Multicriterial analyses and selection of the best option for revitalization and development of the southern part of Croatian 400 kV network and connection to the power system of Bosnia and Herzegovina

The southern wing of the Croatian transmission network was constructed for 220 kV in the early 1960’s, with additional 400 kV reinforcement at the end of 1970’s. Its route of more than 200 km is quite demanding due to extreme climate, environmental specifics and related costs. However, operational experience during more than 50 years has been quite positive. Nowadays, at the end of its lifetime it is again extremely important to analyze and select the best option for network revitalization and development to serve the network users for the next 50 years, but in very different conditions of technological development, more restrictive environmental requirements, electricity market conditions and large scale RES integration. Moreover, special attention should be given to the potential opportunity and need to use this revitalization also for new interconnection to the power system of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). Altogether with its length of more than 380 km this is one of the largest transmission projects in South East Europe in the last few decades. This paper presents the main findings of the multicriterial and comprehensive study covering technical, economic, financial, geographical, environmental, social and legal assessment, identifying locations of new 400 kV transmission system nodes, internal and interconnection 400 kV lines routes, together with the potential upgrade/replacement of the existing 220 kV circuits. Network analyses have been prepared on more than 180 different scenarios using PSS/E software, while market analyses were completed for 21 selected scenarios using PLEXOS software. Scenarios were based on the following criteria/uncertainties related to the power systems of Croatia and BiH: 1. analyzed time-horizons (2023 and 2028) 2. demand growth (referent, low, high) 3. analyzed operation conditions (winter/summer peak/off peak load) 4. generation scenarios (high, low, new RES, CO2 prices) 5. hydrological and climate conditions (average, extreme hydrology and wind speed) 6. power balance (import, export) 7. power transits Five main options have been initially selected as topology candidates for problem resolving. Detailed methodology and criteria for the selection of optimal option (revitalization and development scenario and topology) were developed and approved by all involved stakeholders. For selected option, based on comprehensive analyses and approved methodology , for further detailed analyses ( system reliability, technical design, investment, economics /CBA/ and environmental analyses) have been prepared, including assessment of its impact on transmission tariffs of each country. Sensitivity analyses to the most uncertain variables (investment costs and CO2 prices) were also performed. The environmental and social assessment was very demanding due to the complex governance structure and three legal frameworks to be respected (two countries, along with two entities in BiH). The Project impact was evaluated with respect to: air quality, water quality, waste management, noise, biological diversity, electromagnetic field, social measures and protected areas. This paper presents above mentioned analyses, findings and recommendations, as the most comprehensive analytical approach to the transmission line development that’s ever been applied in this region

Coordinated management of transmission network congestion

Ovaj rad sastoji se od četiri poglavlja. Prvo poglavlje je uvod i govori o problematici nedostatnih prijenosnih moći i potrebi da se osmisle načini kako zadovoljiti povećane potrebe za prijenosom električne energije bez gradnje nove prijenosne infrastrukture. U drugom poglavlju opisana je osnovna struktura upravljanja zagušenjima, kao i postojeće metode koje se primijenjuju za rješavanje kako unutrašnjih tako i prekograničnih zagušenja. Metode za rješavanje prekograničnih zagušenja opisane u ovom poglavlju u načelu opisuju rješavanje zagušenja na samo jednoj granici dok je u trećem poglavlju naglasak na metodama koordiniranog rješavanja zagušenja. Detaljno je opisana metoda koja se tek priprema za primjenu u nekim europskim regijama, a to je koordinirana eksplicitna dražba zasnovana na tokovima snaga, te je na primjeru prekograničnih prijenosnih moći na granicama elektroenergetskog sustava Hrvatske napravljena usporedba sa vrijednostima prijenosnih moći dobijenim trenutno primijenjivanom metodom određivanja. U četvrtom je poglavlju iznesen zaključak i smjernice za daljnji razvoj metode.The thesis is consisted of four chapters. The first chapter is introduction and it talks about problem of transfer capacity insufficiency and necessity of invention of new way how to content increased need for electrical energy transmission without new transmission infrastructure building. The second chapter describes basic congestion management structure and existing methods which are being used to deal with internal and cross-border congestions. Cross-border management methods discrabed in this chapter talks mostly about dealing with congestion which occurs on only one single border, while third chapter talks about coordinated congestion management, especially about new congestion management method - coordinated flow-based explicit auction. It has made comparison of cross-border transmission capacities of Croatian transmission grid calculated using new method and using NTC method, which is being used at the moment. At the end there is consclusion and guidelines for further development of new congestion management method

Coordinated management of transmission network congestion

Ovaj rad sastoji se od četiri poglavlja. Prvo poglavlje je uvod i govori o problematici nedostatnih prijenosnih moći i potrebi da se osmisle načini kako zadovoljiti povećane potrebe za prijenosom električne energije bez gradnje nove prijenosne infrastrukture. U drugom poglavlju opisana je osnovna struktura upravljanja zagušenjima, kao i postojeće metode koje se primijenjuju za rješavanje kako unutrašnjih tako i prekograničnih zagušenja. Metode za rješavanje prekograničnih zagušenja opisane u ovom poglavlju u načelu opisuju rješavanje zagušenja na samo jednoj granici dok je u trećem poglavlju naglasak na metodama koordiniranog rješavanja zagušenja. Detaljno je opisana metoda koja se tek priprema za primjenu u nekim europskim regijama, a to je koordinirana eksplicitna dražba zasnovana na tokovima snaga, te je na primjeru prekograničnih prijenosnih moći na granicama elektroenergetskog sustava Hrvatske napravljena usporedba sa vrijednostima prijenosnih moći dobijenim trenutno primijenjivanom metodom određivanja. U četvrtom je poglavlju iznesen zaključak i smjernice za daljnji razvoj metode.The thesis is consisted of four chapters. The first chapter is introduction and it talks about problem of transfer capacity insufficiency and necessity of invention of new way how to content increased need for electrical energy transmission without new transmission infrastructure building. The second chapter describes basic congestion management structure and existing methods which are being used to deal with internal and cross-border congestions. Cross-border management methods discrabed in this chapter talks mostly about dealing with congestion which occurs on only one single border, while third chapter talks about coordinated congestion management, especially about new congestion management method - coordinated flow-based explicit auction. It has made comparison of cross-border transmission capacities of Croatian transmission grid calculated using new method and using NTC method, which is being used at the moment. At the end there is consclusion and guidelines for further development of new congestion management method

Coordinated management of transmission network congestion

Ovaj rad sastoji se od četiri poglavlja. Prvo poglavlje je uvod i govori o problematici nedostatnih prijenosnih moći i potrebi da se osmisle načini kako zadovoljiti povećane potrebe za prijenosom električne energije bez gradnje nove prijenosne infrastrukture. U drugom poglavlju opisana je osnovna struktura upravljanja zagušenjima, kao i postojeće metode koje se primijenjuju za rješavanje kako unutrašnjih tako i prekograničnih zagušenja. Metode za rješavanje prekograničnih zagušenja opisane u ovom poglavlju u načelu opisuju rješavanje zagušenja na samo jednoj granici dok je u trećem poglavlju naglasak na metodama koordiniranog rješavanja zagušenja. Detaljno je opisana metoda koja se tek priprema za primjenu u nekim europskim regijama, a to je koordinirana eksplicitna dražba zasnovana na tokovima snaga, te je na primjeru prekograničnih prijenosnih moći na granicama elektroenergetskog sustava Hrvatske napravljena usporedba sa vrijednostima prijenosnih moći dobijenim trenutno primijenjivanom metodom određivanja. U četvrtom je poglavlju iznesen zaključak i smjernice za daljnji razvoj metode.The thesis is consisted of four chapters. The first chapter is introduction and it talks about problem of transfer capacity insufficiency and necessity of invention of new way how to content increased need for electrical energy transmission without new transmission infrastructure building. The second chapter describes basic congestion management structure and existing methods which are being used to deal with internal and cross-border congestions. Cross-border management methods discrabed in this chapter talks mostly about dealing with congestion which occurs on only one single border, while third chapter talks about coordinated congestion management, especially about new congestion management method - coordinated flow-based explicit auction. It has made comparison of cross-border transmission capacities of Croatian transmission grid calculated using new method and using NTC method, which is being used at the moment. At the end there is consclusion and guidelines for further development of new congestion management method