harmonised glulam standard are also met.   The bond line of the wet glued beams was analysed regarding mechanical properties such as fracture energy, local strength and wood failure percentage after cyclic boiling and drying treatments. The results showed that the bonds are able to comply with requirements concerning bond lines to be used in indoor as well as outdoor constructions for structural pplications.   To be able to improve the quality of boards for use as lamellae in wet glued beams, a method for scanning the slope of grain and disturbance of grain on board surfaces was also further developed and implemented.Projektets syfte har varit att undersöka möjligheterna att använda sidobräder av gran för tillverkning av våtlimmade balkar för byggmarknaden och därigenom erhålla produkter som dels är svåra att få fram ur centrumutbyte, dels kan bidra till förbättrad lönsamhet i sågverksindustrin.   Formstabilitet, hållfasthet och styvhet för våtlimmade balkar med tvärsnittsdimensionen 50×300 mm2 och längderna 4850 resp. 5200 mm har undersökts och jämförts med motsvarande torrlimmade produkter. De resultat som framkommit är mycket lovande. Trots att balkarna tillverkats av ett osorterat sortiment bräder visar genomförda provningar att produkten har goda förutsättningar att kunna konkurrera med såväl limträ i klass L40 som konstruktionsvirke i klass K35. Dessutom uppfylls de krav på måttavvikelser som ställs i det föreliggande (juni 2008) förslaget till ny harmoniserad standard för limträ.   Balkarnas våtlimmade limfogar har undersökts med avseende på tekniska egenskaper som brottenergi, korttidshållfasthet och risk för delaminering. Delamineringsprovning innebär att limfogen först utsätts för upprepade uppfuktningar och uttorkningar t.ex. genom kokning eller autoklavbehandling, varefter man mäter hur stor andel av limfogen som släppt. Resultaten visar att fogarna kan uppfylla de krav som ställs på limfogar för användning såväl inom- som utomhus i lastbärande konstruktioner.   För att i framtiden kunna sortera fram ett bättre sortiment sidobräder för tillverkning av balkar har en metod för skanning av fibervinkel och snedfibrighet på brädytor vidareutvecklats och implementerats