An Ecological Study of Timberline and Alpine Areas, Mount Lincoln, Park County, Colorado

During the short alpine growing season of 1945 the authors had the opportunity of studying conditions and biota on Mount Lincoln, Park County, Colorado, in an attempt to evaluate the ecological conditions and animal communities of the area. Of the large amount of taxonomic and ecological zoology published on the state, most has been in the field of autecology, and, except in the province of aquatic studies, little has appeared bearing on synecological relations, especially among invertebrates. The marked differences between the physiography, climatology, and biology of timberline, alpine, and other stations seemed to offer a field well worthy of investigation. Since the work was done, other factors have been introduced which have greatly altered the nearly primitive conditions encountered at the time of the investigation. One of the areas has been entirely destroyed by the formation of a water storage lake, and others have been affected through heavy summer grazing by bands of sheep. The material published on the Mount Lincoln area is very limited. Cary (1911) was concerned with similar areas in other parts of the state, but apparently he did not work around the mountains at the head of the South Platte. The most detailed paper on the region is that of Patton and his collaborators (1912) which covers the physiography very completely. There are scattered references to the animal life of the vicinity in Coues (1874), Sclater (1912), Warren (1942), and elsewhere. The most complete published reports on the animal life of the region are those of Brewer (1871) and Allen (1872, 1876a, 1876b); the first of Allen\u27s papers is the source of most of Coues\u27 references to the Mount Lincoln avifauna. None of these papers deals with the invertebrates, save for comments by Brewer on the relative abundance of certain orders of insects

A few weight systems arising from intersection graphs

We show that the adjacency matrices of the intersection graphs of chord diagrams satisfy the 2-term relations of Bar-Natan and Garoufalides [bg], and hence give rise to weight systems. Among these weight systems are those associated with the Conway and HOMFLYPT polynomials. We extend these ideas to looking at a space of {\it marked} chord diagrams modulo an extended set of 2-term relations, define a set of generators for this space, and again derive weight systems from the adjacency matrices of the (marked) intersection graphs. Among these weight systems are those associated with the Kauffman polynomial.Comment: 20 pages. This version has been substantially revised. The results are largely the same, but the proofs have been reconceptualized in terms of various 2-term relations on chord diagrams and graph

Reasons to Not Believe (and Reasons to Act)

In “Reasons to Believe and Reasons to Act,” Stewart Cohen argues that balance of reasons accounts of rational action get the wrong results when applied to doxastic attitudes, and that there are therefore important differences between reasons to believe and reasons to act. In this paper, I argue that balance of reasons accounts of rational action get the right results when applied to the cases that Cohen considers, and that these results highlight interesting similarities between reasons to believe and reasons to act. I also consider an argument for Cohen's conclusion based on the principle that Adler, Moran, Shah, Velleman and others call “transparency.” I resist this argument by explaining why transparency is itself doubtful

Rare FCNC top, beauty and charm decays

Rare flavour changing neutral current (FCNC) decays of top, beauty and charm quarks can provide a powerful probe for as yet unobserved particles. Recent results on FCNC $b \to s$, $c \to u$ and $t$ transitions from the LHC experiments are reviewed. Particular attention is paid to the angular distribution of the $B^{0} \to K^{*0} \mu^{+} \mu^{-}$ decay, where a measurement performed by LHCb shows a local discrepancy of 3.7 standard deviations with respect to the SM prediction. Using the decay $B^{+} \to K^{+}\pi^{-}\pi^{+}\gamma$, LHCb have also been able to demonstrate the polarisation of photons produced in $b \to s\gamma$ transitions. More work is needed both experimentally and theoretically to understand if the Standard Model description of these rare FCNC processes is correct.Comment: Proceedings for LHCP 2014 conferenc

Multichannel wireway adapter box

Adapter box provides continuous separation of different electrical leads at points where their runs must intersect. Thus, multichannel conduits of standard commercial design may be used in a manner that prevents crossing of wire leads carrying different currents where the runs intersect and change direction

Methane, CFCs, and Other Greenhouse Gases

Our planet is continuously bathed in solar radiation. Although we who are confined to a fixed location on the globe experience day and night, the earth does not. It is always day in the sense that the sun is shining on half of the globe. Much of the incoming solar radiation, about 30%, is scattered back to space by clouds, atmospheric gases and particles, and objects on the earth. The remaining 70% is, therefore, absorbed mostly at the earth's surface. This absorbed radiation gives up its energy to whatever absorbed it, thereby causing its temperature to increase. Because solar radiation is absorbed continuously by the earth, it might be supposed that its temperature should continue to increase. It does not, of course, because the earth also emits radiation, the spectral distribution of which is quite different from that of the incoming solar radiation. The higher the earth's temperature, the more infrared radiation it emits. At a sufficiently high temperature, the total rate of emission of infrared radiation equals the rate of absorption of solar radiation. Radiative equilibrium has been achieved, although it is a dynamic equilibrium: absorption and emission go on continuously at equal rates. The temperature at which this occurs is called the radiative equilibrium temperature of the earth. This is an average temperature, not the temperature at any one location or at any one time. It is merely the temperature that the earth, as a blackbody, must have in order to emit as much radiant energy as the earth absorbs solar energy