Age-Dependent Targeting of Protein Phosphatase 1 to Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II by Spinophilin in Mouse Striatum

Mechanisms underlying age-dependent changes of dendritic spines on striatal medium spiny neurons are poorly understood. Spinophilin is an F-actin- and protein phosphatase 1 (PP1)-binding protein that targets PP1 to multiple downstream effectors to modulate dendritic spine morphology and function. We found that calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) directly and indirectly associates with N- and C-terminal domains of spinophilin, but F-actin can displace CaMKII from the N-terminal domain. Spinophilin co-localizes PP1 with CaMKII on the F-actin cytoskeleton in heterologous cells, and spinophilin co-localizes with synaptic CaMKII in neuronal cultures. Thr286 autophosphorylation enhances the binding of CaMKII to spinophilin in vitro and in vivo. Although there is no change in total levels of Thr286 autophosphorylation, maturation from postnatal day 21 into adulthood robustly enhances the levels of CaMKII that co-immunoprecipitate with spinophilin from mouse striatal extracts. Moreover, N- and C-terminal domain fragments of spinophilin bind more CaMKII from adult vs. postnatal day 21 striatal lysates. Total levels of other proteins that interact with C-terminal domains of spinophilin decrease during maturation, perhaps reducing competition for CaMKII binding to the C-terminal domain. In contrast, total levels of α-internexin and binding of α-internexin to the spinophilin N-terminal domain increases with maturation, perhaps bridging an indirect interaction with CaMKII. Moreover, there is an increase in the levels of myosin Va, α-internexin, spinophilin, and PP1 in striatal CaMKII immune complexes isolated from adult and aged mice compared to those from postnatal day 21. These changes in spinophilin/CaMKII interactomes may contribute to changes in striatal dendritic spine density, morphology, and function during normal postnatal maturation and aging

Late Edition with Wolf Blitzer

Late Edition with Wolf Blitzer featuring interview with Trent Lott and Dianne Feinstein. Topics discussed include: Israel-Palestine conflict, Hamas, United States relations with the Middle East, Saddam Hussein, American troops have not found any weapons of mass destruction, and the inaccurate intelligence used to justify the war in Iraq

Late Edition with Wolf Blitzer

Late Edition with Wolf Blitzer interview with Trent Lott. Topic discussed: proposed Homeland Security Act. Late Edition with Wolf Blitzer coverage of the search for Osama Bin Laden; possible intelligence before the 9/11 attacks; and U.S. preparedness

The Late Edition with Wolf Blitzer

Late Edition with Wolf Blitzer featuring Trent Lott. Topics discussed: Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty and Patients\u27 Bill of Rights

Late Edition with Wolf Blitzer

Late Edition with Wolf Blitzer featuring Donald Rumsfeld. Topic discussed: defense spending; Ballistic Missile Defense Plan; and terrorism in the Middle East. Late Edition with Wolf Blitzer interview of Senator Trent Lott. Topics discussed: social security trust fund surplus; capital gains tax cut; trade promotion authority; and payroll tax reduction

Wolf Blitzer Reports and Lou Dobbs Moneyline

Wolf Blitzer Reports coverage of news conference with Senator Trent Lott, who apologizes for his statement that the United States would have avoided all these problems if then-segregationist Strom Thurmond had been elected president in 1948. Lou Dobbs Moneyline coverage of the reaction to Trent Lott\u27s apology for his remarks about Strom Thurmond; Henry Kissinger resigns from the 9/11 commission board; and nuclear proliferation

Senate Majority Leader Trent Lott interviewed on CNN\u27s Late Edition

Late Edition hosted by Wolf Blitzer. Senate Majority Leader Trent Lott interviewed. Topics discussed include: President Bill Clinton\u27s upcoming trip to China; most favored nation status for China; technology transfer to China; national security; Ken Starr\u27s investigation of President Bill Clinton; tobacco legislation; nomination of U.S. ambassador to Luxembourg; and nuclear testing. Program ends with comments on the interview with Trent Lott from Paul Begala, Counselor to President Clinton

Partitioning tracer tests as a remediation metric: Case study at naval amphibious base little creek, Virginia Beach, Virginia

The partitioning tracer test (PTT) is a characterization tool that can be used to quantify the porespace saturation (SN) and spatial distribution of dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) in the subsurface. Because the method essentially eliminates data interpolation errors by directly measuring a relatively large subsurface volume, it offers significant promise as a remediation metric for DNAPL-zone remediation efforts. This article presents, in detail, the design and results of field PTTs conducted before and after a DNAPL-zone treatment at the Naval Amphibious Base Little Creek, Virginia Beach, Virginia. The results from different tracers yield a relatively large range in SN estimates, indicating notable uncertainty and presenting significant challenges for meaningful interpretation. Several potential interpretation methods are presented, resulting in an estimated DNAPL removal range of 15 to 109 L. While this range is large, it is consistent with the DNAPL removal (∼30 L) determined from analysis of effluent concentration measurements collected during the remediation efforts. At this site, the initial and final SN values are low, and the relatively inconsistent performance of the various tracers indicates that these levels are near the lower practical quantification limit for these PTTs; however, the effective lower quantification limit for these tests is unknown. Generally, an understanding of lower quantification limits is particularly important for interpretation of post-remediation PTTs because SN values are likely to be low (due to remediation efforts) and the SN estimated from the PTT may be used to predict long-term dissolved plume behavior and assess associated environmental risk. Partitioning tracer test quantification limits are test-specific, as they are dependent on a variety of factors including analytical uncertainty, tracer breakthrough characteristics, and tracer data integration techniques. The results of this case study indicate that methods for estimating lower quantification limits for field PTTs require further development. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc