¿El Tiempo construye la Arquitectura?: Construcción y autoconstrucción en la arquitectura de vivienda social

Desde los años 60 del siglo XX aparecieron una serie de visiones alternativas sobre la relación entre construcción y arquitectura de vivienda de bajo coste. Éstas asumían la necesidad de idear sistemas que permitieran la participación del usuario en la construcción, transformación o ampliación de su casa en el tiempo, lo que produciría no sólo un mayor grado de identificación con el entorno, entre otros beneficios sociales, sino que garantizaría la producción de una arquitectura variada y diversa, opuesta al ideal de regularidad y repetición de las primeras aproximaciones modernas. América Latina ha sido el origen y destino de una buena parte de esas reflexiones. Con ellas se ha querido asimilar la construcción informal de vivienda como solución, y no como simple problema, respondiendo de paso al desborde y falta de recursos de las intervenciones públicas en el sector. El artículo revisa de manera crítica los orígenes culturales de estas aproximaciones (de John Ruskin a John Turner) y sus manifestaciones más recientes

Social Housing in Great Metropolitan Areas: A New Methodology for Integrated Quality Evaluation and Comparison.

Este artículo expone la primera aplicación experimental de un método para el análisis y la comparación de experiencias de vivienda social internacional en el contexto de las grandes áreas metropolitanas. El método, desarrollado en la Universidad Politécnica Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) desde 2009, se basa en la utilización de códigos gráficos y numéricos comunes y la integración de diferentes escalas de aproximación al entorno construido, de la vivienda y su arquitectura, a sus materiales de construcción y llegando más lejos, la ciudad. Además, los datos están vinculados a tres conceptos clave estrechamente relacionados con las condiciones específicas de las grandes áreas metropolitanas: la economía, la densidad y la diversidad. El objetivo final de la investigación es proporcionar una herramienta para la evaluación de la calidad de las viviendas sociales, optimización de recursos y un diseño innovador

El Pisito 2011

Analyzing residential architecture in Spain today signifies tackling a complex, apparently fragmentary situation, one that makes comment or criticism quite difficult. In the last few years authority over housing and city planning has been transferred to the regions,1 and each has developed its own framework of laws, its own regulations and requirements, and has shaped urban and regional development on the basis of its own criteria. In parallel, schools of architecture have multiplied, reaching many of the zones previously regarded as ?peripheral.? It is easy to understand how the old administrative centrality has given way to a more pluralistic situation closer to the specific problems of each city and region. As a result cultural differences have been accentuated, even compromising the possibility of speaking of an ?architecture Spanish? or reducing it to a mere summation or mosaic of local circumstances. Part of the debate of recent years has been focused on underlining these differences. This essay takes the opposite approach. The premise from which it starts out is that analysis of the phenomenon of ?residential architecture in Spain? makes it possible to acknowledge the survival of a cultural unity that explains the present and the recent past and that does not conflict with the diversity of local experiences

Residencia de Estudiantes Madrid

The Residencia de Estudiantes is a milestone in the history of modern Spanish culture, not only because of its prominent residents and guest lecturers (Einstein and Keynes, Le Corbusier and Gropius among many others), but also because of its architecture, designed by Antonio Flórez Urdapilleta. The project was deeply influenced by the Institución Libre de Enseñanza (Free Institute for Education), a pedagogical mission based on nineteenth-century liberalism and laicism. Flórez himself had been educated by the Institute, and translated its ideals of freedom, openness, health and austerity into architectural forms. Furthermore, Flórez’s Residencia anticipated the ambiguous reception of international modernity in Madrid, its influence and continuity to the present, defined by a ‘realist’ approach and the rational rework of traditional techniques like brick masonry

‘Als… je durft te dromen maar je niet door dromen laat leiden…’

It’s no surprise that Corbu would emphatically praise the monastic virtues – those associated with the well-known English college model – of a student residence such as the one built in Madrid between 1913 and 1918. Not for nothing had the committed first director of the Residencia, Alberto Jiménez Fraud, visited England in order to study the tutorial model between 1907 and 1909, and one of its tutors, Alfonso Reyes, would refer to the new complex as ‘Oxford and Cambridge in Madrid’. But appearances, as well as declarations, may in this case be deceiving. Planned by architect Antonio Flórez Urdapilleta and later completed by Francisco Javier de Luque, the Residencia de Estudiantes, if undoubtedly sharing grounds with the concept of the English college, also embodied a larger number of features in frank opposition to the latter. First and foremost, its pedagogical approach: the Institución Libre de Enseñanza (Free Institute of Education; ILE), which inspired the project, considered direct and personal experience of real life as the main source of knowledge, and architectural enclosure as a temporary and secondary stage in the learning process. One of the programmatic texts of the ILE made it clear, asserting that the pedagogical function of closed rooms ‘is analogous to the cabinet of the astronomer or engineer, archaeologist, historian, architect or politician: most of the data are not gathered inside these places, but outdoors, in the museum, in front of the monument, in society, in the archives . . . to sum up, in the midst of the open, varied and inexhaustible reality . . . Life is the first school, and the institution that bears such a high name should, within its limitations, get as close as possible to it’.Het is niet zo vreemd dat Corbu nadrukkelijk de kloosterlijke kwaliteiten prijst, die worden toegeschreven aan het welbekende Engelse college-model, van het tussen 1913 en 1918 in Madrid gebouwde studentenverblijf Residencia de Estudiantes. Het was niet voor niets dat de bevlogen eerste directeur van de Residencia, Alberto Jiménez Fraud zich in Engeland had opgehouden om daar tussen 1907 en 1909 het onderwijsmodel te bestuderen en dat één van de docenten, Alfonso Reyes, het nieuwe complex later ‘Oxford en Cambridge in Madrid’ zou noemen. Maar in dit geval kunnen schijn, en ook uitspraken, bedrieglijk zijn. Hoewel de Residencia de Estudiantes, naar een idee van architect Antonio Flórez Urdapilleta en later voltooid door Francisco Javier Luque, overeenkomsten vertoont met de Engelse colleges, belichaamt de instelling ook een groot aantal eigenschappen, dat daar radicaal van afwijkt. Om te beginnen is de pedagogische benadering anders. Bij de Institución Libre de Enseñanza (ILE, Onafhankelijk Onderwijsinstituut ) die het project had geïnitieerd, werd directe en persoonlijke levenservaring als de belangrijkste bron van kennis beschouwd, en ‘architectonische insluiting’ als een tijdelijke, minder belangrijke fase in het leerproces. In een tekst over het programma van de ILE werden er geen doekjes om gewonden en werd gesteld dat de pedagogische functie van gesloten kamers ‘analoog is aan (die van) de studeerkamer van de astronoom, de ingenieur, de archeoloog, de historicus, de politicus of de architect: de meeste gegevens worden niet dáár verzameld, maar buiten, in het museum, staand voor een monument, in de maatschappij, in de archieven … Kortom, midden in de open, gevarieerde en onuitputtelijke werkelijkheid … Het leven is ieders eerste school en elke instelling die zo’n verheven naam draagt, moet binnen haar beperkingen zo dicht mogelijk bij het leven staan’

”A pie de calle” (“Grassroots”): Social housing and urban regeneration

En febrero de 2012 el grupo de investigación NuTAC presentó la exposición "A pie de calle: vivienda social y regenera-ción urbana" en la sala Arquería de Nuevos Ministerios (Madrid). En ella se presentaba el segundo episodio del proyecto I+D+VS, dedicado al estudio de la vivienda social contemporánea en los procesos de regeneración urbana. Como es sabido, la regeneración urbana constituye un reto fundamental para el futuro de las ciudades, que influye de forma deci-siva en factores como la seguridad, la integración social, la protección del ambiente, el desarrollo económico y el em-pleo. “A pie de calle” propone aprender de la experiencia acumulada en ocho ciudades del mundo, ocho casos interna-cionales de regeneración urbana en los que la vivienda social asume distintos papeles y grados de protagonismo. La exposición presenta y analiza los casos de forma sistemática a través de un conjunto de dibujos, datos y conceptos que permiten la comparación. La incorporación de videoproyecciones permite, además, trabajar con el factor tiempo, decisi-vo en los procesos de regeneración urbana, y abandonar las visiones despegadas del terreno, tan frecuentes en el urbanismo, para recorrer la ciudad real o imaginada “a pie de calle”.In February 2012, the NuTAC research group presented the exhibition "Grassroots: social housing and urban regenera-tion" in the Arcade of the New Ministries (Madrid). The second episode of the I+D+VS project is set out, dedicated to the study of contemporary social housing in the processes of urban regeneration. It is well-known that urban regeneration 1holds the key for thefuture of cities, and has a decisive influence on factors such as security, social integration, protec-tion of the environment, development of the economy, and employment. This grassroots approach proposes learning from experience accumulated from eight cities worldwide: eight international cases of urban regeneration in which social housing assumes distinct roles and degrees of prominence. The exhibition presents and systematically analyses the cases through a set of drawings, data and concepts that enable their compari-son. The incorporation of video projections also allows the time factor to be incorporated, which is decisive in the proces-ses of urban regeneration, and those visions, so often encountered in urban planning, that are detached from reality to be abandoned, in order to explore the real or imagined “grassroots”.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España) HAR 2010-1806

Amphilimus- vs. zotarolimus-eluting stents in patients with diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease: the SUGAR trial

Aim: Patients with diabetes mellitus are at high risk of adverse events after percutaneous revascularization, with no differences in outcomes between most contemporary drug-eluting stents. The Cre8 EVO stent releases a formulation of sirolimus with an amphiphilic carrier from laser-dug wells, and has shown clinical benefits in diabetes. We aimed to compare Cre8 EVO stents to Resolute Onyx stents (a contemporary polymer-based zotarolimus-eluting stent) in patients with diabetes. Methods and results: We did an investigator-initiated, randomized, controlled, assessor-blinded trial at 23 sites in Spain. Eligible patients had diabetes and required percutaneous coronary intervention. A total of 1175 patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive Cre8 EVO or Resolute Onyx stents. The primary endpoint was target-lesion failure, defined as a composite of cardiac death, target-vessel myocardial infarction, and clinically indicated target-lesion revascularization at 1-year follow-up. The trial had a non-inferiority design with a 4% margin for the primary endpoint. A superiority analysis was planned if non-inferiority was confirmed. There were 106 primary events, 42 (7.2%) in the Cre8 EVO group and 64 (10.9%) in the Resolute Onyx group [hazard ratio (HR) 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.44 to 0.96; pnon-inferiority <0.001; psuperiority = 0.030]. Among the secondary endpoints, Cre8 EVO stents had significantly lower rate than Resolute Onyx stents of target-vessel failure (7.5% vs 11.1%, HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.99; p = 0.042). Probable or definite stent thrombosis and all-cause death were not significantly different between groups. Conclusions: In patients with diabetes, Cre8 EVO stents were non-inferior to Resolute Onyx stents with regard to target-lesion failure composite outcome. An exploratory analysis for superiority at 1 year suggests that the Cre8 EVO stents might be superior to Resolute Onyx stents with regard to the same outcome

Accurate and timely diagnosis of Eosinophilic Esophagitis improves over time in Europe. An analysis of the EoE CONNECT Registry

BACKGROUND: Poor adherence to clinical practice guidelines for eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) has been described and the diagnostic delay of the disease continues to be unacceptable in many settings. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the impact of improved knowledge provided by the successive international clinical practice guidelines on reducing diagnostic delay and improving the diagnostic process for European patients with EoE. METHODS: Cross‐sectional analysis of the EoE CONNECT registry based on clinical practice. Time periods defined by the publication dates of four major sets of guidelines over 10 years were considered. Patients were grouped per time period according to date of symptom onset. RESULTS: Data from 1,132 patients was analyzed and median (IQR) diagnostic delay in the whole series was 2.1 (0.7‐6.2) years. This gradually decreased over time with subsequent release of new guidelines (p < 0.001), from 12.7 years up to 2007 to 0.7 years after 2017. The proportion of patients with stricturing of mixed phenotypes at the point of EoE diagnosis also decreased over time (41.3% vs. 16%; p < 0.001), as did EREFS scores. The fibrotic sub‐score decreased from a median (IQR) of 2 (1‐2) to 0 (0‐1) when patients whose symptoms started up to 2007 and after 2017 were compared (p < 0.001). In parallel, symptoms measured with the Dysphagia Symptoms Score reduced significantly when patients with symptoms starting before 2007 and after 2012 were compared. A reduction in the number of endoscopies patients underwent before the one that achieved an EoE diagnosis, and the use of allergy testing as part of the diagnostic workout of EoE, also reduced significantly over time (p = 0.010 and p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: The diagnostic work‐up of EoE patients improved substantially over time at the European sites contributing to EoE CONNECT, with a dramatic reduction in diagnostic delay

Diplomatura Diseño y Gestión de Emprendimientos de Turismo Rural : estrategias de agregado de valor a la producción agropecuaria

Trabajos Finales de Integración y Transferencia, Cohorte Cerro Colorado (Diplomatura Diseño y Gestión de Emprendimientos de Turismo Rural) -- UNC- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2019En esta compilación se presentan una selección de cinco (5) trabajos realizados por los alumnos de la Cohorte de la Diplomatura desarrollada en la localidad de Cerro Colorado que involucra a proyectos en los Departamentos Río Seco, Sobremonte y Tulumba (Noroeste de la provincia de Córdoba, Argentina). El primer proyecto “Tulumba y sus sendas” trata de los diferentes circuitos turísticos en la Villa de Tulumba (Departamento Tulumba); el segundo, denominado “Vivencias camperas” propone vivenciar un día de campo en el establecimiento El Bordo situado en el Departamento Río Seco. El tercer proyecto plantea una “Raíz red turística” que comprende las localidades de Caminiaga, Cerro Colorado, Pozo Nuevo, San Francisco del Chañar y Villa María de Río Seco (Departamentos Río Seco y Sobremonte). “La huella de Don Ata”, en cuarto lugar, plantea un proyecto educativo relacionado al senderismo en la Comuna del Cerro Colorado. Finalmente, en “Soy el Mapa”, los autores proyectan el diseño de un cartel de interpretación ordenado en un solo punto que permita mostrar al turista los lugares relevantes del Cerro Colorado