The Argaric Bronze Age in Iberia.

74 (1-2) Jan.-Jun. 1964, p. 129-142

Surveillance, State Violence and Resistance: A History of “Dangerous Incidents” between Police Officers and Black Individuals in the United States

[From the introduction]:This thesis will seek to explore racialised surveillance and Black resistance to this surveillance in both historical and contemporary forms in the United States. At its core, this research will argue that racialised surveillance and the resistance that it is met with exist in a continuum, rather than being a new and contemporary phenomenon. I seek to open up avenues of research such as: has the “death of the spectacle” of punishment truly occurred as Michel Foucault suggested? What is the connection between racialised surveillance and violence? Is there an alternative racialised account of the formation of the surveillance state in the U.S.? And how do members of American law enforcement respond to acts of civilian sousveillance that are enabled by modern technological developments? This thesis will engage with Surveillance Studies, historical scholarship and primary sources, as well as Critical Race Theory in order to answer these questions and more relating to “dangerous incidents” between police officers and Black individuals. Even if we assume that individuals are “protected” from police malpractice and violence by surveillance technologies such as dashboard cameras, the state is still regularly able to neutralise the impact of any footage that might be captured and excuse their actions in order to avoid any severe consequences

Quantum machine learning for particle physics using a variational quantum classifier

Quantum machine learning aims to release the prowess of quantum computing to improve machine learning methods. By combining quantum computing methods with classical neural network techniques we aim to foster an increase of performance in solving classification problems. Our algorithm is designed for existing and near-term quantum devices. We propose a novel hybrid variational quantum classifier that combines the quantum gradient descent method with steepest gradient descent to optimise the parameters of the network. By applying this algorithm to a resonance search in di-top final states, we find that this method has a better learning outcome than a classical neural network or a quantum machine learning method trained with a non-quantum optimisation method. The classifiers ability to be trained on small amounts of data indicates its benefits in data-driven classification problems

The origin and development of the Early Bronze Age in the Iberian Peninsula

The scope of this thesis is to examine the origin and development of the bronze age cultures in the Iberian Peninsula, from the beginning of Los Nillares until into the Argaric bronze age. It was intended to include the whole Peninsula, excluding the Balearic Islands, but, for various reasons, including the lack of material, the main emphasis is on the southern part. The reason for choosing this particular period was the fact that the area had never been intensively studied as a whole in this connection, though there are many studies on different aspects of it - for example, on the megalithic graves, or on the Argar culture. It was felt that a new survey of the area, from the time of Los j'iillares until the development of El Argar, would throw new light on the origins of the different cultures, their relationships to one another, and their development pattern.Before commencing a study of the bronze age cultures, it was necessary to know what had happened during the neolithic in the Peninsula and the thesis, therefore, commences with a brief discussion of the neolithic cultures.As the thesis concerned the bronze age cultures, especial attention was paid to the bronze implements of the period, the majority of which are unpublished stray finds, and distribution maps were made of these in order to bring out main centres of metal working in the different prehistoric periods

Searching for New Physics using Classical and Quantum Machine Learning

The development of machine learning (ML) has provided the High Energy Physics (HEP) community with new methods of analysing collider and Monte-Carlo generated data. As experiments are upgraded to generate an increasing number of events, classical techniques can be supplemented with ML to increase our ability to find signs of New Physics in the high-dimensional event data. This thesis presents three methods of performing supervised and unsupervised searches using novel ML methods. The first depends on the use of an autoencoder to perform an unsupervised anomaly detection search. We demonstrate that this method allows you to carry out a data-driven, model-independent search for New Physics. Furthermore, we show that by extending the model with an adversary we can account for systematic errors that may arise from experiments. The second method develops a form of quantum machine learning to be applied to a supervised search. Using a variational quantum classifier (a neural network style model built from quantum information principles) we demonstrate a quantum advantage arises when compared to a classical network. Finally, we make use of the continuous-variable (CV) paradigm of quantum computing to build an unsupervised method of classifying events stored as graph data. Gaussian boson sampling provides an example of a quantum advantage unique to the CV method of quantum computing and allows our events to be used in an anomaly detector model built using the Q-means clustering algorithm

Sobre o uso de torreões nas muralhas de recintos fortificados do 3.º milénio a. c.

67 (1-2) Jan.-Jun. 1957, p. 169-177

Cerâmica estriada.

69 (3-4) Jul.-Dez. 1959, p. 459-464

MDMA attenuates phase shifts of the circadian clock to the GABAB agonist baclofen

The mammalian suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus is the site of a circadian pacemaker that drives many rhythms of behaviour and physiology. The pacemaker displays a period of approximately 24 hours and can be entrained to external conditions by a variety of environmental cues. The principle entraining cue is the daily light-dark cycle but other non-photic stimuli can also reset the phase. In rodents, the pacemaker is sensitive to photic influences during the night while non-photic stimuli are only effective in resetting the pacemaker during the day. One afferent pathway to the SCN originating in the median raphe nucleus contains serotonin (5-HT) and has been implicated in the mediation of non-photic phase shifting of the pacemaker. Disruption of this pathway by neurotoxins can result in alteration of several parameters of circadian rhythmicity. Application of 5-HT or its receptor agonists during the day results in phase advances of pacemaker period. A role for the neurotransmitter -amino butyric acid (GABA) in circadian rhythmicity has also been shown. The GABAB receptor agonist baclofen has been shown to phase advance the pacemaker during the day in a manner similar to 5-HT. Baclofen has also been shown to result in an increase in the release of newly synthesised 5-HT within the SCN area during the day. The substituted amphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a common drug of misuse as well as being a selective 5-HT neurotoxin. At neurotoxic doses it is known to result in degeneration of 5-HT terminal areas. In this study, the magnitude of phase shifts due to daytime injection of baclofen to Syrian hamsters maintained in constant darkness was compared before and after administration of a neurotoxic dose of MDMA. Immunohistochemical techniques were employed to quantify neurotoxic damage to the 5-HTergic terminal field within the SCN and cell bodies within the raphe nuclei. It was found that the magnitude of baclofen induced phase advances during the day were significantly greater than phase shifts induced by control injections of saline at the same time. There was a significant difference between the magnitude of phase advances to baclofen before and after treatment with MDMA. The difference in density of immunohistochemical staining for 5-HT was also different between MDMA treated animals and untreated controls. These results imply there may be interaction between the GABAergic and 5-HTergic systems within the circadian system for mediation of non-photic phase shifting of the pacemaker during the day in rodents