98 research outputs found
Refraction during incipient presbyopia:the Aston Longitudinal Assessment of Presbyopia (ALAP) study
Purpose: To investigate non-cycloplegic changes in refractive error prior to the onset of presbyopia. Methods: The Aston Longitudinal Assessment of Presbyopia (ALAP) study is a prospective 2.5 year longitudinal study, measuring objective refractive error using a binocular open-field WAM-5500 autorefractor at 6-month intervals in participants aged between 33 and 45 years. Results: From the 58 participants recruited, 51 participants (88%) completed the final visit. At baseline, 21 participants were myopic (MSE -3.25 ± 2.28 DS; baseline age 38.6 ± 3.1 years) and 30 were emmetropic (MSE −0.17 ± 0.32 DS; baseline age 39.0 ± 2.9 years). After 2.5 years, 10% of the myopic group experienced a hypermetropic shift (≥0.50 D), 5% a myopic shift (≥0.50 D) and 85% had no significant change in refraction (<0.50 D). From the emmetropic group, 10% experienced a hypermetropic shift (≥0.50 D), 3% a myopic shift (≥0.50 D) and 87% had no significant change in refraction (<0.50 D). In terms of astigmatism vectors, other than J45 (p < 0.001), all measures remained invariant over the study period. Conclusion: The incidence of a myopic shift in refraction during incipient presbyopia does not appear to be as large as previously indicated by retrospective research. The changes in axis indicate ocular astigmatism tends towards the against-the-rule direction with age. The structural origin(s) of the reported myopic shift in refraction during incipient presbyopia warrants further investigation
Fabrication of three-dimensional hydrogel scaffolds for modeling shunt failure by tissue obstruction in hydrocephalus
Characteristics associated with complete surgical resection of primary malignant mediastinal tumors
Diffusion tensor imaging with direct cytopathological validation: characterisation of decorin treatment in experimental juvenile communicating hydrocephalus
The Incidence of Xerophthalmia and Night-Blindness in the United States—A Gauge of Vitamin A Deficiency
Calcium antagonist (PY 108-068) treatment may further decrease flow in ischemic areas in acute stroke
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