Acoustic manual for the krill synoptic survey in 2019

The previously presented document at the 2018 ASAM WG meeting (ASAM-18-07) described a design and plans for a synoptic krill acoustic survey in CCAMLR area 48 in 2019. The survey involves the collaborative efforts of Norway, Association of Responsible Krill fishing companies (ARK: companies from Norway, Korea, China and Chile), the United Kingdom, Ukraine, Korea and China, all of whom have confirmed a commitment of survey ship time. With these commitments it is feasible to implement all transects occupied during the 2000 survey. This document is a draft survey manual, produced at the recommendation of the 2018 ASAM meeting, and describes acoustic procedures, acoustic reporting - analysis procedures and contingency plans.Acoustic manual for the krill synoptic survey in 2019publishedVersio

Multinational large scale krill synoptic survey in CCAMLR Area 48 in 2019-survey plan and protocol for consideration by SG-ASAM 2018

The objective for the Multinational Large-Scale Krill Synoptic Survey in CCAMLR area 48 3 in 2019 is to provide an updated estimate of the biomass of Antarctic krill (Euphausia 4 superba) used in models to estimate sustainable yield. The planned survey follows, as close 5 as possible, the design of the CCAMLR 2000 survey, that was undertaken in the year 2000. 6 The basis for comparisons will depend on the degree of coverage and methodology and 7 equipment available. The survey will involve the collaborative efforts of Norway, 8 Association of Responsible Krill fishing companies (ARK: companies from Norway, Korea, 9 China and Chile), United Kingdom, Ukraine, Korea and China, and hopefully also other 10 nations that still needs to confirm their participation. 11 The current survey plan organization is presented for consideration by SG-ASAM. Norway 12 has volunteered to co-ordinate the survey with other members dedicating personnel to 13 specific tasks. It is requested that members who has already made commitments on ship time, 14 also allocate contact personnel as proposed. 15 This paper has been developed after a wider consultation extending beyond the authors list. It 16 discusses some specific organizational and technical challenges to be considered by SG17 ASAM. We request advice from ASAM on “minimum requirements” regarding acoustic 18 instrumentation and sampling gear to achieve approximate consistency with the CCAMLR 19 B0 data collection protocol.Multinational large scale krill synoptic survey in CCAMLR Area 48 in 2019-survey plan and protocol for consideration by SG-ASAM 2018publishedVersio

Protocols for trawl sampling, recording of biological data, and hydrography for the 2019 international synoptic krill survey in Area 48

Experience gained through participation in international programmes like BIOMASS and the CCAMLR 2000 Survey has demonstrated that standardization of equipment and methods is one of the most crucial steps for any successful work during the field sampling period and later analytical work. The following net sampling and laboratory protocols are based on the protocols developed for the CCAMLR 2000 Survey. The aim is to facilitate a joint understanding of the field and laboratory work in order for participants that carry out the upcoming International Krill Synoptic Survey 2019 to collect comparable and highquality data. This will hopefully enable the establishment of a uniform and valuable database of comparable quality with data obtained through the CCAMLR 2000 Survey and other more recent surveys that have been conducted within the region of CCAMLR Area 48.Protocols for trawl sampling, recording of biological data, and hydrography for the 2019 international synoptic krill survey in Area 48publishedVersio

Antenatal thyroid hormone therapy and antithyroid drug use in Norway from 2004 to 2018

Objective Thyroid disease during pregnancy is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and suboptimal fetal development. During the last decades, guidelines for diagnosing thyroid disease during pregnancy have changed considerably and there has been increased awareness. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of thyroid disease treatment over time among pregnant women in Norway. Design Nationwide register-based study. Methods We combined historical data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway and the Norwegian Prescription Database, identifying pregnant women using thyroid therapy from 2004 to 2018. Results A total of 855,067 pregnancies were included in the analyses. The proportion of women using thyroid hormone replacement therapy during pregnancy increased from 1.46% (n  = 800) in 2004 to 3.57% (n  = 1940) in 2018. The proportion of women using antithyroid medications also increased from 0.04% (n  = 20) in 2004 to 0.10% (n  = 56). During these 15 years, the mean maternal age increased by 0.9 years. When adjusting for age, the risk for being on thyroid hormone replacement therapy during pregnancy increased by an average of 5% per year (odds ratio: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.05–1.05). Conclusion During the recent 15 years, there has been a substantial increase in the use of thyroid hormone therapy in Norwegian pregnant women. We speculate that this could be due to an increased awareness in combination with overdiagnosis because of inappropriate diagnostic criteria. To truly understand the possible causes and consequences of this development, further research is warranted.publishedVersio

Effects of different feeding frequencies on growth, cataract development and histopathology of lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus L.)

Under embargo until: 2020-11-13Three duplicate groups of individually tagged lumpfish (mean initial weight: 22.3 ± 2.5 g) were fed either daily (7DW); four days per week (4DW) or three days per week (3DW) at a feeding rate of 2% body weight day−1 for a period of 126 days. There were significant differences in growth rates between the groups with the 7DW fish having the highest growth rates. Cataract prevalence was 53% lower in the 3DW group compared to the 7DW group. Histological examination showed that in some individuals in all three groups there was moderate expansion of the lamina propria in the mid and hind gut regions of the intestine with tissue most likely to represent fibrous tissue with scattered leucocytes. The severity of inflammation appeared to increase the more frequent the fish were fed with the 7DW fish having the highest inflammation score in these tissues. Feeding fish daily also resulted in higher levels of liver vacuolisation and chronic inflammation of the lamina propria in the mid and hind gut region of the intestines. Results from the present study show that restricted feeding regimes can be used to control growth and improve gut and eye health in lumpfish.acceptedVersio

Droner som FKT II - bruk av droner som forebyggende tiltak i beitenæringen

Utmarksbeitende dyr er utsatt for angrep fra fredet rovvilt. I oppdrag fra rovviltnemnda i region 6 Midt-Norge undersøker vi i hvilken grad det kan oppdages kadaver av sau og rein i utmark med bruk av droner i åpen og spesifikk kategori sammenlignet med Norske kadaverhunders standard for finsøk. Vi undersøker om droner er egnet til å sjekke ut hvorvidt et dødsvarsel fra GPS-merket sau eller tamrein er ekte eller falsk alarm. Med bakgrunn i gjeldende regelverk diskuterer vi med hvilke metoder droner kan benyttes i skadefellingssituasjoner. Utredningen er basert på feltforsøk, erfaringer, personlig kommunikasjon og faglitteratur. Droner var mer effektive til å finne kadaver som ligger åpent i terrenget sammenlignet med Norske kadaverhunders standard, målt i suksessrate og tidsbruk. Søk BVLOS med GPS-posisjon har den høyeste suksessraten og er lite tidskrevende. Kamerateknologien til moderne droner er god nok til å identifisere skadeomfang av dyr på bakken og kan bidra til å dokumentere tapsårsaker og t.o.m. forbedre dyrevelferd på utmarksbeite. Per dags dato kan en forvente at drone brukes som hjelpemiddel i en skadefellingssituasjon til søk etter dyret (termisk spor, RGB kamera, spor i snø), ved å forstyrre dyret og evt. drive dyret mot fellingslaget og ved å bedøve dyret. Mens drone kan ikke brukes til jakt, kan Miljødirektoratet gi dispensasjon. Erfaringsverdier og et vitenskapelig kunnskapsgrunnlag mangler.Droner som FKT II - bruk av droner som forebyggende tiltak i beitenæringenpublishedVersio

Iodine Nutrition and Iodine Supplement Initiation in Association with Thyroid Function in Mildly-to-Moderately Iodine-Deficient Pregnant and Postpartum Women

Background Whereas the adverse effects of severe iodine deficiency during pregnancy are well documented, the effects of mild-to-moderate deficiency are not well established. Objectives We aimed to explore whether iodine nutrition and timing of iodine supplement initiation are associated with thyroid function in pregnant and postpartum women. Methods In this cohort study, 137 pregnant women were enrolled and followed up at gestational weeks (GWs) 18 and 36, and 3 and 6 mo postpartum. Thyroid function tests [thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), and free thyroxine (fT4)], urinary iodine and creatinine concentration (UIC:Cr), and iodine intake (including iodine supplement use) were measured at each time point. The associations between thyroid hormone concentrations and UIC:Cr, iodine intakes, and iodine supplement use were estimated using multiple generalized estimating equation models. Results The median UIC at GW18 was 94 μg/L, indicating mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency. UIC:Cr (β; 95% CI) per 100 μg/g was negatively associated with fT3 (−0.191; −0.331, −0.051) and fT4 (−0.756; −1.372, −0.141) concentrations. Iodine intake (β; 95% CI) per 100 μg/d was positively associated with TSH (0.099; 0.022, 0.177), and negatively associated with fT3 (−0.084; −0.0141, −0.027) and fT4 (−0.390; −0.599, −0.182) concentrations. Compared with no use of supplement, those initiating an iodine-containing supplement prepregnancy and continuing through pregnancy had lower TSH (estimated means) (1.35 compared with 1.68 mIU/L, P = 0.021), and higher fT3 (4.48 compared with 4.28 pmol/L, P = 0.035) and fT4 (15.2 compared with 14.4 pmol/L, P = 0.024) concentrations. Conclusions Lower iodine availability during pregnancy and postpartum was associated with lower TSH, and higher fT3 and fT4 concentrations. The use of an iodine-containing supplement that was initiated prepregnancy and continuing through pregnancy was associated with lower TSH, and higher fT3 and fT4 concentrations, which may suggest improved thyroid function. These findings support the notion that optimization of iodine intake should start before pregnancy. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02610959.publishedVersio

Infant iodine status and associations with maternal iodine nutrition, breastfeeding status and thyroid function

Adequate iodine nutrition during infancy is required for normal thyroid function and, subsequently, brain development. However, data on infant iodine status in the first year of life are scarce. This study aimed to describe infant iodine status and further explore its associations with maternal iodine nutrition, breast-feeding status and thyroid function. In this cohort study, 113 infants were followed up at ages 3, 6 and 11 months in Norway. Infant and maternal urinary iodine concentration (UIC), maternal iodine intake, breast milk iodine concentration (BMIC), breast-feeding status and infant thyroid function tests were measured. The median infant UIC was 82 µg/l at the age of 3 months and below the WHO cut-off of 100 µg/l. Infant UIC was adequate later in infancy (median 110 µg/l at ages 6 and 11 months). Infant UIC was associated positively with maternal UIC (β = 0·33, 95 % CI (0·12, 0·54)), maternal iodine intake (β = 0·30, 95 % CI (0·18, 0·42)) and BMIC (β = 0·46, 95 % CI (0·13, 0·79)). Breastfed infants had lower median UIC compared with formula-fed infants at ages 3 months (76 v. 190 µg/l) and 6 months (105 v. 315 µg/l). Neither infant UIC nor BMIC were associated with infant thyroid function tests. In conclusion, breastfed infants in Norway are at risk of insufficient iodine intake during the first months of life. Maternal iodine nutrition is important for providing sufficient iodine intake in infants, and awareness of promoting adequate iodine nutrition for lactating women should be prioritised.publishedVersio

Development of methods relevant to feedback management (FBM) for the krill fishery

The primary objective for this project is to develop knowledge on the marine environment essential for the implementation of a Feed-Back Management (FBM) system. In terms of FBM, Marine Protected Area (MPA) development in CCAMLR Planning Domain 1 encompasses the major krill fishing grounds. Thus, data supporting FBM as an integral part of the broader management strategies of the krill fisheries within Domain 1 are critical if the fishery is to be managed by an empirical understanding of krill density, distribution, availability and predator needs. A future developed FBM system, as presented in SC-CAMLR XXXVI/BG20 requires acoustic data to be collected, processed and reported continuously during the fishing season as a measure of the available prey field. This information can be integrated with finer-scale knowledge of krill predator feeding strategies and updated through specific scientific studies at regular (multiyear) intervals. The FBM process studies will take place during the Austral summer 2018-2019.Development of methods relevant to feedback management (FBM) for the krill fisherypublishedVersio