Users' instructions for the NASA/MSFC cloud-rise preprocessor program, version 6, and the NASA/MSFC multilayer diffusion program, version 6: Research version for Univac 1108 system

The cloud-rise preprocessor and multilayer diffusion computer programs were used by NASA in predicting concentrations and dosages downwind from normal and abnormal launches of rocket vehicles. These programs incorporated: (1) the latest data for the heat content and chemistry of rocket exhaust clouds; (2) provision for the automated calculation of surface water pH due to deposition of HCl from precipitation scavenging; (3) provision for automated calculation of concentration and dosage parameters at any level within the vertical grounds for which meteorological inputs have been specified; and (4) provision for execution of multiple cases of meteorological data. Procedures used to automatically calculate wind direction shear in a layer were updated

Handbook for estimating toxic fuel hazards

Computer program predicts, from readily available meteorological data, concentration and dosage fields downwind from ground-level and elevated sources of toxic fuel emissions. Mathematical model is applicable to hot plume rise from industrial stacks and should also be of interest to air pollution meteorologists

Program listing for the REEDM (Rocket Exhaust Effluent Diffusion Model) computer program

The program listing for the REEDM Computer Program is provided. A mathematical description of the atmospheric dispersion models, cloud-rise models, and other formulas used in the REEDM model; vehicle and source parameters, other pertinent physical properties of the rocket exhaust cloud and meteorological layering techniques; user's instructions for the REEDM computer program; and worked example problems are contained in NASA CR-3646

User's manual for the REEDM (Rocket Exhaust Effluent Diffusion Model) computer program

The REEDM computer program predicts concentrations, dosages, and depositions downwind from normal and abnormal launches of rocket vehicles at NASA's Kennedy Space Center. The atmospheric dispersion models, cloud-rise models, and other formulas used in the REEDM model are described mathematically Vehicle and source parameters, other pertinent physical properties of the rocket exhaust cloud, and meteorological layering techniques are presented as well as user's instructions for REEDM. Worked example problems are included

NASA/MSFC multilayer diffusion models and computer programs, version 5

The transport and diffusion models and algorithms developed for use by NASA in predicting concentrations and dosages downwind from normal and abnormal launches of rocket vehicles are described along with the associated computer programs for use in performing the calculations. Topics discussed include: the mathematical specifications and procedures used in the Preprocessor Program to calculate rocket exhaust cloud rise, cloud dimensions, and other input parameters to the transport and diffusion models; the revised mathematical specifications for the Multilayer Diffusion Models; users' instructions for implementing the Preprocessor and Multilayer Diffusion Models Programs; and worked example problems illustrating the use of the models and computer programs

Hazard estimates for selected rocket fuel components at Kennedy Space Center

Hazard estimates for selected rocket fuel components from normal launches of Saturn 5 vehicles at Cape Kenned

Geology and Ground-Water Resources of the Lower South Platte River Valley Between Hardin, Colorado, and Paxton, Nebraska

The study of the geology and ground-water resources of the lower South Platte River valley was made by the Ground Water Branch of the U. S. Geological Survey at the request of the U. S. Bureau of Reclamation and with the endorsement of the Colorado Water Conservation Board. The area includes parts of Colorado and Nebraska, covers about 3,200 square miles, and ranges in altitude from about 3,000 to 5,000 feet above sea level. The average annual precipitation in the area is about 16 inches and is sufficient to support grasses and some grains. Irrigation utilizing water diverted from the river and pumped from wells is extensively developed in the valleys of the South Platte River and its tributaries. The principal agricultural products are Corn, sugar beets, alfalfa, beans, wheat, barley, and livestock. The rocks exposed in the area are sedimentary and range in age from Late Cretaceous to Recent. The Pierre shale underlies the entire area. The Fox Hills sandstone and the Laramie formation underlie the western part and the Chadron, Brule, and Ogallala formations underlie the eastern part. Pleistocene arid Recent alluvium underlies the valleys of the South Platte River and its tributaries. The Pierre shale ranges in thickness from about 2,500 feet near Paxton, Nebr., to about 6,500 feet near Hardin, Colo., and yields water in small quantities to wells in the vicinity of Sterling, Colo. Within the area, both the Fox Hills sandstone and the Laramie formation range in thickness from a featheredge to nearly 200 feet and yield small quantities of water to stock and domestic wells. Although a test hole near Proctor, Colo., was drilled 102 feet into the Chadron formation, the total thickness of the formation was not ascertained; no wells within the area covered by this investigation are known to derive water from the formation. The Brule formation ranges in thickness from a featheredge to more than 500 feet and yields water to wells from fractured or porous zones. The Ogallala formation ranges in thickness from a featheredge near Sedgwick, Colo., to about 350 feet near Paxton, Nebr., and yields large quantities of water to wells. The alluvium ranges in thickness from a featheredge at the edges of valleys to about 300 feet in some places in the valleys. The alluvium occurs in two physiographic forms Pleistocene and Recent terrace deposits and Recent floodplain deposits and yields abundant water to irrigation, public-supply, and other wells. Dune-sand deposits cover part of the area, range in thickness from a featheredge to about 100 feet, and yield water in small quantities to stock and domestic wells. Loess deposits cover much of the area and range in thickness from a featheredge to about 50 feet. Generally the loess is above the water table and is not known to yield water to wells

Handbook for estimating toxic fuel hazards Final report

Handbook for estimating toxic fuel hazard downwind from source emissions at Cape Kenned

Analyzing false memories in children with associative lists specific for their age

Two experiments attempted to resolve previous contradictory findings concerning developmental trends in false memories within the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm by using an improved methodology-constructing age-appropriate associative lists. The research also extended the DRM paradigm to preschoolers. Experiment 1 (N = 320) included children in three age groups (preschoolers of 3-4 years, second-graders of 7-8 years, and preadolescents of 11-12 years) and adults, and Experiment 2 (N = 64) examined preschoolers and preadolescents. Age-appropriate lists increased false recall. Although preschoolers had fewer false memories than the other age groups, they showed considerable levels of false recall when tested with age-appropriate materials. Results were discussed in terms of fuzzy-trace, source-monitoring, and activation frameworks

A review on coordination properties of thiol-containing chelating agents towards mercury, cadmium, and lead

The present article reviews the clinical use of thiol-based metal chelators in intoxications and overexposure with mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb). Currently, very few commercially available pharmaceuticals can successfully reduce or prevent the toxicity of these metals. The metal chelator meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) is considerably less toxic than the classical agent British anti-Lewisite (BAL, 2,3-dimercaptopropanol) and is the recommended agent in poisonings with Pb and organic Hg. Its toxicity is also lower than that of DMPS (dimercaptopropane sulfonate), although DMPS is the recommended agent in acute poisonings with Hg salts. It is suggested that intracellular Cd deposits and cerebral deposits of inorganic Hg, to some extent, can be mobilized by a combination of antidotes, but clinical experience with such combinations are lacking. Alpha-lipoic acid (alpha-LA) has been suggested for toxic metal detoxification but is not considered a drug of choice in clinical practice. The molecular mechanisms and chemical equilibria of complex formation of the chelators with the metal ions Hg2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ are reviewed since insight into these reactions can provide a basis for further development of therapeutics