The effects of Reynolds number, rotor incidence angle, and surface roughness on the heat transfer distribution in a large-scale turbine rotor passage

A combined experimental and computational program was conducted to examine the heat transfer distribution in a turbine rotor passage geometrically similiar to the Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) High Pressure Fuel Turbopump (HPFTP). Heat transfer was measured and computed for both the full-span suction and pressure surfaces of the rotor airfoil as well as for the hub endwall surface. The primary objective of the program was to provide a benchmark-quality data base for the assessment of rotor passage heat transfer computational procedures. The experimental portion of the study was conducted in a large-scale, ambient temperature, rotating turbine model. Heat transfer data were obtained using thermocouple and liquid-crystal techniques to measure temperature distributions on the thin, electrically-heated skin of the rotor passage model. Test data were obtained for various combinations of Reynolds number, rotor incidence angle and model surface roughness. The data are reported in the form of contour maps of Stanton number. These heat distribution maps revealed numerous local effects produced by the three-dimensional flows within the rotor passage. Of particular importance were regions of local enhancement produced on the airfoil suction surface by the main-passage and tip-leakage vortices and on the hub endwall by the leading-edge horseshoe vortex system. The computational portion consisted of the application of a well-posed parabolized Navier-Stokes analysis to the calculation of the three-dimensional viscous flow through ducts simulating the a gas turbine passage. These cases include a 90 deg turning duct, a gas turbine cascade simulating a stator passage, and a gas turbine rotor passage including Coriolis forces. The calculated results were evaluated using experimental data of the three-dimensional velocity fields, wall static pressures, and wall heat transfer on the suction surface of the turbine airfoil and on the end wall. Particular attention was paid to an accurate modeling of the passage vortex and to the development of the wall boundary layers including crossflow

An Analysis of the Migration Policies of the European Union and Their Effectiveness in Managing the Current Migration Crisis

The current migration of individuals into the European Union is creating an unparalleled and unprecedented crisis that has completely overwhelmed the EU Member States. Migrants entering the European Union have done so via dangerous and deadly sea and land routes, resulting in a devastating humanitarian crisis throughout Europe. As conflicts and instability around the world continue to evolve and escalate, larger flows of migrants continue to pour into the European Union causing the irregular migration of people across Europe’s borders. To counter this, European Union officials have attempted to create migration policies based on border management and security ideals. However, many authors, researchers, humanitarian groups, non-governmental organizations, and some policymakers have countered this approach and called upon the European Union to expand its policies to include more humanitarian measures. Up to this point, the Union remains thoroughly fragmented and indecisive in its response. With this research on the European Union migration policies, along with case studies of EU Member States such as Germany, Hungary, and Greece, the goal of this thesis is to advance new approaches to this difficult situation and to provide policy recommendations, program advice as well as suggestions for further analysis

Evolutionary quantitative genetics of nonlinear developmental systems

In quantitative genetics, the effects of developmental relationships among traits on microevolution are generally represented by the contribution of pleiotropy to additive genetic covariances. Pleiotropic additive genetic covariances arise only from the average effects of alleles on multiple traits, and therefore the evolutionary importance of nonlinearities in development is generally neglected in quantitative genetic views on evolution. However, nonlinearities in relationships among traits at the level of whole organisms are undeniably important to biology in general, and therefore critical to understanding evolution. I outline a system for characterizing key quantitative parameters in nonlinear developmental systems, which yields expressions for quantities such as trait means and phenotypic and genetic covariance matrices. I then develop a system for quantitative prediction of evolution in nonlinear developmental systems. I apply the system to generating a new hypothesis for why direct stabilizing selection is rarely observed. Other uses will include separation of purely correlative from direct and indirect causal effects in studying mechanisms of selection, generation of predictions of medium‐term evolutionary trajectories rather than immediate predictions of evolutionary change over single generation time‐steps, and the development of efficient and biologically motivated models for separating additive from epistatic genetic variances and covariances.PostprintPeer reviewe

The Cosmic Origins Spectrograph and the Future of Ultraviolet Astronomy

I describe the capabilities of the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph, scheduled for May 2009 installation on the Hubble Space Telescope. With a factor-of-ten increase in far-UV throughput for moderate resolution spectroscopy, COS will enable a range of scientific programs that study hot stars, AGN, and gas in the interstellar medium, intergalactic medium, and galactic halos. We also plan a large-scale HST Spectroscopic Legacy Project for QSO absorption lines, galactic halos, and AGN outflows. Studies of next-generation telescopes for UV/O astronomy are now underway, including small, medium, and large missions to fill the imminent ten-year gap between the end of Hubble and a plausible launch of the next large mission. Selecting a strategy for achieving these goals will involve hard choices and tradeoffs in aperture, wavelength, and capability.Comment: To appear in Future Directions in Ultraviolet Astronomy (AIP Conf Proc

A Paradox of Self-Image: William Shakespeare’s \u3cem\u3e The Merchant of Venice \u3c/em\u3e and \u3cem\u3e King Richard II \u3c/em\u3e in Hitler’s Germany

This thesis investigates the connection between the cultural authorities of the Third Reich and the works of William Shakespeare. Nazi cultural authorities utilized theater as a milieu of representation wherein the Third Reich showcased its underlying ideological principles. However, Shakespeare\u27s works, because of his humanist concern for the problems of the individual, create numerous difficulties that arise with any effort to align his works as a whole with a single set of ideological principles. The Merchant of Venice, Shakespeare\u27s most famously Jewish play, appears on the surface to present the Nazi cultural authorities with a prime opportunity to showcase anti-Semitic values; however, the play presents numerous interpretative difficulties that make a purely anti-Semitic interpretation difficult to stage. Among those difficulties are the hints of sympathy for Shylock and Jessica\u27s marriage to the Christian Lorenzo, an act of miscegenation illegal in the Third Reich. King Richard II is an English history play that presents problems of identity and power for Nazi Cultural Authorities. To a regime that struggled to align Shakespeare with the German-born classical writers, Goethe and Schiller, a drama that dealt with English history served as a reminder of Shakespeare\u27s essential foreignness. Finally, this play depicts a subject overthrowing his monarch and suffering no punishment for the act. The figure of King Richard, an indecisive and ineffective leader, falls because he lacks either the cunning or the brute force needed to suppress Henry Bolingbroke. Thus, the Third Reich\u27s cultural authorities could not simply accept a play that featured both a weal leader and a rebellious subject who succeeds in toppling his king. These plays serve as representative examples of Shakespeare\u27s lack of suitability as regards aligning his works with Nazi principles. I conclude that the Third Reich\u27s cultural guardians, by refusing to ban Shakespeare from their literary canon, created an insoluble paradox that plagued Nazi Germany until the end of the Third Reich

The geophysical evolution of impact basins and volcanic structures on Mercury and the Moon

The geologic histories of most terrestrial bodies are dominated by two major processes: meteorite bombardment and volcanism. The forms that the resulting impact craters and volcanic structures take can tell us a great deal about the ways in which these processes occur and about the environment of the host body at the time of their formation. The surfaces of bodies like Mercury and the Moon are old, however, and most such features formed more than a billion years in the past. Impact craters and volcanic structures are thus generally not visible in their original states, but instead in a form which has evolved over geologic time. ^ In this work, I combine observations of planetary surfaces from spacecraft like MESSENGER and GRAIL with modern numerical modeling techniques in order to explore the various ways in which the long-term geophysical evolution of impact craters and volcanic structures can reveal information about the subsurface environment. I find that the pattern of fractures on the floors of the Rachmaninoff, Raditladi, and Mozart peak-ring impact basins on Mercury reveals the contours of the underlying terrain; that the present-day gravitational and topographic signatures over Orientale Basin emerged due to a combination of syn- and post-impact processes which can help to constrain both the parameters of the impact and the rheology of the lunar mantle; and that the tremendous sizes at which lunar lava tubes can be stable open up both new ways of interpreting GRAIL observations of the lunar gravity field and new possibilities for human exploration of the Moon