Derivational morphology in the German mental lexicon: A dual mechanism account

The Dual Mechanism Model posits two different cognitive mechanisms for morphologically complex word forms: decomposition of regulars into stems and exponents, and full-form storage for irregulars. Most of the research in this framework has focused on contrasts between productive and non-productive inflection. In this paper, we extend the model to derivational morphology. Our studies indicate that productive derivation shows affinities with both productive and non-productive inflection. We argue that these results support the linguistic distinction between derivation and inflection, particularly as it is represented in realization-based models of morphology

A Classification and Survey of Computer System Performance Evaluation Techniques

Classification and survey of computer system performance evaluation technique

Managing E. coli in Vegetable Wash Water

This study cooperated with commercial leafy green growers across Vermont and in nearby states to study the effect of different numbers of washes (rinses) and/or two sanitizer treatments on generic E. coli levels in wash water. The goal was to identify the practices which were most effective at reducing the risk of cross contamination. When farms with very high levels of E. coli in the first wash used a full rate of sanitizer, the levels were typically reduced to zero, but when a triple wash was used without sanitizer the E. coli levels were reduced, but not always to zero. This suggests that while triple washing can be effective at reducing E. coli in wash water with low incoming loads, it may not be sufficient for higher levels of incoming E. coli in wash water

Academic Achievement and Health Related Fitness Outcomes Among Kinesiology Majors

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Academic achievement has been shown to be related to health related fitness (HRF) performance among grade school and middle school children. However, very little is known about this relationship in college age students. The authors are not aware of any data available concerning HRF performance and those students seeking degrees in kinesiology. The purpose of this study was to determine if a relationship exists between academic achievement and HRF outcomes among kinesiology majors. METHODS: Health related fitness measurements were taken on 104 undergraduate Tarleton kinesiology majors. Students overall GPA was obtained by the supervising faculty member through approved methods and with any identifying information removed. Fitness measures included body composition, blood pressure, cardiorespiratory endurance (1.5 mile time), flexibility (sit-n-reach), and muscular strength and endurance. One and half mile run, sit ups, bench press, leg press, and the sit and reach were administered and ranked according to ACSM Guidelines (9th ed). Differences in HRF outcomes were analyzed using independent t-tests with significance set at p\u3c0.05. Pearson product correlation was used to evaluation relationships between GPA and HRF rankings. RESULTS: Relationships between HRF and GPA are presented in the table below. GPA and Health-Related Fitness Percentile Rankings (p\u3c0.05)* Student Characteristics Males (N=44) Females (N=50) GPA* 2.74 ± 0.49 2.95 ± 0.53 1.5 Mile Run (% Rank)* 59.1 ± 29.9 41.9 ± 28.9 Body Fat (% Rank)* 53.6 ± 30.4 34.5 ± 24.1 Leg Press Ratio (% Rank)* Flexibility (% Rank) Bench Press Ratio (% Rank) Sit-ups (% Rank) Systolic Blood Pressure* Diastolic Blood Pressure 83.8 ± 8.9 69.3 ± 17.3 49.5 ± 19.9 57.8 ± 24.1 126.3 ± 11.1 78.5 ± 7.6 87.6 ± 5.9 69.4 ± 16.1 46.5 ± 24.8 54.9 ± 24.5 117.6 ± 10.9 73.3 ± 10.0 CONCLUSION: In this subset, although females ranked higher relative to GPA, males performed better on several HRF measures. Further analysis to investigate HRF and GPA relationships

The informativeness of linguistic unit boundaries

Contemporary models of structural analysis tend to operate with discrete units at different linguistic levels. There is, however, considerable debate regarding the choice of units and the validity of the cues that guide their demarcation. At the level of grammatical analysis, this debate focuses largely on the status of words vs sub-word units and on the generality of the linguistic properties that mark each type of unit. This paper suggests that the status of a unit type can be evaluated in terms of its informativity A measure of informativity is obtained by assessing the influence that different unit boundary types have on text compressibility. The results obtained from this initial study support a pair of general conclusions. The first is that unit boundaries primarily reflect a statistical structure, and that the typological variability of linguistic cues reflects the fact that they serve a secondary reinforcing function. The second is that word boundaries are the most informative boundary type, and that the demarcation of words provides the most informative description of the regular patterns in a language

Spectral geometry, homogeneous spaces, and differential forms with finite Fourier series

Let G be a compact Lie group acting transitively on Riemannian manifolds M and N. Let p be a G equivariant Riemannian submersion from M to N. We show that a smooth differential form on N has finite Fourier series if and only if the pull back has finite Fourier series on

Cognitive approaches to uniformity and variability in morphology

This special issue of Cognitive Linguistics reexamines the notions of uniformity and variability within morphological systems from a cognitive linguistic standpoint. It challenges traditional perspectives that regard morphological variability as mere deviations from the norm, suggesting instead that such variability is systematic and shaped by external influences including language acquisition and processing constraints. The contributions in this issue promote a shift from isolated analysis to a holistic view of paradigms, classes, and systems, advocating for a framework where morphological structures are seen as integral to communicative and functional aspects of language. By accounting for the broad adaptive dynamics of language systems, the complex interplay between uniformity and variability is revealed as an inherent aspect of language usage

Increased systemic inflammation is associated with cardiac and vascular dysfunction over the first 12 weeks of antiretroviral therapy among undernourished, HIV-infected adults in Southern Africa.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.INTRODUCTION: Persistent systemic inflammation is associated with mortality among undernourished, HIV-infected adults starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa, but the etiology of these deaths is not well understood. We hypothesized that greater systemic inflammation is accompanied by cardiovascular dysfunction over the first 12 weeks of ART. METHODS: In a prospective cohort of 33 undernourished (body mass index <18.5 kg/m2) Zambian adults starting ART, we measured C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α receptor 1 (TNF-α R1), and soluble CD163 and CD14 at baseline and 12 weeks. An EndoPAT device measured the reactive hyperemia index (LnRHI; a measure of endothelial responsiveness), peripheral augmentation index (AI; a measure of arterial stiffness), and heart rate variability (HRV; a general marker of autonomic tone and cardiovascular health) at the same time points. We assessed paired changes in inflammation and cardiovascular parameters, and relationships independent of time point (adjusted for age, sex, and CD4+ T-cell count) using linear mixed models. RESULTS: Serum CRP decreased (median change -3.5 mg/l, p=0.02), as did TNF-α R1 (-0.31 ng/ml, p<0.01), over the first 12 weeks of ART. A reduction in TNF-α R1 over 12 weeks was associated with an increase in LnRHI (p=0.03), and a similar inverse relationship was observed for CRP and LnRHI (p=0.07). AI increased in the cohort as a whole over 12 weeks, and a reduction in sCD163 was associated with a rise in the AI score (p=0.04). In the pooled analysis of baseline and 12 week data, high CRP was associated with lower HRV parameters (RMSSD, p=0.01; triangular index, p<0.01), and higher TNF- α R1 accompanied lower HRV (RMSSD, p=0.07; triangular index, p=0.06). CONCLUSIONS: Persistent inflammation was associated with impaired cardiovascular health over the first 12 weeks of HIV treatment among undernourished adults in Africa, suggesting cardiac events may contribute to high mortality in this population.This work was supported by the Vanderbilt Meharry Center for AIDS Research (NIH grant number P30 AI54999); the NIH Fogarty International Center, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Blood, and Lung Institute, and National Institute of Mental Health, through the Vanderbilt-Emory-Cornell-Duke Consortium for Global Health Fellows (grant number R25 TW009337); the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (CTSA award number UL1TR000445) and the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (grant IP.2009.33011.004)