Efectos del riego deficitario controlado en ciruelo japonés sobre la calidad del fruto en recolección

Poster presentado al XXXVII Congreso Nacional de Riegos, celebrado en Don Benito del 4 al 6 de Junio de 2019 y organizada por la Asociación Española de Riegos y Drenajes y la Universidad de ExtremaduraEl objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar cómo influye el estrés hídrico en prescosecha, en duferentes momentos de crecimiento del fruto e intensidad del estrés, sobre la calidad del fruto en recolección de ciruelo japonés var. Angeleno.AGA0001 Proyectp GR18196, Proyecto CCESAGROS "Sostenibilidad de las producciones hortofrutícolas en los regadíos de Extremadura

Plantación de higuera en lisímetro de pesada para determinación de las necesidades hídricas del cultivo

Poster presentada al XXXVII Congreso Nacional de Riegos, celebrado en Don Benito del 4 al 6 de Junio de 2019 y organizada por la Asociación Española de Riegos y Drenajes y la Universidad de ExtremaduraEl objetivo de este trabajo es cuantificar el uso del agua del cultivo de la higuera en los primeros años de plantación, con riego por goteo y sin limitaciones de agua, utilizando un lisímetro de pesada.Junta de Extremadura y Fondos FEDER: AGA001 Proyecto GR18196, Proyecto CCESAGROS “Sostenibilidad de las producciones hortofrutícolas en los regadíos de Extremadur

Stress coefficients for soil water balance combined with water stress indicators for irrigation scheduling of woody crops

Concept PaperThere are several causes for the failure of empirical models to estimate soil water depletion and to calculate irrigation depths, and the problem is particularly critical in tall, uneven, deficit irrigated (DI) crops in Mediterranean climates. Locally measured indicators that quantify water status are useful for addressing those causes and providing feed-back information for improving the adequacy of simple models. Because of their high aerodynamic resistance, the canopy conductance of woody crops is an important factor in determining evapotranspiration (ET), and accurate stress coefficient (Ks) values are needed to quantify the impact of stomatal closure on ET. A brief overview of basic general principles for irrigation scheduling is presented with emphasis on DI applications that require Ks modelling. The limitations of existing technology related to scheduling of woody crops are discussed, including the shortcomings of plant-based approaches. In relation to soil water deficit and/or predawn leaf water potential, several woody crop Ks functions are presented in a secondary analysis. Whenever the total and readily available water data were available, a simple Ks model was tested. The ultimate aim of this discussion is to illustrate the central concept: that a combination of simple ET models and water stress indicators is required for scheduling irrigation of deep-rooted woody cropsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Essential Role of TGF-β/Smad Pathway on Statin Dependent Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Regulation

BACKGROUND: The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase inhibitors (also called statins) exert proven beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases. Recent data suggest a protective role for Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-beta) in atherosclerosis by regulating the balance between inflammation and extracellular matrix accumulation. However, there are no studies about the effect of statins on TGF-beta/Smad pathway in atherosclerosis and vascular cells. METHODOLOGY: In cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) statins enhanced Smad pathway activation caused by TGF-beta. In addition, statins upregulated TGF-beta receptor type II (TRII), and increased TGF-beta synthesis and TGF-beta/Smad-dependent actions. In this sense, statins, through Smad activation, render VSMCs more susceptible to TGF-beta induced apoptosis and increased TGF-beta-mediated ECM production. It is well documented that high doses of statins induce apoptosis in cultured VSMC in the presence of serum; however the precise mechanism of this effect remains to be elucidated. We have found that statins-induced apoptosis was mediated by TGF-beta/Smad pathway. Finally, we have described that RhoA inhibition is a common intracellular mechanisms involved in statins effects. The in vivo relevance of these findings was assessed in an experimental model of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E deficient mice: Treatment with Atorvastatin increased Smad3 phosphorylation and TRII overexpression, associated to elevated ECM deposition in the VSMCs within atheroma plaques, while apoptosis was not detected. CONCLUSIONS: Statins enhance TGF-beta/Smad pathway, regulating ligand levels, receptor, main signaling pathway and cellular responses of VSMC, including apoptosis and ECM accumulation. Our findings show that TGF-beta/Smad pathway is essential for statins-dependent actions in VSMCs

D1.2 Handbook of multi-hazard, multi-risk definitions and concepts

This report is the first output of Work Package 1: Diagnosis of the MYRIAD-EU project: Handbook of Multi-hazard, Multi-Risk Definitions and Concepts. The aim of the task was to (i) acknowledge the differences and promote consistency in understanding across subsequent work packages in the MYRIAD-EU project, (ii) improve the accessibility of our work to a broad array of stakeholders and (iii) strengthen consensus across the hazard and risk community through a common understanding of multi-hazard, multi-risk terminology and concepts. The work encompassed a mixed-methods approach, including internal consultations and data-generating exercises; literature reviews; external stakeholder engagement; adopting and building on a rich existing body of established glossaries. 140 terms are included in the glossary, 102 related to multi-hazard, multi-risk, disaster risk management and an additional 38 due to their relevance to the project, acknowledging the need for a common understanding amongst an interdisciplinary project consortium. We also include extended definitions related to concepts particularly of relevance to this project deliverable, including ‘multi-hazard’, ‘hazard interrelationships’, ‘multi-risk’ and ‘direct and indirect loss and risk’. Underpinned by a literature review and internal consultation, we include a specific section on indicators, how these might be applied within a multi-hazard and multi-risk context, and how existing indicators could be adapted to consider multi-risk management. We emphasise that there are a number of established glossaries that the project (and risk community) should make use of to strengthen the impact of the work we do, noting in our literature review a tendency in papers and reports to define words afresh. We conclude the report with a selection of key observations, including terminology matters – for all aspects of disaster risk management, for example communication, data collection, measuring progress and reporting against Sendai Framework targets. At the same time, we discuss when is it helpful to include ‘multi-‘ as a prefix, questioning whether part of the paradigm shift needed to successfully address complex challenges facing an interconnected world is through inherently seeing vulnerability, exposure and disaster risk through the lens of multiple, interrelated hazards. We emphasise that there is likely to be an evolution of the terminology throughout the project lifetime as terms are emerge or shift as the project evolves. Finally, we propose a roadmap for developing and testing draft multi-risk indicators in MYRIAD-EU. The WP1 team would like to acknowledge all the contributions of the consortium on this task and the feedback from the External Advisory Board, in particular the chair of the board Virginia Murray, Head of Global Disaster Risk Reduction at the UK Health Security Agency, and the contribution of Jenty Kirsch-Wood, Head of Global Risk Management and Reporting at UNDRR, for her reflections on the findings of this work

Efecto de la aplicación de diferentes episodios de estrés hídrico sobre el comportamiento fisiológico del ciruelo japonés tardío en Extremadura

Tesis por compendio de publicacionesEste trabajo profundiza en el conocimiento fisiológico del “Prunus salicina” Lindl. cv Angeleno, frutal con gran importancia económica en Extremadura, susceptible a mejoras en el manejo de las estrategias de riego y del que, en la actualidad hay poca bibliografía acerca de su comportamiento hídrico y su respuesta a periodos de déficit. Un primer estudio del comportamiento hídrico de este cultivar sirvió para establecer los indicadores hídricos que mejor se adaptan al mismo. A lo largo de ocho años de estudio se han establecido tres estrategias de riego en una plantación de “Prunus salicina” Lindl. Angeleno: una estrategia control reemplazando las necesidades hídricas del cultivo, una estrategia de riego deficitario controlado que se ha validado en otros frutales de hueso y una tercera estrategia adaptada al comportamiento ecofisiológico del cultivar gracias a un estudio previo sobre la misma plantación. En todos los tratamientos se estudió la respuesta del árbol a los periodos de estrés y las repercusiones en la producción, el tamaño final y calidad del fruto. Los trabajos realizados en este documento suponen un avance en el conocimiento del comportamiento fisiológico del ciruelo japonés cv ‘Angleno y el desarrollo del fruto permitiendo gestionar de manera más eficaz las estrategias de riego diseñadas para este cultivar, ofreciendo un mejor aprovechamiento en el uso del agua sin suponer reducción de las producciones (kg ha‾¹) o tamaño final del fruto.This work deepens the physiological knowledge of “Prunus salicina” Lindl. cv Angeleno, a fruit tree with great economic importance in Extremadura, susceptible to improvements in the management of irrigation strategies and of which, at present, there is little bibliography about its water behavior and its response to periods of deficit. A first study of the water behavior of this cultivar served to establish the hydric indicators with best fit to it. Throughout eight years of study three irrigation strategies have been established in a plantation of “Prunus salicina” Lindl. Angeleno: a control strategy replacing the crop water needs, a controlled deficit irrigation strategy that has been validated in other stone fruit tres and a third strategy adapted to the ecophysiological behavior of the cultivar thanks to a previous study on the same plantation. In all treatments, the response of the tree to periods of stress and the repercussions on production, final size and quality of the fruit were studied. The work carried out in this document represents an advance in the knowledge of the physiological behavior of the Japanese plum tree cv 'Angleno and the development of the fruit, making it possible to manage more efficiently the irrigation strategies designed for this cultivar, offering better use of water without reducing production (kg ha‾¹) or the final size of the fruit.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA): Beca de Formación de Personal Investigador (CPR-2014-0148), Proyecto RTA2013-00045-C04-02, RTA2009-0026-C02-02 · Junta de Extremadura y FEDER. Proyecto CCESAGRO

Efecto de la aplicación de diferentes episodios de estrés hídrico sobre el comportamiento fisiológico del ciruelo japonés tardío en Extremadura

Tesis por compendio de publicacionesEste trabajo profundiza en el conocimiento fisiológico del “Prunus salicina” Lindl. cv Angeleno, frutal con gran importancia económica en Extremadura, susceptible a mejoras en el manejo de las estrategias de riego y del que, en la actualidad hay poca bibliografía acerca de su comportamiento hídrico y su respuesta a periodos de déficit. Un primer estudio del comportamiento hídrico de este cultivar sirvió para establecer los indicadores hídricos que mejor se adaptan al mismo. A lo largo de ocho años de estudio se han establecido tres estrategias de riego en una plantación de “Prunus salicina” Lindl. Angeleno: una estrategia control reemplazando las necesidades hídricas del cultivo, una estrategia de riego deficitario controlado que se ha validado en otros frutales de hueso y una tercera estrategia adaptada al comportamiento ecofisiológico del cultivar gracias a un estudio previo sobre la misma plantación. En todos los tratamientos se estudió la respuesta del árbol a los periodos de estrés y las repercusiones en la producción, el tamaño final y calidad del fruto. Los trabajos realizados en este documento suponen un avance en el conocimiento del comportamiento fisiológico del ciruelo japonés cv ‘Angleno y el desarrollo del fruto permitiendo gestionar de manera más eficaz las estrategias de riego diseñadas para este cultivar, ofreciendo un mejor aprovechamiento en el uso del agua sin suponer reducción de las producciones (kg ha‾¹) o tamaño final del fruto.This work deepens the physiological knowledge of “Prunus salicina” Lindl. cv Angeleno, a fruit tree with great economic importance in Extremadura, susceptible to improvements in the management of irrigation strategies and of which, at present, there is little bibliography about its water behavior and its response to periods of deficit. A first study of the water behavior of this cultivar served to establish the hydric indicators with best fit to it. Throughout eight years of study three irrigation strategies have been established in a plantation of “Prunus salicina” Lindl. Angeleno: a control strategy replacing the crop water needs, a controlled deficit irrigation strategy that has been validated in other stone fruit tres and a third strategy adapted to the ecophysiological behavior of the cultivar thanks to a previous study on the same plantation. In all treatments, the response of the tree to periods of stress and the repercussions on production, final size and quality of the fruit were studied. The work carried out in this document represents an advance in the knowledge of the physiological behavior of the Japanese plum tree cv 'Angleno and the development of the fruit, making it possible to manage more efficiently the irrigation strategies designed for this cultivar, offering better use of water without reducing production (kg ha‾¹) or the final size of the fruit.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA): Beca de Formación de Personal Investigador (CPR-2014-0148), Proyecto RTA2013-00045-C04-02, RTA2009-0026-C02-02 · Junta de Extremadura y FEDER. Proyecto CCESAGRO

The effect of irrigation regime on histological parameters of Japanese plum fruits (‘Angeleno’).

The response of fruit growth to irrigation depends on the cellular processes which form the fruit. We compared plum mesocarp (pulp) growth and development under two irrigation regimes: full irrigation (FI) that provided 100% of estimated crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) without irrigation from 56 to 120 days after full bloom (DAFB) and full irrigation for the rest of the season. The experiment was performed in 2012 in a high-density plum (Prunus salicina ‘Angeleno’, on Mariana 2624 rootstock) orchard in La Orden regional experimental station (Extremadura, southwest Spain). Fruit central transverse mesocarp sections were observed by microscope, and mesocarp area, mesocarp cell number and mesocarp cells area determined at the onset of the deficit period (70 DAFB), the end of that period (120 DAFB) and at harvest (180 DAFB). Following the deficit period, fruit fresh weight in the deficit treatment was 68% of fully irrigated and mesocarp area, mesocarp cell number and mesocarp cells area were 31, 17 and 18% less, respectively. At harvest the deficit irrigated fruits had partially recovered, reaching 80% fresh weight of the control, and all cellular parameters and tissue sizes were similar to the fully irrigated fruits. These results confirm the capacity for plum fruit growth recovery following mid-season water stress, and that both cell and tissue processes contribute to recovery

Influencia de diversas estrategias de riego deficitario sobre compuestos bioactivos en ciruelas del cv. Angeleno

Resumen del trabajo presentado al XII Simposio Nacional y X Ibérico de Maduración y Postcosecha (POST18), celebrado en Badajoz del 4 al 7 de junio de 2018.La ciruela (Prunus salicina Lindl.) cv. Angeleno es rica en compuestos bioactivos (antioxidantes, anticancerígenos, etc.). Las estrategias de riego deficitario controlado son una opción interesante para optimizar el uso del agua, y de especial interés en zonas con recursos limitados. No obstante, al someter al cultivo a periodos de estrés es importante valorar el efecto de los mismos, tanto en la productividad de los árboles, como en las características de los frutos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la influencia de distintas estrategias de riego en el perfil de polifenoles de las ciruelas. Los frutos recibieron 3 tratamientos de riego: un Control, cubriendo completamente las necesidades hídricas de los árboles durante el periodo de vegetación y 2 tratamientos deficitarios, uno al que se suprimió el riego en la fase de endurecimiento del hueso y otro al que se redujo la dosis de riego 15 días antes de recolección, regándose igual al control el resto del cultivo. Se separó la piel y pulpa de 60 frutos de cada tratamiento, obteniendo los polifenoles mediante una doble extracción con MeOH-Hp y Acetona-Hp, los cuales se analizaron por HPLC-MS. La piel mostró una concentración muy superior de polifenoles a la pulpa. Los frutos estresados mostraron un 25% y 150% más de antocianas que el control, con mayor efecto del estrés en endurecimiento del hueso, incrementándose también los flavonoles con el estrés (1 07% y 117%). Lo mismo ocurrió con los ácidos hidroxicinámicos con un aumento con respecto a los de riego óptimo de 120% y 150%. No se detectaron diferencias debidas al estrés hídrico en los flavanoles. Se concluye que las estrategias de riego deficitario se presentan como una práctica interesante no sólo por aumentar la eficiencia en el uso del agua de riego sino también para producir frutos con mayores propiedades nutricionales.Peer Reviewe