Внутриотраслевая торговля в сша для обслуживания воздушного транспорта : результаты и измерения

The paper deals with the measurement of intra-industry trade (IIT) in air transport services and it´s components (passenger and air cargo services) among the United States of America and 31 chosen countries in time period 2000-2011. For the purpose of analysis, we used traditional and alternative methods of IIT measurements. Results of the analysis confirm the existence of IIT in air transport services and it´s components (passenger and air cargo services between The United States of America and 31 chosen countries in time period 2000-2011. On the other hand, we are unable to determine the trend of IIT in air transport services between The United States of America and 31 chosen countries in time period 2000-2011because of fluctuating turnover values.Статья посвящена анализу внутриотраслевой торговли (IIT) в авиатранспортных услугах и их компонентах (пассажирских и грузовых авиаперевозках) между Соединенными Штатами Америки и 31 выбранными странами в период 2000-2011 г. Для целей анализа были использованы традиционные и альтернативные методы измерения IIT. Результаты анализа подтверждают существование IIT в авиатранспортных услугах и их компонентах (пассажирских и грузовых перевозках) в воздухе между Соединенными Штатами Америки и 31 выбранными странами в период 2000-2011 г. С другой стороны, невозможно определить тенденции в IIT авиатранспортных услуг между Соединенными Штатами Америки и 31 выбранными странами в период 2000-2011 поскольку значения колеблются

Sono-extraction as a pretreatment approach for the screening evaluation of element mobility of sediment samples

Application of economically important and time saving pretreatment for the screening element mobility evaluation of contaminated sediments is presented. Ultrasonically-assisted single-step extraction (USAE) was carried out by EDTA solution. The extraction time of USAE was optimized and obtained results were compared with results estimated by conventional (EDTA extraction) and by sequential extraction (modified BCR protocol). The original three step BCR protocol was modified by addition of the first step (water leaching) and the fifth step, total digestion of sediment residue (acid mixture with HF). Zn, Cu and Pb have been determined in extracts by ICP-OES. Good conformity of the ultrasonically-extracted element contents and sum of contents, extracted during first three steps (water-soluble, acid-extractable, reducible - i.e., the most mobile fractions) of sequential extraction, was found. The sono-extraction reduced operating time of the first three steps of sequential extraction from 48 h to 15 min. Thus, USAE can serve as a rapid screening assessment of the mobile and potentially mobile element portions in sediments and other similar solid state environmental media. Analytical quality control was realized by comparison of the sums of element contents obtained at individual (five) extraction steps. Total element contents were also determined by an independent method (XRF)

Įmonių pasirengimo įgyvendinti inovacijų strategiją vertinimo sistema

Development and implementation of innovation strategy requires increased attention of the businesses. Rather than the business acceding to its implementation needs to know the current status of work in innovation and the key elements that will be crucial in this process. The aim of this paper is based on the analysis of literary sources and carried out research on the proposal of the evaluation system of preparedness of businesses for implementation of an innovation strategy. The proposal describes different levels of preparedness, the basic evaluation methodology and evaluation procedure. The paper brings the main results of the authors who conducted research on a sample of 462 respondents to show the current situation in the Slovak businesses in the use of innovation strategy. A survey used the following methods: comparative method, qualitative evaluation, and method of structured and semi-structured interviews, observation methods, method of document analysis (a method of content analysis) and the questionnaire method