Comunidade zooplanctônica de seis reservatórios no nordeste do Brasil

The aim of the present study was to investigate the zooplankton community at six reservoirs in the state of Pernambuco (Brazil). Zooplankton assemblages were identified using current literature and quantitatively analysed under a microscope and stereomicroscope. Concurrently to the sampling of zooplanktonic and phytoplanktonic communities, in situ measurements of abiotic variables, such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH, were determined using field probes and transparency was determined with a Secchi disk. Total phosphorus concentrations were used for the determination of the Trophic State Index. The reservoirs were classified between eutrophic and hypertrophic, oxygenated, with pH varying from slightly acid to alkaline, high temperatures and low water transparency. A total of 27 zooplankton taxa were identified. Phytoplankton was represented by Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Baccilariophyta and phytoflagellates. The highest richness of species was observed for Rotifera (17), followed by Crustacea (8), Protozoa (1) and Insecta (1). Rotifers shared quantitative importance with Crustacea, which were mainly represented by juvenile forms. Jazigo Reservoir presented the highest diversity and equitability. Lowest diversity and equitability were recorded at the Poço da Cruz and Mundaú reservoirs, respectively. Dissimilarity was detected between the environments studied regarding zooplankton composition and structure.O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a estrutura e dinâmica do zooplâncton em seis reservatórios do Estado de Pernambuco. A comunidade zooplanctônica foi identificada com literatura atualizada e a densidade analisada sob microscópio e estereomicroscópio. Concomitantemente às coletas das comunidades zooplanctônicas e fitoplanctônicas, foram medidas in situ algumas variáveis abióticas como temperaturas da água e do ar, oxigênio dissolvido, condutividade elétrica, pH, turbidez, usando sondas de campo, transparência com disco de Secchi. As concentrações de fósforo total foram usadas para a determinação do Índice de Estado Trófico. Os reservatórios foram classificados entre eutróficos e hipertróficos, oxigenados, pH levemente ácido a alcalino, temperaturas altas e baixos valores de transparência da água. O zooplâncton esteve composto por 27 táxons. O fitoplâncton foi representado pelas Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Baccilariophyta e Fitoflagelados. A maior riqueza de espécies foi observada para Rotifera, (17), seguida por Crustacea (8), Protozoa (1) e Insecta (1). Rotifera compartilhou a importância quantitativa com os Crustacea, estes representados principalmente pelas formas jovens. No reservatório de Jazigo, foram obtidos os maiores valores para diversidade e equitabilidade. Os valores mais baixos foram registrados em Poço da Cruz e Mundaú, respectivamente. Foi detectada dissimilaridade entre os ambientes estudados quanto à composição e estrutura do zooplâncton

Evaluation of an educational programme for socially deprived asthma patients

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an asthma education programme in moderate and severe asthma patients in a longitudinal, prospective and randomized study with a control group. Fifty-three asthmatic patients were studied, 26 of whom were assigned to the educational group and 27 to the control group.The educational group attended the programme regularly for a period of 6 months. the programme included information about asthma, instruction on the appropriate use of medication and training in the metered dose inhaler (MDI) technique, and information about the identification and control of asthma attacks and the recognition of early signs of exacerbation. the control group was submitted to the routine tare provided at the Asthma Clinic, with no formal instruction regarding asthma control. the groups were identical with regard to severity parameters, skills, lung function and quality of Life at the beginning of the trial.At the end of the study, the education group showed significant differences when compared with the control group education/control (mean values) with respect to: visits to the asthma emergency room over the previous 6 months, 0.7/2 (p=0.03); nocturnal symptoms, 0.3/0.7 (p=0.04); score of symptoms, 1.3/2 (p=0.04). Improvements were also observed in skills and quality of life, knowledge of how to deal with attacks and how to control the environmental triggering factors, 73/35 (<0.05); correct use of the MDI, 8/4 (0.001); understanding of the difference between relief and antiinflammatory medication, 86/20 (<0.05); and in the global limitation quality of life score, 28/50 (0.02).It is concluded that the educational programme led to a significant improvement in asthma morbidity and that the implantation of educational programmes is possible for special populations when these programmes are adapted to the socioeconomic profile of the patients, with a significant gain in terms of the reduction of symptoms and improved pulmonary function and quality of life of asthmatics.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Med, Lund Div, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Med, Lund Div, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Caracterização e avaliação de compostos e resíduos para adubação de bananeira.

A utilização de compostos orgânicos tem sido uma boa opção para reduzir os gastos com fertilizantes minerais, e obter aumento de produtividade de fruteiras tropicais. Entretanto, dada a grande diversidade de matérias primas utilizadas na preparação de compostos orgânicos, são necessários estudos para avaliar seus efeitos tanto sobre a liberação de nutrientes essenciais às plantas, quanto sobre a liberação de substâncias contaminantes, como os metais pesados. É importante garantir não só a melhoria da produção vegetal nos sistemas agrícolas, através das melhorias nas características do solo, mas também a proteção do meio ambiente, evitando-se a contaminação dos solos e recursos hídricos. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar a caracterização química de compostos e de resíduos orgânicos visando conhecer a faixa de variação nos teores de nutrientes e metais pesados desses materiais. A partir desses referenciais, propõe-se disponibilizar tecnologias básicas para o aproveitamento de resíduos gerados na propriedade agrícola, assim como na agroindústria, para adubação no sistema de produção orgânica, melhorando a nutrição das plantas, a renda do produtor e também mitigar os impactos ambientais gerados na disposição inadequada de resíduos.PDF. 046

Determinación de compuestos funcionales en aceite de hígado de tiburón azul (Prionace glauca) obtenido mediante tecnología verde

The objectives of this research were to obtain blue shark liver oil using supercritical CO2 and to characterize the physicochemical parameters of the oil, and the contents of squalene and vitamin A. Supercritical extractions were performed at 50 and 60 °C and pressures from 100 to 300 bar. The oil yield obtained was up to 60% and presented a profile equivalent to that of refined oils for density (0.920 – 0.922 g/mL); viscosity (52.55 – 56.47 Pas.s); refractive index (1.4760 – 1.4785); acid value (1.13 – 2.22% oleic acid); peroxides (10.47 – 24.04 meq of active O2 /kg of oil); saponification value (171.37 – 556.03 mg KOH/g oil), and iodine value (120.05 – 149.21g I2 /100g oil). The fatty acid profile indicated a majority of unsaturated fatty acids. High levels of squalene and vitamin A corroborate the high nutritional quality of this oil from an underexploited by-product with great processing potential.Los objetivos de esta investigación fueron obtener aceite de hígado de tibu­rón azul utilizando CO2 supercrítico y determinar los parámetros fisicoquímicos del aceite, el contenido de escualeno y vitamina A. Las extracciones supercríticas se realizaron a 50 °C y 60 °C y presiones de 100 a 300 bar. Los aceites obtenidos con hasta 60% de rendimiento presentaron un perfil equivalente al de los aceites refina­dos para los parámetros: densidad (0,920 – 0,922 g/mL); viscosidad (52,55 – 56,47 Pas.s); índice de refracción (1.4760 - 1.4785); acidez (1.13 - 2.22% de ácido oleico); peróxidos (10,47 - 24,04 meq de O2 activo / kg de aceite); índice de saponificación (171.37 - 556.03 mg KOH/g de aceite) e índice de yodo (120,05 – 149,21g I2 / 100g de aceite). El perfil de ácidos grasos indica una mayoría de ácidos grasos insaturados. Los altos niveles de escualeno y vitamina A corroboran la alta calidad nutricional de este aceite obtenido de un subproducto subexplotado con un gran potencial de procesamiento

Quantificação de polifenóis totais da polpa de açaí cultivar BRS-Pará.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar o teor de polifenóis da cultivar BRS-Pará

Individuals with prediabetes identified by HbA1c undergoing coronary angiography have worse cardiometabolic profile than those identified by fasting glucose

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus has well known deleterious effects on coronary artery disease (CAD). the role of milder hyperglycemic states such as prediabetes (PD) on CAD is debatable. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) has recently been advocated as a diagnostic tool for diabetes mellitus (DM) and PD. This study aims to assess the cardiometabolic risk profile and coronary lesions of patients with PD undergoing coronary angiography identified either by fasting plasma glucose (FPG) or HbA1c levels.Methods: We studied 514 individuals without previously known glucose disturbances. Their glycemic status was assessed by FPG and HbA1c (HPLC) and classified according to ADA guidelines, using each parameter independently, as having normal glucose tolerance (N), PD, or DM. CAD was defined as stenosis greater than 50% in one major coronary vessel or branch. Framingham score was calculated.Results: Subjects with PD had a similar frequency of CAD compared do N individuals by both FPG (61 vs. 59.3%) and HbA1c (55.4 vs 61.2%) (p non-significant for linear-by-linear association). PD individuals identified by FPG had worse HOMA2B (mean [95% CI] 65.4 [60.9-69.9] vs. 76.6 [71.4-81.9]) and HOMA2-IR (1.10 [0.98-1.22] vs. 0.80 [0.72-0.89]) when compared to N controls. PD individuals identified by HbA1c had higher frequency of Framingham risk above 20% (25.4 vs 11.8%), arterial hypertension (87.8 vs 72.6%), and dyslipidemia (83.8 vs 72%) compared to N individuals. PD associated with an increased number of coronary lesions only when diagnosed by HbA1c (median [interquartile interval] 2 [0-4] PD versus 1 [0-3.75] N, p = 0.03 for trend).Conclusions: HbA1c was more effective than FPG in identifying individuals with PD associated with high cardiovascular risk profile in a sample of individuals undergoing coronary angiography.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Endocrinol Unit, Diabet Ctr, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Estado Bahia, Dept Ciencias Vida, Colegiado Med, BR-41150000 Salvador, BA, BrazilCtr Endocrinol Estado Bahia CEDEBA, Salvador, BA, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Endocrinol Unit, Diabet Ctr, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Association of classical risk factors and coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetic patients submitted to coronary angiography

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). T2DM accelerates atherosclerosis alongside classical risk factors such as dyslipidemia and hypertension. This study aims to investigate the association of hyperglycemia and associated risk factors with CAD in outpatients with T2DM undergoing coronary angiography.Methods: 818 individuals referred to coronary angiography were evaluated for glucose disturbances. After exclusion of those with prediabetes, 347 individuals with T2DM and 94 normoglycemic controls were studied for BMI, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, lipids, HOMA, adiponectin, Framingham risk score, number of clinically significant coronary lesions (stenosis > 50%).Results: Among T2DM subjects, those with CAD (n = 237) had worse glycemic control (fasting glucose 162.3 + 69.8 vs. 143.4 + 48.9 mg/dL, p = 0.004; HbA1c 8.03 + 1.91 vs. 7.59 + 1.55%, p = 0.03), lower HDL (39.2 + 13.2 vs. 44.4 + 15.9 mg/dL, p = 0.003), and higher triglycerides (140 [106-204] vs. 121 [78.5-184.25] mg/dL, p = 0.002), reached more often therapeutic goals for LDL (63.4% vs. 51.4%, p = 0.037) and less often goals for HDL (26.6% vs. 37.3%, p = 0.04), when compared to CAD-free individuals (n = 110). the same differences were not seen in normoglycemic controls. in T2DM subjects HbA1c tertiles were associated with progressively higher number of significant coronary lesions (median number of lesions 2 [A1c 8.2%]; p = 0.01 for trend).Conclusions: Classic risk factors such as glycemic control and lipid profile were associated with presence of CAD in T2DM subjects undergoing coronary angiography. Glycemic control is progressively associated with number and extent of coronary lesions in patients with T2DM.Universidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP, Escola Paulista Med, Ctr Diabet, BR-04039002 São Paulo, BrazilCEDEBA, BR-41820000 Salvador, BA, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP, Escola Paulista Med, Ctr Diabet, BR-04039002 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc