Interception and Offshore Processing of Asylum Seekers: The International Law Dimensions

For decades the international community has conducted a delicate and politically charged balancing act trying to reconcile the inexorable increase in refugees-and the need to find permanent homes for them with the fundamental right of all countries to have secure frontiers. While the notion of non-refoulement remains fundamental to the treatment of asylum seekers, their rights vis A vis the states in which they seek asylum are significantly circumscribed by their alien status. States have a right to control entry to their territories. In the development of asylum law and policy, the central difficulty for states, and indeed the international community, is how to construct an appropriate balance between the urgent humanitarian demands to protect those who are genuinely in need of asylum, and the exclusion of those who do not qualify for humanitarian protection

The Community Nurse in Australia. Who are they? A rapid systematic review.

AimTo profile the community nurse in Australia.BackgroundThe need for nurses in the community health care sector is increasing in response to shorter hospital stays, an ageing population and chronic disease. The increase in demand has not been followed by appropriate workforce planning, leading to structural issues and lack of qualified nursing workforce in the community sector.EvaluationMEDLINE and ProQuest Public Health and grey literature were searched for records published between 2010-2020 relative to the profile of the community nurse in Australia. Twenty-five records (21 publications, two databases and two reports) were included in the review. Abstracted data followed the principles of workforce planning, and included demographics, qualifications and roles.Key issuesInconsistent definitions, self-reported data and a focus on practice nurses have contributed to data irregularities. Little is known about the specific aspects of community nursing work.ConclusionA lack of concrete data has over-shadowed a community nursing workforce crisis with implications for patients' health and safety across the lifespan.Implications for nursing managementThere is urgent need for nurse managers globally to refocus nursing recruitment to the community sector to maintain quality and ensure sustainability of the nursing workforce

A simple derivation of Kepler's laws without solving differential equations

Proceeding like Newton with a discrete time approach of motion and a geometrical representation of velocity and acceleration, we obtain Kepler's laws without solving differential equations. The difficult part of Newton's work, when it calls for non trivial properties of ellipses, is avoided by the introduction of polar coordinates. Then a simple reconsideration of Newton's figure naturally leads to en explicit expression of the velocity and to the equation of the trajectory. This derivation, which can be fully apprehended by beginners at university (or even before) can be considered as a first application of mechanical concepts to a physical problem of great historical and pedagogical interest

Phase II multicohort study of atezolizumab monotherapy in multiple advanced solid cancers

PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitor; Atezolizumab; Solid tumorsInhibidor del punto de control PD-L1; Atezolizumab; Tumores sólidosInhibidor del punt de control PD-L1; Atezolizumab; Tumors sòlidsBackground The programmed death-ligand 1 inhibitor atezolizumab had shown clinical activity against several advanced malignancies. Patients and methods This phase II, open-label basket study (NCT02458638) was conducted in 16 main cohorts of patients aged ≥18 years with stage III or IV solid tumors. In stage I, 12 patients were enrolled into each cohort. Treatment was atezolizumab 1200 mg intravenously every 3 weeks until loss of clinical benefit or unacceptable toxicity. The primary efficacy endpoint was the non-progression rate (NPR) at 18 weeks in treated, assessable patients. NPR ≤20% was not of interest for development as monotherapy, and NPR ≥40% was defined as the threshold of benefit/success. If ≥3 patients had non-progressive disease in stage I (interim analysis), 13 additional patients could be enrolled into stage II (final analysis). Secondary efficacy and safety endpoints were also evaluated. Results Overall, 474 patients were enrolled and treated; 433 were included in the efficacy set. Due partly to slow recruitment because of competing trials and limited efficacy at interim analyses, enrollment was stopped early, including in cohorts that passed stage I boundaries of success. NPR was >20% in five cohorts: cervical cancer {n = 27; NPR 44.4% [95% confidence interval (CI) 25.5% to 64.7%]}; follicular/papillary thyroid cancer [n = 11; 54.5% (95% CI 23.4% to 83.3%)]; thymoma [n = 13; 76.9% (95% CI: 46.2% to 95.0%)]; gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) and lung neuroendocrine tumors [NETs; n = 24; 41.7% (95% CI 22.1% to 63.4%)], and low/intermediate grade carcinoid GEP and lung NETs [n = 12; 58.3% (95% CI 27.7% to 84.8%)]. Treatment-related adverse events occurred in 55.3% of patients overall, and at grade 3, 4, and 5 in 10.3%, 1.7%, and 0.4%, respectively. Conclusions Atezolizumab monotherapy was effective in the cervical cancer cohort. The interim benefit threshold was crossed in patients with follicular/papillary thyroid cancer, thymoma, and GEP and lung NETs, but recruitment was stopped before these signals could be confirmed in stage II. Safety was consistent with previous findings.This study was supported by F. Hoffmann-La Roche (no grant number) who provided financial support for the conduct of study and were involved in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the article for publication. They also funded assistance with manuscript writing by a professional medical writer

First observations of the X-ray transient EXO 2030+375 with IBIS/ISGRI

We present a first INTEGRAL observation of the 42s transient X-ray pulsar EXO 2030+375 with IBIS/ISGRI. The source was detected during Cyg X-1 observations in December 2002. We analyzed observations during the outburst period from 9 to 21 December 2002 with a total exposure time of ~770 kiloseconds. EXO 2030+375 was almost always detected during single ~30 minute exposures in the 18-45 energy bands. The source light curve shows the characteristic outburst shape observed in this source.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures (1 in CMYK color), accepted by Astronomy and Astrophysics, INTEGRAL special issue, 200

Fracture properties characterization of nuclear fuel using micro-cantilever bending

International audienc