Antiplasmodial activity of some phenolic compounds from Cameroonians Allanblackia

Background: Plasmodium falciparum, one of the causative agents of malaria, has high adaptability through mutation and is resistant to many types of anti-malarial drugs. This study presents an in vitro assessment of the antiplasmodial activity of some phenolic compounds isolated from plants of the genus Allanblackia . Methods: Tests were performed on well plates filled with a fixed parasitized erythrocytes volume. Compounds to be tested were then added in wells. After incubation, tritiated hypoxanthine is added and the plates were returned to the incubator. After thawing, the nucleic acids are collected. Inhibitory Concentration 50 (IC50) was determined by linear interpolation. Results: From Allanblackia floribunda , have been isolated and characterized 1,7-dihydroxyxanthone 1, macluraxanthone 4, morelloflavone 9, Volkensiflavone 10 and morelloflavone 7-O-glucoside 11; from Allanblackia monticola, \u3b1-mangosine 2, rubraxanthone 3, allaxanthone C 5, norcowanine 6 , tovophiline A 7, allaxanthone B 8 and from Allanblackia gabonensis , 1,7-dihydroxyxanthone 1. Six of them were evaluated for their antimalarial properties. The most active compound, macluraxanthone, presented a very interesting activity, with an IC50 of 0.36 and 0.27 \u3bcg/mL with the F32 and FcM29 strains respectively. Conclusion: This work confirms that species of Allanblackia genus are medicinally important plants containing many biologically active compounds that can be used effectively as antiplasmodial

Three new pentacyclic triterpenoids from twigs of Manniophyton fulvum (Euphorbiaceae)

Phytochemical investigation of the methanol extracts of the twigs of Manniophyton fulvum has led to the isolation and characterization of three new pentacyclic triterpenoids, designated as 3α,28-dihydroxyfriedelan-1-one (1), manniotaraxerol A (3) and manniotaraxerol B (4), along with fourteen known compounds, 3α-hydroxy-1-oxofriedelane (2), betulinic acid (5), friedelin (S1), taraxerol (S2), a mixture of stigmasterol (S3) and β-sitosterol (S4), herranone (S5), docosanoic acid (S6), ursolic acid (S7), nasutin B (S8), bergenin (S9), stigmasterol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (S10), 1,2-di-O-palmitoyl-3-O-(6-sulfo-α-d-quinovopyranosyl)glycerol (S11), and aridanin (S12). The structures of all compounds were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses (1D and 2D NMR, EI and ESI-MS). 3α,28-Dihydroxyfriedelan-1-one (1), 3α-hydroxy-1-oxofriedelane (2), manniotaraxerol A (3), manniotaraxerol B (4), and betulinic acid (5) were evaluated against HeLa (human cervix adenocarcinoma) cancer cells. Manniotaraxerol A (3) showed weak in vitro cytotoxicity with a cell viability value of 49.3%. Betulinic acid (5) also showed significant cytotoxicity against HeLa cell with a cell viability value of 4.0%; the other compounds were inactive in this test

In vitro antimalarial, antitrypanosomal and HIV-1 integrase inhibitory activities of two Cameroonian medicinal plants: Antrocaryon klaineanum (Anacardiaceae) and Diospyros conocarpa (Ebenaceae)

Antiplasmodial, antitrypanosomal and anti-HIV-1 activities of crude extracts, fractions and some isolated compounds from two Cameroonian medicinal plants: Antrocaryon klaineanum Pierre (Anacardiaceae) and Diospyros conocarpa Gürke ex K. Schum. (Ebenaceae) were assessed. The phytochemical studies led to the isolation of eight compounds (1–8) from Diospyros conocarpa and six compounds (6, 9–13) from Antrocaryon klaineanum. These compounds were identified as mangiferolic acid (1), 3β, 22(S)-dihydroxycycloart-24E-en-26-oic acid (2), lupeol (3), aridanin (4), betulin (5), betulinic acid (6), bergenin (7), D-quercitol(8), entilin C(9), entilin A(10), antrocarine A(11), 7R,20(S)-dihydroxy-4,24(28)-ergostadien-3-one(12) and stigmasterol glucoside (13). The criteria for activity were set as follows: an IC50 valu

Biological activities of plant extracts from Ficus elastica and Selaginella vogelli: an antimalarial, antitrypanosomal and cytotoxity evaluation

The cytotoxic, antiplasmodial, and antitrypanosomal activities of two medicinal plants traditionally used in Cameroon were evaluated. Wood of Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem. aerial roots (Moraceae) and Selaginella vogelii Spring (Selaginellaceae) leaves were collected from two different sites in Cameroon. In vitro cell-growth inhibition activities were assessed on methanol extract of plant materials against Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7 and Trypanosoma brucei brucei, as well as against HeLa human cervical carcinoma cells. Criteria for activity were an IC50 value 10 μg/mL. The extract of S. vogelii did not significantly reduce the viability of P. falciparum at a concentration of 25 μg/mL but dramatically affected the trypanosome growth with an IC50 of 2.4 μg/mL. In contrast, at the same concentration, the extract of F. elastica exhibited plasmodiacidal activity (IC50 value of 9.5 μg/mL) and trypanocidal (IC50 value of 0.9 μg/mL) activity. Both extracts presented low cytotoxic effects on HeLa cancer cell line. These results indicate that the selected medicinal plants could be further investigated for identifying compounds that may be responsible for the observed activities and that may represent new leads in parasitical drug discovery

The chemical constituents of Penianthus longifolius Miers

Fourteen compounds were isolated from the roots, leaves and twigs of Penianthus longifolius Miers (Menispermaceae), including two previously unreported neo-clerodane diterpenoids, penianthin (1), its C-8 epimer (2). In addition, the previously reported O-methylmoschatoline (3), taraxerol (4), taraxerone (5), rubrosterone, (6), panuosterone (7), 22-epi-20-hydroxyecdysone (8), ergosterol peroxide (9), stigmast-5-ene-3,7-dione (10), stigmasterol (11), β-sitosterol (12), stigmasterol glucoside (13) and β-sitosterol glucoside (14) were isolated. The structures of the compounds were determined by means of NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analysis. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by circular dichroism analysis. Compounds 1 and 2 were screened against the NCI60 cancer cell panel but showed no significant activity at 10 μM

A New Aromatic Amide from the Roots of Zanthoxylum tessmannii (Rutaceae).

Kenmoe Djeukeu C, Kouam Kenmogne A, Guy Blaise Azebaze A, et al. A New Aromatic Amide from the Roots of Zanthoxylum tessmannii (Rutaceae). Chemistry & biodiversity. 2019;16(4):e1800590.Phytochemical investigation of the methanolic extract of the roots of Zanthoxylum tessmannii Zepernick and Timler (Rutaceae) led to the isolation and characterization of one new aromatic amide named tessmamide (1) along with twelve known compounds, N-benzoyltyramine methyl ether (2), 7,8,9-trimethoxycoumarin (3), 7,8-dimethoxycoumarin (4), integrifoliodiol (5), robustin (6), skimmianine (7), lupeol (8), lupenone (9), a mixture of stigmasterol and beta-sitosterol, and a mixture of their glucosides. The structures of all compounds were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses (1D- and 2D-NMR, EI-MS, and ESI-MS) and comparison with known analogs. The determination of the radical scavenging activity using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay gave moderate antioxidant values for the crude extracts of the roots of Zanthoxylum tessmannii (IC50 0.8 mg/mL), tessmamide (1; IC50 31.8 mum), and 7,8,9-trimethoxycoumarin (3; IC50 29.3 mum), compared to the standard ascorbic acid (IC50 11.6 mum). © 2019 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland

The chemical constituents of <i>Penianthus longifolius</i> Miers

Fourteen compounds were isolated from the roots, leaves and twigs of Penianthus longifolius Miers (Menispermaceae), including two previously unreported neo-clerodane diterpenoids, penianthin (1), its C-8 epimer (2). In addition, the previously reported O-methylmoschatoline (3), taraxerol (4), taraxerone (5), rubrosterone, (6), panuosterone (7), 22-epi-20-hydroxyecdysone (8), ergosterol peroxide (9), stigmast-5-ene-3,7-dione (10), stigmasterol (11), β-sitosterol (12), stigmasterol glucoside (13) and β-sitosterol glucoside (14) were isolated. The structures of the compounds were determined by means of NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analysis. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by circular dichroism analysis. Compounds 1 and 2 were screened against the NCI60 cancer cell panel but showed no significant activity at 10 μM

Chemical constituents from Penianthus camerounensis Dekker (Menispermaceae)

The phytochemical study of the roots, leaves and twigs of Penianthus camerounensis Dekker (Menispermaceae) has led to the isolation and the characterization of 20 compounds. A ceramide, camerounamide (1), and a furoclerodanediterpenoid, camerounin (2), have not been described previously, while the compounds xylopic acid (3), syringaresinol (4), iso-propylmethylcyclohexa-1,4-diol (5), 1-(28-hydroxyoctacosanoyl)glycerol (6), scoparone (7), friedelin (8), friedelanol (9) and betulinic acid (10) are being reported for the first time from the genus Penianthus alongside 10 known compounds (11–20). Chemical structures were determined using 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopy, MS and chemical analysis. Their chemotaxonomic importance is discussed

In vitro antimicrobial and anti-proliferative activities of plant extracts from Spathodea campanulata, Ficus bubu and Carica papaya

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Pentacyclic triterpenoids and ceramide mediate the vasorelaxant activity of Vitex cienkowskii via involvement of NO/cGMP pathway in isolated rat aortic rings

Dongmo AB, Azebaze AGB, Donfack FM, et al. Pentacyclic triterpenoids and ceramide mediate the vasorelaxant activity of Vitex cienkowskii via involvement of NO/cGMP pathway in isolated rat aortic rings. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2011;133(1):204-212.Ethnopharmacological relevance: Vitex cienkowskii Kotschy & Peyritsch is a deciduous tree, prescribed by Cameroonian traditional healers as one of the most popular plant widely used in many disorders including cardiovascular diseases. The preliminary pharmacological studies carried out on Vitex cienkowskii showed its vasorelaxant activities on guinea-pig aortic rings. Aim of the study: The present work evaluated the vasorelaxant activity of extract and isolated compounds from Vitex cienkowskii. Materials and methods: Rat aortic rings were used to evaluate the in vitro vascular effect of the extract. The antioxidant activity was determined by measuring the reduction of the free radical 1,1-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH). Results: Vitex cienkowskii induced significant relaxation in a concentration- and endothelium-dependent manner (EC50 = 12.12 mu g/ml, CH2Cl2-MeOH, 1:1) and did not produce a vasorelaxant effect on contraction evoked by KCl (60 mM). In order to determine its mode of action, Vitex cienkowskii-induced relaxant effect was evaluated in the presence of indomethacin (10 mu M), L-NAME (100 mu M), ODQ (1 mu M) and SQ22356 (100 mu M). Relaxation was significantly blocked by L-NAME and ODQ. These results indicate that Vitex cienkowskii-mediated relaxation is endothelium dependent, probably due to NO release, and the consequent activation of vascular smooth muscle soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), a signal transduction enzyme that forms the second messenger cGMP. Bio-guided study of Vitex cienkowskii allowed the isolation of the known pentacyclic triterpenoids and a ceramide. It is the first report of salvin A, maslinic acid and a ceramide from Vitex cienkowskii. The activity induced by these compounds indicated that they may be partly responsible for the vasorelaxant effect of the plant extract. A dose of 40 mg/kg of CH2Cl2-MeOH (1:1) extract administered intravenously induced a decrease of mean arterial pressure but did not affect the heart rate. Moreover the plant extracts were found to be highly active in the DPPH radical scavenging assay. Conclusion: Vitex cienkowskii extract possesses antioxidant property, vasorelaxing, and hypotensive effect linked to the endothelium related factors, where nitric oxide is involved. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved