Interpreting WW mass measurements in the SMEFT

Measurements of the $W^\pm$ mass ($m_W$) provide an important consistency check of the Standard Model (SM) and constrain the possibility of physics beyond the SM. Precision measurements of $m_W$ at hadron colliders are inferred from kinematic distributions of transverse variables. We examine how this inference is modified when considering the presence of physics beyond the SM expressed in terms of local contact operators. We show that Tevatron measurements of $m_W$ using transverse variables are transparent and applicable as consistent constraints in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) with small measurement bias. This means that the leading challenge to interpreting these measurements in the SMEFT is the pure theoretical uncertainty in how these measurements are mapped to Lagrangian parameters. We stress the need to avoid using naive combinations of Tevatron and LEPII measurements of $m_W$ without the introduction of any SMEFT theoretical error to avoid implicit UV assumptions. In a companion paper, we implement our procedure to consistently incorporate $m_W$ measurements into a global fit.Comment: 6pp, 4 figures V2: minor typo corrections and text clarifications, matches journal versio

Incorporating doubly resonant W±W^\pm data in a global fit of SMEFT parameters to lift flat directions

We calculate the double pole contribution to two to four fermion scattering through $W^{\pm}$ currents at tree level in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). We assume all fermions to be massless, $\rm U(3)^5$ flavour and $\rm CP$ symmetry. Using this result, we update the global constraint picture on SMEFT parameters including LEPII data on these charged current processes, and also include modifications to our fit procedure motivated by a companion paper focused on $W^{\pm}$ mass extractions. The fit reported is now to 177 observables and emphasises the need for a consistent inclusion of theoretical errors, and a consistent treatment of observables. Including charged current data lifts the two-fold degeneracy previously encountered in LEP (and lower energy) data, and allows us to set simultaneous constraints on 20 of 53 Wilson coefficients in the SMEFT, consistent with our assumptions. This allows the model independent inclusion of LEP data in SMEFT studies at LHC, which are projected into the SMEFT in a consistent fashion. We show how stronger constraints can be obtained by using some combinations of Wilson coefficients, when making assumptions on the UV completion of the Standard Model, or in an inconsistent analysis. We explain why strong bounds at the per-mille or sub-per-mille level on some combinations of Wilson coefficients in the Effective Lagrangian can be artificially enhanced in fits of this form in detail. This explains some of the different claims present in the literature.Comment: 27 pages + appendix, 9 fig, Acknowledgement updated with grant number

Future Strategies for a Click-and-Mortar Bank: A Case Study of the Nordea Group

The case study describes one of the most ambitious and successful attempts of creating a Nordic based large international financial service company, capable of spearheading the transition to the digital economy. Nordea is in the midst of various transformation processes across the organisation due to several years of multiple cross boarder mergers and acquisitions, new composition of the group executive management, increasing thrives towards automation of business processes to reduce costs, and different innovations involving a change of the roles of value network partners. The focus of the study is on the future e-business challenges to the Nordea Group internally, in its collaboration with network partners, in its utilization of the largest number of on-line customers of any bank (3,1 million in 2002), and the implications for the value proposition of the Nordea Group customers

Prevalens av og risikofaktorer for selvrapportert hjerteinfarkt og atrieflimmer hos samer og ikke-samer i Tromsøundersøkelsen

Journal home page at https://www.legeforeningen.no/foreningsledd/fagmed/norsk-cardiologisk-selskap/hjerteforum/.Hjerteinfarkt og atrieflimmer er ledende årsaker til mortalitet og morbiditet globalt (1). Det norske dødsårsaksregisteret viser imidlertid at risiko for å dø av hjerte- og kar- sykdommer er mer enn halvert fra år 2000 til 2016 (2). Mannsverk et al. viste i 2012 at nedgangen i mortalitet av koronarsykdom i Tromsø skyldes en nedgang i insidens (3). Senere ble det vist at 66 % av nedgangen i insidens kunne tilskrives bedring av kardio- vaskulære risikofaktorer i befolkningen (3, 4). Det er tidligere vist at mange urfolk har dårligere helse målt mot referansepo- pulasjonen. Urfolk i flere land har en større byrde av overvekt og andre kjente risikofak- torer for hjerteinfarkt og atrieflimmer (5). Den norske populasjonsbaserte studien SAMINOR 2 fra 2012-2014 i rurale samfunn med samisk befolkning har bare vist små forskjeller i kardiovaskulære risikofaktorer for samer og ikke-samer (6). Tromsøun- dersøkelsen har ikke tidligere undersøkt forekomst av og risikofaktorer for hjerte- og karsykdommer hos samer og ikke-samer tidligere. En andel av innbyggerne i Tromsø kommune anser seg som samiske, og det ville derfor være interessant å undersøke om det er forskjeller i prevalens og risiko- faktorer for selvrapportert hjerteinfarkt og atrieflimmer i et urbant miljø

Assessing the effectiveness of an electrical stunning and chilling protocol for the slaughter of Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus)

Inducing unconsciousness in fish using electrical stunning prior to slaughter may improve fish welfare and fillet quality if such practises can be disseminated into wild capture fisheries. The objectives of this study were to: 1) evaluate if an established slaughter protocol consisting of dry electrical stunning (using a coupled AC/DC current at ≈ 110 Vrms) followed by chilling could be used to stun the wild captured species Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) unconscious within 0.5 s; 2) determine if death could be induced without consciousness recovery by longer duration stunning (5 s) combined with chilling in an ice/water slurry for 6 min; and 3) examine the extent of quality defects arising from the applied slaughter protocol. We determined consciousness by examination of behavioural responses in a standardised vitality assessment. Out of a sample of 10 mackerel, 9 were assumed to be rendered unconscious by the 0.5 s stun, as determined by the presence of tonic and/or clonic muscle cramping consistent with a general epileptic insult. Assumed unconsciousness was maintained throughout chilling treatment in all fish (n = 25) following a full stun of 5 s. All fish were assumed to have died as a result of the protocol. There was no evidence of spinal damage or haematoma quality defects post filleting. These results suggest that the examined protocol is effective at slaughtering mackerel in a manner consistent with good welfare and without inducing quality defects, but further research is required to verify the unconscious condition via electroencephalogram (EEG) and before the procedure can be applied in wild capture fisheries.publishedVersio

The MTO-Framework for Implementation of E-Business Models

Venture capitalists typically require that you can explain the business model in the time it takes the lift to get to the tenth floor. Implementation typically takes years. There is a disproportionate large amount of focus on what constitutes an innovative new business model compared to implementation since most e-business failures are attributed to failures in implementation. Obviously, there is a significant lack of knowledge of factors leading to successful implementation among those responsible for practical implementation of e-business models. E-business models or IT-systems for inter-organizational purposes cannot be implemented exclusively following the traditional guidelines in the IS/IT literature. Development methods are very different from earlier, there are many more stakeholders, and the environment is much more dynamic. The paper suggests a framework highlighting important implementation factors derived from four different disciplines; venture capitalist experiences, business process reengineering, diffusion theory and system development. The contribution of the paper is a classification of implementation factors in a framework that identifies the technological, the organizational, and the market related factors relevant for implementation of e-business models