12 research outputs found
On the Hamiltonian nature of semiclassical equations of motion in the presence of an electromagnetic field and Berry curvature
We consider the semiclassical equations of motion of a particle when both an
external electromagnetic field and the Berry gauge field in the momentum space
are present. It is shown that these equations are Hamiltonian and relations
between the canonical and covariant variables are determined through a
consistent account of all components of the Berry connection. The Jacobian of
the canonical-to-covariant-variables transformation describes the
nonconservation of the 'naive' phase space volume in the covariant coordinates
(D.Xiao, J.Shi, and Q.Niu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 137204 (2005)).Comment: 3 pages, to appear in Physics Letters
Topological spin transport of photons: the optical Magnus Effect and Berry Phase
The paper develops a modified geometrical optics (GO) of smoothly
inhomogeneous isotropic medium, which takes into account two topological
phenomena: Berry phase and the optical Magnus effect. By using the analogy
between a quasi-classical motion of a quantum particle with a spin and GO of an
electromagnetic wave in smoothly inhomogeneous media, we have introduced the
standard gauge potential associated with the degeneracy in the wave momentum
space. This potential corresponds to the Dirac-monopole-like field (Berry
curvature), which causes the topological spin (polarization) transport of
photons. The deviations of waves of right-hand and left-hand helicity occur in
the opposite directions and orthogonally to the principal direction of motion.
This produces a spin current directed across the principal motion. The
situation is similar to the anomalous Hall effect for electrons. In addition, a
simple scheme of the experiment allowing one to observe the topological spin
splitting of photons has been suggested.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur
On spin evolution in a time-dependent magnetic field: post-adiabatic corrections and geometric phases
We examine both quantum and classical versions of the problem of spin
evolution in a slowly varying magnetic field. Main attention is given to the
first- and second-order adiabatic corrections in the case of in-plane
variations of the magnetic field. While the first-order correction relates to
the adiabatic Berry phase and Coriolis-type lateral deflection of the spin, the
second-order correction is shown to be responsible for the next-order geometric
phase and in-plain deflection. A comparison between different approaches,
including the exact (non-adiabatic) geometric phase, is presented.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figure, to appear in Phys. Lett.
Weak antilocalization of ultrarelativistic fermions
The paper discusses the Berry phase influence on the weak localization
phenomenon at the adiabatic backscattering of ultrarelativistic particles in a
random medium. We demonstrate that bosons that pass along a certain closed path
in opposite directions come back always in phase (an example: the
backscattering enhancement of electromagnetic waves), whereas fermions come
exactly in antiphase. This produces a "complete weak antilocalization" of
ultrarelativistic fermions: the backscattering field intensity vanishes.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Physics Letters
Spin-orbit interaction of photons and fine splitting of levels in ring dielectric resonator
We consider eigenmodes of a ring resonator made of a circular dielectric
waveguide. Taking into account the polarization corrections, which are
responsible for the interaction of polarization and orbital properties of
electromagnetic waves (spin-orbit interaction of photons), results in fine
splitting of the levels of scalar approximation. The basic features of this
fine structure of the levels are similar to that of electron levels in an atom.
Namely: 1) sublevels of the fine structure are defined by an additional quantum
number: product of helicity of the wave and its orbital moment; 2) for a
waveguide with a parabolic profile of the refractive index each level of the
scalar approximation splits into N sublevels (N is the principal quantum
number), while for any other profile it splits into 2 sublevels; 3) each level
of the fine structure remains twice degenerated due to local axial symmetry of
the waveguide. Numerical estimations show that the described fine splitting of
levels may be observed in optic-fiber ring resonators.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figure, final version with jornal misprints correcte
Spin Gauge Fields: from Berry Phase to Topological Spin Transport and Hall Effects
The paper examines the emergence of gauge fields during the evolution of a
particle with a spin that is described by a matrix Hamiltonian with n different
eigenvalues. It is shown that by introducing a spin gauge field a particle with
a spin can be described as a spin multiplet of scalar particles situated in a
non-Abelian pure gauge (forceless) field U(n). As the result, one can create a
theory of particle evolution that is gauge invariant with regards to the group
U^n(1). Due to this, in the adiabatic (Abelian) approximation the spin gauge
field is an analogue of n electromagnetic fields U(1) on the extended phase
space of the particle. These fields are force ones, and the forces of their
action enter the particle motion equations that are derived in the paper in the
general form. The motion equations describe the topological spin transport,
pumping and splitting. The Berry phase is represented in this theory
analogously to the Dirac phase of a particle in an electromagnetic field. Due
to the analogy with the electromagnetic field, the theory becomes natural in
the four-dimensional form. Besides the general theory the article considers a
number of important particular examples, both known and new.Comment: 28 pages, the final (journal) versio