Genotype-Temperature Interaction in the Regulation of Development, Growth, and Morphometrics in Wild-Type, and Growth-Hormone Transgenic Coho Salmon

The neuroendocrine system is an important modulator of phenotype, directing cellular genetic responses to external cues such as temperature. Behavioural and physiological processes in poikilothermic organisms (e.g. most fishes), are particularly influenced by surrounding temperatures.By comparing the development and growth of two genotypes of coho salmon (wild-type and transgenic with greatly enhanced growth hormone production) at six different temperatures, ranging between 8 degrees and 18 degrees C, we observed a genotype-temperature interaction and possible trend in directed neuroendocrine selection. Differences in growth patterns of the two genotypes were compared by using mathematical models, and morphometric analyses of juvenile salmon were performed to detect differences in body shape. The maximum hatching and alevin survival rates of both genotypes occurred at 12 degrees C. At lower temperatures, eggs containing embryos with enhanced GH production hatched after a shorter incubation period than wild-type eggs, but this difference was not apparent at and above 16 degrees C. GH transgenesis led to lower body weights at the time when the yolk sack was completely absorbed compared to the wild genotype. The growth of juvenile GH-enhanced salmon was to a greater extent stimulated by higher temperatures than the growth of the wild-type. Increased GH production significantly influenced the shape of the salmon growth curves.Growth hormone overexpression by transgenesis is able to stimulate the growth of coho salmon over a wide range of temperatures. Temperature was found to affect growth rate, survival, and body morphology between GH transgenic and wild genotype coho salmon, and differential responses to temperature observed between the genotypes suggests they would experience different selective forces should they ever enter natural ecosystems. Thus, GH transgenic fish would be expected to differentially respond and adapt to shifts in environmental conditions compared with wild type, influencing their ability to survive and interact in ecosystems. Understanding these relationships would assist environmental risk assessments evaluating potential ecological effects

EuReCa ONE—27 Nations, ONE Europe, ONE Registry A prospective one month analysis of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes in 27 countries in Europe

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of the EuReCa ONE study was to determine the incidence, process, and outcome for out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) throughout Europe.MethodsThis was an international, prospective, multi-centre one-month study. Patients who suffered an OHCA during October 2014 who were attended and/or treated by an Emergency Medical Service (EMS) were eligible for inclusion in the study. Data were extracted from national, regional or local registries.ResultsData on 10,682 confirmed OHCAs from 248 regions in 27 countries, covering an estimated population of 174 million. In 7146 (66%) cases, CPR was started by a bystander or by the EMS. The incidence of CPR attempts ranged from 19.0 to 104.0 per 100,000 population per year. 1735 had ROSC on arrival at hospital (25.2%), Overall, 662/6414 (10.3%) in all cases with CPR attempted survived for at least 30 days or to hospital discharge.ConclusionThe results of EuReCa ONE highlight that OHCA is still a major public health problem accounting for a substantial number of deaths in Europe.EuReCa ONE very clearly demonstrates marked differences in the processes for data collection and reported outcomes following OHCA all over Europe. Using these data and analyses, different countries, regions, systems, and concepts can benchmark themselves and may learn from each other to further improve survival following one of our major health care events

High mounted muffler sysyem

Denna rapport behandlar vårt examensarbete som genomfördes i samarbete med Metso Dynapac. Uppdraget bestod av att ta fram ett högmonterat avgassystem för jordpackningsmaskinerna CA 252/302/402-Vibratory Roller. Dagens avgassystemsystem är bakåtmonterat och slutar under och bakom kylaren. Ett högmonterat avgassystem finns som tillbehör och fästes på det bakåtmonterade systemet. Problemet är att befintlig ljuddämparplacering försvårar kylluftens passage genom motorrummet,vilket får till följd att en onödigt stor fläkt krävs för att få tillräckligt luftflöde genom kylaren. Vidare är det ett problem att det finns ett högmonterat tillbehörssystem. Dynapac vill endast ha ett system under ett artikelnummer. Vi använde Fredy Olssons modell för princip- och primärkonstruktion för att ta fram en ny ljuddämparlösning. I principkonstruktionsfasen definierades produkten enligt PPOME-metoden. Olika lösningsförslag togs fram och utvärderades mot de uppsatta kriterierna. Två förslag gick vidare till primärkonstruktionsfasen där en komplett lösning av produkten fastställdes.This report considers our thesis work that was implemented in cooperation with Metso Dynapac. The assignment was to construct a high mounted exhaust system for the CA 252/302/402-Vibratory Roller. Today’s exhaust system is pointed backwards and ends under and below the radiator. A high mounted muffler system is available as an option and is attached to the standard muffler system. The main problem with the placement of the existing muffler, is that it makes it difficult for the cooling air to pass through the engine-room. This makes that an unnecessary large fan is needed to get enough air passage through the radiator. Another problem is that a high mounted muffler system is available as an option. Dynapac wants one muffler system and one part number. We used Fredy Olsson’s model for principle and primary construction to construct a new muffler system. In the phase of the principle construction the product was defined according to the PPOME method. Different proposals was presented and evaluated against the criterions. Two proposals went on to the phase of primary construction were a complete solution of the problem were presented.Jens Björnsson 0708-353400 Marcus Kroon 0708-459597 Mats Nilsson 0709-68900

High mounted muffler sysyem

Denna rapport behandlar vårt examensarbete som genomfördes i samarbete med Metso Dynapac. Uppdraget bestod av att ta fram ett högmonterat avgassystem för jordpackningsmaskinerna CA 252/302/402-Vibratory Roller. Dagens avgassystemsystem är bakåtmonterat och slutar under och bakom kylaren. Ett högmonterat avgassystem finns som tillbehör och fästes på det bakåtmonterade systemet. Problemet är att befintlig ljuddämparplacering försvårar kylluftens passage genom motorrummet,vilket får till följd att en onödigt stor fläkt krävs för att få tillräckligt luftflöde genom kylaren. Vidare är det ett problem att det finns ett högmonterat tillbehörssystem. Dynapac vill endast ha ett system under ett artikelnummer. Vi använde Fredy Olssons modell för princip- och primärkonstruktion för att ta fram en ny ljuddämparlösning. I principkonstruktionsfasen definierades produkten enligt PPOME-metoden. Olika lösningsförslag togs fram och utvärderades mot de uppsatta kriterierna. Två förslag gick vidare till primärkonstruktionsfasen där en komplett lösning av produkten fastställdes.This report considers our thesis work that was implemented in cooperation with Metso Dynapac. The assignment was to construct a high mounted exhaust system for the CA 252/302/402-Vibratory Roller. Today’s exhaust system is pointed backwards and ends under and below the radiator. A high mounted muffler system is available as an option and is attached to the standard muffler system. The main problem with the placement of the existing muffler, is that it makes it difficult for the cooling air to pass through the engine-room. This makes that an unnecessary large fan is needed to get enough air passage through the radiator. Another problem is that a high mounted muffler system is available as an option. Dynapac wants one muffler system and one part number. We used Fredy Olsson’s model for principle and primary construction to construct a new muffler system. In the phase of the principle construction the product was defined according to the PPOME method. Different proposals was presented and evaluated against the criterions. Two proposals went on to the phase of primary construction were a complete solution of the problem were presented.Jens Björnsson 0708-353400 Marcus Kroon 0708-459597 Mats Nilsson 0709-68900

Clinical and structural outcome 22 years after acromioplasty without tendon repair in patients with subacromial pain and cuff tears

Background: Long-term results regarding tear progression, arthropathy, and clinical scores of unrepaired rotator cuff tears are largely unknown. This study investigated whether the condition of the glenohumeral joint and rotator cuff had deteriorated at a minimum of 20 years after an acromioplasty without cuff repair and assessed the clinical results. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of a consecutive series of patients treated between 1989 and 1993 with acromioplasty without cuff repair due to subacromial pain and cuff tear. At follow-up results of x-ray, ultrasonography, and clinical scores were recorded. Results: At a mean of 22 years (range, 21-25 years), 69 patients were available for follow-up with Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index, Constant-Murley (CM) score, x-ray, and ultrasonography. Mean age at operation was 49 years (range, 19-69 years). There were 45 partial-thickness tears (PTT) and 24 full-thickness tears (FTT). Of 23 patients with FTT, 17 (74% with x-ray) had developed cuff tear arthropathy (Hamada amp;gt;= 2) and 20 (87% with ultrasonography) had progressed in tear size. Mean relative CM in patients with FTT and cuff tear arthropathy was 62 (standard deviation [SD], 27), and the mean WORC was 58% (SD, 26%). In the 43 PTT patients, 3 (7% with x-ray) had developed cuff tear arthropathy and 16 (42% with ultrasonography) had tear progression. With PTT at follow-up, the mean relative CM was 101 (SD, 22), and the mean WORC was 81% (SD, 20%). Conclusions: After an acromioplasty, most unrepaired full-thickness tears will, in long-term, increase in size and be accompanied by cuff tear arthropathy changes. Most partial thickness tears remain unchanged; cuff tear arthropathy is rare, and clinical scores generally good. (C) 2016 Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Board of Trustees. All rights reserved.Funding Agencies|Medical Research Council of Southeast Sweden [FORSS 383191]</p

Clinical characteristics and blood/serum bound prognostic biomarkers in advanced pancreatic cancer treated with gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel

Background In recent years treatment options for advanced pancreatic cancer have markedly improved, and a combination regimen of gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel is now considered standard of care in Sweden and elsewhere. Nevertheless, a majority of patients do not respond to treatment. In order to guide the individual patient to the most beneficial therapeutic strategy, simple and easily available prognostic and predictive markers are needed. Methods The potential prognostic value of a range of blood/serum parameters, patient-, and tumour characteristics was explored in a retrospective cohort of 75 patients treated with gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel (Gem/NabP) for advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in the South Eastern Region of Sweden. Primary outcome was overall survival (OS) while progression free survival (PFS) was the key secondary outcome. Result Univariable Cox regression analysis revealed that high baseline serum albumin (&gt; 37 g/L) and older age (&gt; 65) were positive prognostic markers for OS, and in multivariable regression analysis both parameters were confirmed to be independent prognostic variables (HR 0.48, p = 0.023 and HR = 0.47, p = 0.039,). Thrombocytopenia at any time during the treatment was an independent predictor for improved progression free survival (PFS) but not for OS (HR 0.49, p = 0.029, 0.54, p = 0.073), whereas thrombocytopenia developed under cycle 1 was neither related with OS nor PFS (HR 0.87, p = 0.384, HR 1.04, p = 0.771). Other parameters assessed (gender, tumour stage, ECOG performance status, myelosuppression, baseline serum CA19–9, and baseline serum bilirubin levels) were not significantly associated with survival. Conclusion Serum albumin at baseline is a prognostic factor with palliative Gem/NabP in advanced PDAC, and should be further assessed as a tool for risk stratification. Older age was associated with improved survival, which encourages further studies on the use of Gem/NabP in the elderly.Funding Agencies|Futurum, Academy for Health and Care Jonkoping County Council [695491]; Medical Research Council of Southeast Sweden [FORSS-751541]; Region Ostergotland [LIO-697991, LIO-707011, LIO-697461]; Swedish Cancer SocietySwedish Cancer Society; Sveriges Gastro-Onkologiska Forening (GOF); CKOC Region Ostergotland; Linkoping University</p

Hoxb4-deficient mice undergo normal hematopoietic development but exhibit a mild proliferation defect in hematopoietic stem cells

Enforced expression of Hoxb4 dramatically increases the regeneration of murine hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) after transplantation and enhances the repopulation ability of human severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) repopulating cells. Therefore, we asked what physiologic role Hoxb4 has in hematopoiesis. A novel mouse model lacking the entire Hoxb4 gene exhibits significantly reduced cellularity in spleen and bone marrow (BM) and a subtle reduction in red blood cell counts and hemoglobin values. A mild reduction was observed in the numbers of primitive progenitors and stem cells in adult BM and fetal liver, whereas lineage distribution was normal. Although the cell cycle kinetics of primitive progenitors was normal during endogenous hematopoiesis, defects in proliferative responses of BM Lin(-) Sca1(+) c-kit(+) stem and progenitor cells were observed in culture and in vivo after the transplantation of BM and fetal liver HSCs. Quantitative analysis of mRNA from fetal liver revealed that a deficiency of Hoxb4 alone changed the expression levels of several other Hox genes and of genes involved in cell cycle regulation. In summary, the deficiency of Hoxb4 leads to hypocellularity in hematopoietic organs and impaired proliferative capacity. However, Hoxb4 is not required for the generation of HSCs or the maintenance of steady state hematopoiesis