The effects of normal vaginal delivery on oxygen transport to the fetus

Neðst á síðunni er hægt að nálgast greinina í heild sinni með því að smella á hlekkinn View/OpenOBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of normal vaginal delivery (NVD) on oxygen transport to the fetus. Study group and methods: Fifty newborn infants born by NVD and as a control group 50 infants born by elective Cesarean section (ECS) were studied. Factors reflecting oxygen transport to the fetus were measured in venous and arterial cord blood: pH, partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) and carbon dioxide (pCO2), oxygen saturation (SO2), blood oxygen content, base deficit, and lactic acid concentrations, erythropoietin concentrations, number of nucleated red blood cells and haemoglobin concentrations. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in venous blood oxygen content between the two groups of infants. However, arterial blood oxygen content was significanlty lower in the infants born by ECS than in those born by NVD (p<0.001). Infants born by NVD had significantly lower pH (p<0.001), greater base deficit (p<0.001), higher lactic acid (p<0.001) and erythropoietin concentrations (p=0.01), more nucleated red blood cells (p=0.004), and higher hemoglobin concentrations (p=0.002) in venous blood than in the infants born by ECS. pH was lower (p<0.001) and lactic aicid concentrations were higher (p<0.001) in arterial blood than venous blood in both groups of infants. Conclusions: (1) NVD causes reduction in oxygen transport to the fetus, resulting in acidosis and stimulation of blood forming tissues. (2) ECS is associated with more reduction in umbilical arterial cord blood oxygen content than NVD. (3) When evaluating acidosis in newborns after delivery it is more reliable to measure pH and lactic acid concentrations in arterial rather than venous cord blood.Tilgangur: Að kanna áhrif eðlilegrar fæðingar á súrefnisflutning til fósturs. Tilfelli og aðferðir: Rannsökuð voru 50 börn sem fæddust með eðlilegri fæðingu og til viðmiðunar 50 börn sem fæddust með valkeisaraskurði. Mældir voru í naflastrengsblóði (bláæð og slagæð) þættir sem segja til um súrefnisflutning til fóstursins, það er: sýrustig blóðs (pH), hlutþrýstingur súrefnis (pO2) og koltvísýrings (pCO2), súrefnismettun blóðrauða (SO2), súrefnisinnihald blóðs, umframbasi, mjólkursýra, erythrópóíetín, kjörnuð rauð blóðkorn og blóðrauði. Niðurstöður: Ekki var marktækur munur á súrefnisinnihaldi bláæðablóðs milli hópanna. Hins vegar var súrefnisinnihald slagæðablóðs marktækt lægra hjá börnunum sem fæddust með valkeisaraskurði en hjá þeim sem fæddust eðlilega (p<0,001). Börnin sem fæddust eðlilega voru með marktækt lægra pH (p<0,001), minni umframbasa (p<0,001), hærri styrk mjólkursýru (p<0,001), hærri styrk erythrópóíetíns (p=0,01), fleiri kjörnuð rauð blóðkorn (p=0,004) og hærri þéttni blóðrauða (p=0,002) í bláæðablóði en börnin sem fæddust með valkeisaraskurði. pH var marktækt lægra (p<0,001) og styrkur mjólkursýru hærri (p<0,001) í slagæðablóði en bláæðablóði í báðum hópunum. Ályktanir: (1) Eðlileg fæðing hefur í för með sér skerðingu á súrefnisflutningi til fósturs sem veldur blóðsýringu og örvun á blóðmyndandi vefi. (2) Lækkun á súrefnisinnihaldi slagæðablóðs fósturs er meiri við valkeisaraskurð en við eðlilega fæðingu. (3) Við mat á blóðsýringu hjá barni eftir fæðingu er pH og styrkur mjólkursýru í slagæðablóði áreiðanlegri en í bláæðablóði

Navigating overgrazing and cultural values through narratives and participatory mapping : a socio-cultural analysis of sheep grazing in the Faroe Islands

Long-term livestock grazing has shaped landscapes, biodiversity, societies, cultures, and economies in the North Atlantic over time. However, overgrazing has become a major environmental sustainability challenge for this region, covering the Faroe Islands, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, and Scotland. The objective of this study was to elicit narratives and spatial patterns of local people's management preferences for sheep grazing in the Faroe Islands through a socio-cultural lens. We collected data via a Public Participation Geographic Information Systems (PPGIS) survey with an open question about hopes and concerns for sheep management in the Faroe Islands and a mapping exercise for expressing spatial preferences for sheep management. Four distinct narratives emerged from a qualitative analysis of responses to the open question (n = 184): (1) Sustainable sheep management, (2) Nature without sheep, (3) Sheep as part of Faroese culture, and (4) Sheep as nuisance. Visual inspection of narrative-specific maps with locations where either no or fewer sheep were preferred indicated that sheep management is not simply a 'sheep vs. no sheep' issue but embedded in a more nuanced consideration of the place of sheep in the landscape and society. For example, for some residents sheep-farming is not a commercial enterprise but a social activity and local source of food. Our combined methodological approach using qualitative and spatial data can help researchers in other fields identify the interplay between place-specific areas of grazing management concern and socio-cultural values, enabling more targeted land-use management policies or plans.Peer reviewe

Treatment Patterns, Treatment Satisfaction, Severity of Disease Problems, and Quality of Life in Patients with Psoriasis in Three Nordic Countries

Peer reviewe

Are Treatment Satisfaction, Quality of Life, and Self-assessed Disease Severity Relevant Parameters for Patient Registries? Experiences from Finnish and Swedish Patients with Psoriasis

Peer reviewe

Navigating overgrazing and cultural values through narratives and participatory mapping: a socio-cultural analysis of sheep grazing in the Faroe Islands

Long-term livestock grazing has shaped landscapes, biodiversity, societies, cultures, and economies in the North Atlantic over time. However, overgrazing has become a major environmental sustainability challenge for this region, covering the Faroe Islands, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, and Scotland. The objective of this study was to elicit narratives and spatial patterns of local people's management preferences for sheep grazing in the Faroe Islands through a socio-cultural lens. We collected data via a Public Participation Geographic Information Systems (PPGIS) survey with an open question about hopes and concerns for sheep management in the Faroe Islands and a mapping exercise for expressing spatial preferences for sheep management. Four distinct narratives emerged from a qualitative analysis of responses to the open question (n = 184): (1) Sustainable sheep management, (2) Nature without sheep, (3) Sheep as part of Faroese culture, and (4) Sheep as nuisance. Visual inspection of narrative-specific maps with locations where either no or fewer sheep were preferred indicated that sheep management is not simply a 'sheep vs. no sheep' issue but embedded in a more nuanced consideration of the place of sheep in the landscape and society. For example, for some residents sheep-farming is not a commercial enterprise but a social activity and local source of food. Our combined methodological approach using qualitative and spatial data can help researchers in other fields identify the interplay between place-specific areas of grazing management concern and socio-cultural values, enabling more targeted land-use management policies or plans

Skapgerð og líkamsrækt

Athugað var hvort að persónuleiki hefði áhrif á val á líkamsrækt, hvort úthverfir velji frekar crossfit heldur en almenna líkamsrækt. Að auki var athugað hvort þeir sem stunda crossfit væru bjartsýnni en þeir sem stunda almenna líkamsrækt og loks hvort þeir sem stunda almenna líkamsrækt mælist hærra á taugaveiklunarkvarðanum en þeir sem stunda crossfit. Könnunin sem þátttakendur svöruðu samanstóð af persónuleikaprófinu NEO-FFI-R til að meta úthverfu og taugaveiklun, lífsviðhorfsprófinu LOT-R til að meta bjartsýni og bakgrunnsbreytum til að meta úrtak rannsóknarinnar. Þátttakendur æfa allir í Sporthúsinu og fengu þeir val um að fara með könnunina heim eða svara henni á staðnum. Meðalaldur þeirra var 21 ár. Niðurstöður sýndu að enginn persónuleikamunur var á milli hópanna, hvorki á úthverfukvarðanum né taugveiklunarkvarðanum. Hins vegar var munur á milli hópanna á lífsviðhorfsprófinu og voru crossfit iðkendur almennt bjartsýnni

Leikskólinn Holtakot við Breiðumýri

Verkefni þetta nær til hönnunar á leikskólans Holtakots við Breiðumýri á Álftanesi. Hönnunar vinna var unnin frá grunni og unnin með tiliti til deiliskipurlags og greinargerðar deiliskipurlagsins. Byggingin er 1070m² á einni hæð. Burðarvirki byggingar er steinsteypa, klædd að utan með annarsvegar læstri zink klæðningu og hinsvegar MEG utanhússklæðningu, þök eru svokölluð heit þök, gluggar í útveggjum eru úr ál/tré og þakgluggar úr áli. Verkefnið tekur yfir hugmyndafasa, frumhönnun, forhönnun, aðaluppdrætti, sérkteikningar og útboðsgögn

Blikastígur 9

Í lokaverkefni er hannað og teiknað seinsteypt einbýlishús með rishæð, einangarð og klætt að utan. Stakstæð bílageymsla með flötu þaki og burðarvirki úr timbri. Brúttó flatarmál húss er 194 m2 Teiknisettið er í A2 og inniheldur: Forsíðu, uppdráttaskrá, aðluppdrætti, skráningartöflu, byggingauppdrætti, deiliuppdrætti, burðarvirkisuppdrætti og lagnauppdrætti. Skýrsla er í A4 og inniheldur: Verklýsingu, tilboðsskrá, kostnaðaráætlun, burðarþolsútreiknina, varmatapsútreikninga, lagnaútreikninga, útreikninga þakrenna og niðurfalla, loftun þaks, umsókn um byggingarleyfi, gátlisita byggingarfulltrúa, hæðarblað og heimildarskrá. Öll hönnun er unnin í samræmi við Byggingarreglugerð 112/2012

The effects of smoking in pregnancy on factors influencing fetal growth

To access Publisher full text version of this article. Please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links fieldAIM: To evaluate the influence of maternal smoking during pregnancy on factors influencing fetal growth. METHODS: Thirty newborns of smoking mothers were prospectively compared with 60 newborns of non-smoking mothers. Pre-albumin, albumin, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, insulin-like growth factor I, IGF binding protein 3, pH, lactic acid, erythropoietin and hemoglobin concentrations were measured in umbilical cord blood. RESULTS: Infants of smoking mothers had a significantly lower birth weight (3418 +/- 533 vs. 3863 +/- 503 g; p < 0.001), length (50.5 +/- 2,6 vs. 52.3 +/- 1.9 cm; p < 0.001) and head circumference (34.6 +/- 1.8 vs. 35.8 +/- 1.1 cm; p < 0.001) than controls. They also had significantly lower insulin (3.2 (2.0-4.9) vs. 5.8 (4.6-7.1) mU/L; p = 0.008), insulin-like growth factor I (54.4 +/- 32.5 vs. 93.8 +/- 54.5 microg/L; p = 0.001) and IGF binding protein 3 (1664 +/- 432 vs. 1943 +/- 421 microg/L; p = 0.01) concentrations, than controls. Infants of smoking mothers also had significantly higher hemoglobin (167 +/- 14 vs. 157 +/- 13 g/L; p = 0.002) and erythropoietin (42.3 (25.1-72.4) vs. 26.3 (21.9-30.9) U/L; p = 0.03) than controls, but not pH or lactate concentrations. There was no significant difference in pre-albumin, albumin, triglycerides and glucose concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking during pregnancy causes symmetrical fetal growth impairment, possibly due to decreased oxygen transport to the fetus and decreased concentrations of fetal insulin, insulin-like growth factor I and IGF binding protein 3