Flerspråkig kriskommunikation : En grundad teori om kommuners anpassning efter invånare som inte talar svenska

Globalisation and diversity has increased the presence of different languages in Swedish municipalities. As the local administrative authorities with responsibility for the public crisis management, how are these municipalities coping with crisis communication recipients that are not speaking Swedish? Through an inductive approach, this thesis formulates a theory of crisis communication adaptation by studying Swedish municipalities with a large part of inhabitants with foreign backgrounds. This thesis finds that municipalities that are not adapting their crisis communication to non-Swedish speakers follows a discourse that paints a picture of these recipients as at least understanding the Swedish language. Municipalities that do adapt their crisis communication have drawn lessons from local incidents that complements this discourse. This grounded theory is a unique combination of crisis contingency, crisis communication and foreign language speakers as recipients. Other studies that this thesis relates to has focused on the broader aspects of intercultural communication, crisis communication as a legitimating and relational building process and how globalisation may exacerbate the need to adapt to a changing community. Risk communication is encompassing these perspectives, and this thesis provides a narrowed focus of this field. Further studies may contribute to how well the understandings of the municipalities reflects upon the recipients’ knowledge of Swedish and how the recipients themselves take part in crisis communication

Flerspråkig kriskommunikation : En grundad teori om kommuners anpassning efter invånare som inte talar svenska

Globalisation and diversity has increased the presence of different languages in Swedish municipalities. As the local administrative authorities with responsibility for the public crisis management, how are these municipalities coping with crisis communication recipients that are not speaking Swedish? Through an inductive approach, this thesis formulates a theory of crisis communication adaptation by studying Swedish municipalities with a large part of inhabitants with foreign backgrounds. This thesis finds that municipalities that are not adapting their crisis communication to non-Swedish speakers follows a discourse that paints a picture of these recipients as at least understanding the Swedish language. Municipalities that do adapt their crisis communication have drawn lessons from local incidents that complements this discourse. This grounded theory is a unique combination of crisis contingency, crisis communication and foreign language speakers as recipients. Other studies that this thesis relates to has focused on the broader aspects of intercultural communication, crisis communication as a legitimating and relational building process and how globalisation may exacerbate the need to adapt to a changing community. Risk communication is encompassing these perspectives, and this thesis provides a narrowed focus of this field. Further studies may contribute to how well the understandings of the municipalities reflects upon the recipients’ knowledge of Swedish and how the recipients themselves take part in crisis communication

Our food heritage: : An study of the local barley in the High Coast of Sweden, with an interdisciplinary approach

Studiens syfte har varit att undersöka kornets roll som råvara och livsmedel i Höga Kusten ur ett gastronomiskt, agrarhistoriskt och arkeologiskt perspektiv som underlag till framtida forskning. Ett tvärvetenskapligt ramverk som innefattat de tre nämnda ämnena har använts. Metoder som använts i studien har varit en semistrukturerad intervju, ett antal e-intervjuer med lokala aktörer i Höga kusten samt en systematisk litteraturgenomgång. Kornets rolls förutsättningar i Höga Kusten som ett traditionellt livsmedel samt Höga Kustens terroir har undersökts, beskrivits och definierats. Detta med hjälp av begreppen Höga Kusten, kulinarisk region, terroir, gastronomi, historia och arkeologi. Resultatet av studien har visat att kornet som råvara har haft en historisk roll i Höga Kusten som traditionellt livsmedel från när den först påträffades på järnålder fram till idag. Dock har denna roll förändrats under årens lopp och gått från att ha varit en basvara till att falla i glömska. Idag säljs fortfarande produkter med korn, men inte med ett lokalt odlat korn. Höga Kustens naturförutsättningar med dess höga berg, djupa dalar, dess jordarter, många soltimmar och det karga klimatet, i uppsatsen benämnda som begreppet terroir, har haft en betydande påverkan för kornets förutsättningar att odlas och förädlas i regionen. Nyckelorden för studien har varit gastronomi, historia, arkeologi, klimat, terroir och tvärvetenskap.For this study we have investigated the barley grain, and its importance in the High Coast of Sweden. In this region the traditional food products are flatbread, porridge and “palt”, that traditionally contain barley. The locals have an ambition to promote the High Cost as an gastronomical region, but we believe more knowledge supporting this food heritage is needed. We have chosen to work in an interdisciplinary way, combining the disciplines of gastronomy, agricultural history and archaeology. This comparative research has in turn provided us with a broad history of barley, from the first permanent settlements in the High Coast during the Iron Age, to present day. Due to the lack of definitive description of what classifies as a local product we conclude that more research is needed in this area

"Ett jobb som vi gör tillsammans": Psykologers beskrivningar av alliansarbete med ungdomar och unga vuxna

Psykisk ohälsa är vanligt bland ungdomar och unga vuxna, och mycket forskning stöder alliansens betydelse för utfallet av terapi (Shirk et al. 2011). Dock saknas en del kunskap om hur allians skapas i terapi med gruppen ungdomar och unga vuxna (Karver et al. 2008). Syftet med denna kvalitativa studie var därför att undersöka hur psykologer beskriver att de går tillväga för att skapa och återskapa allians i psykoterapi med ungdomar och unga vuxna. Sju semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes och analyserades med hjälp av tematisk analys. Studien baserades på en tidigare studie av Binder et al. (2008a; 2008b) där terapeuter intervjuats om alliansarbete med tonåringar. Resultatet indelades i fem huvudteman utifrån resultatet i Binder et al.: Förstå problemet, trygg och förstådd, auktoritet och förtroende, motivation samt ambivalens. Att metakommunicera beskrevs som centralt både för att ungdomen ska känna sig trygg och förstådd och för att reparera alliansbrott. Psykologerna beskrev även hur de arbetar med motivation på flera sätt än vad de själva benämner som motivationsarbete. Dessutom beskrivs personkemi som betydelsefullt för att skapa allians. Svårigheten att konkretisera alliansarbete diskuteras, liksom hur resultaten kan förstås utifrån utvecklingspsykologiska teorier.Mental health problems is common among adolescents and young adults. A lot of research supports the alliance's importance for outcome (Shirk et al. 2011) but there is a lack of knowledge about how alliance in therapy is created with adolescents and young adults (Karver et al. 2008). The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate psychologists’ descriptions of how they create and re-establish alliance in psychotherapy with adolescents and young adults. Seven semi-structured interviews were executed and analyzed using thematic analysis. The study was based on a previous study by Binder et al. (2008a; 2008b) where therapists were interviewed about working with alliance in therapy with adolescents. The result was divided into five main themes based on the result from Binder et al.: Understanding the problem, secure and understood, authority and trust, motivation and ambivalence. It was described that 'meta-communication' was central for youths to feel both secure and understood, and to re-establish alliance. The psychologists described how they worked with motivation in several ways that they themselves wouldn’t define as motivational work. Furthermore personal chemistry is mentioned as important for creating alliance. The difficulty to find concrete descriptions of alliance work is discussed, as well as how the results can be understood from the perspective of developmental psychology theories

Expression of complement regulatory proteins on islets of Langerhans: a comparison between human islets and islets isolated from normal and hDAF transgenic pigs.

BACKGROUND: The expression of regulators of complement activity (RCAs) on islet cells may be of great importance for protecting them against complement-mediated lysis in the immediate posttransplant period after intraportal islet transplantation. We examined porcine and human islet cells for expression of RCA. We also examined to what extent human decay accelerating factor (hDAF) is expressed on adult and fetal islet cells isolated from hDAF transgenic (TG) pigs having a high transgene expression on endothelial cells. Moreover, the susceptibility of the various types of cells to lysis in human serum and blood was investigated. METHODS: Adult human islets (n=5), normal adult and fetal porcine islets (n=9 and n=8, respectively), and islets from adult and fetal hDAF TG pigs (n=5 and n=6, respectively) were examined. With islet single-cell suspensions and flow cytometry, adult human islet cells were examined for expression of hDAF (CD55), hCD59, and human membrane cofactor protein (hMCP; CD46), while porcine islet cells were examined for expression of pCD59 and pMCP. Islet cells from hDAF TG pigs were also examined for hDAF expression. Porcine peripheral blood lymphocytes, normal and hDAF TG porcine endothelial cell lines, a human endothelial cell line, and the human cell line U937 served as controls. Islet cytotoxicity was assayed after incubation of the islet cells with fresh human serum. Furthermore, adult islets from normal control pigs and hDAF TG pigs were exposed to fresh human blood in vitro for 60 min, and the inflammatory reaction elicited was compared between the different types of islets. RESULTS: All human islet cell preparations expressed hCD59, two of five expressed hMCP, but none expressed hDAF. Porcine islet cells expressed both pCD59 and pMCP. Normal adult porcine islet cells exposed to fresh human serum resulted in 74+/-5.4% cell lysis (mean+/-SEM, n=16). In comparison, only 1.3+/-2.8% (n=20, P<0.001) of human islet cells were lysed in the human serum. One islet cell preparation from an hDAF TG pig expressed small amounts of hDAF. This preparation from hDAF TG pigs bound significantly less C3c than did normal control islets (mean fluorescence ratio 16+/-2.2 and 58+/-4.3, respectively; P=0.046) and were partially protected from cell lysis in fresh human serum (47+/-10% and 78+/-18% cell lysis, respectively; P=0.046). The other four preparations from hDAF TG pigs were negative for hDAF and were equally susceptible to lysis as normal control islets. All fetal pancreatic islet cells from hDAF TG pigs analyzed were negative for hDAF expression. When exposed to fresh human blood in vitro, adult and fetal islets from hDAF TG pigs elicited equally strong inflammatory changes as did the normal control islets. The inflammatory changes were characterized by activation of the complement and coagulation systems, resulting in islet damage with "dumping" of insulin into the blood. CONCLUSIONS: Porcine and human islet cells express species-restricted complement regulatory proteins, with the human islet cells expressing mainly hCD59. A low expression of hDAF was detected on islet cells from one of five hDAF TG pigs. These islet cells displayed reduced islet cell cytotoxicity in fresh human serum. We conclude that protection from complement-mediated lysis will be important in the context of intraportal pig-to-human islet transplantation, and expression of a human RCA on islet cells should be beneficial in this context