Toward a political ontology of the State

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo presentar algunos de los aportes que efectúa una perspectiva ontológica política para pensar el Estado. Para ello, en primer lugar, presenta lo que se ha denominado el "giro ontológico" del pensamiento de izquierda. En segundo lugar, analiza algunas de las críticas a las que ha sido sometido, respondiendo a las mismas. Por último, se muestran ciertos alcances de esta perspectiva para pensar el Estado. En resumidas cuentas, se trata de presentar un modo posible de entender el aporte del posfundacionalismo para abordar el Estado.The aim of this article is to introduce some of the contributions of a politico-ontological perspective in order to think the State. In order to achieve this, in the first place it introduces what has been called the “ontological turn” of the left-wing thought. Secondly, it examines some of the criticisms it has received, with responses to these critiques. Finally, it shows some significant implications of this perspective in order to think the Estate. All in all, it is trying to introduce a possible way of comprehending the contribution of postfoundationalism in order to consider the State.Fil: Biset, Emmanuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad; Argentin

Ontología Política. Esbozo de una pregunta

El artículo realiza una presentación de la noción de "ontología política" como redefinición de la filosofía política. En este sentido se efectúa, en primer lugar, un rastreo histórico de algunas dificultades propias de la noción para, en segundo lugar, realizar una presentación sistemática de la misma. Fil: Biset, Emmanuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudio sobre Cultura y Sociedad; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentin

Derrida y lo político

El artículo realiza una reconstrucción de las posturas adoptadas respecto a los aportes de Derrida al pensamiento político. Desde esta reconstrucción, se presenta una hipótesis de lectura sobre la contribución de Derrida al pensamiento político que sienta una posición en los tres aspectos indicados. En primer lugar, respecto al problema del giro ético-político, para mostrar que no existe ni continuidad ni ruptura se utiliza la expresión "desplazamiento de acento". En este desplazamiento, en segundo lugar, se sostiene que no se construye una filosofía política o un pensamiento impolítico, sino que se reformulan las relaciones entre filosofía y política. De ello da cuenta el sintagma "copertenencia de filosofía y política" donde se subraya la determinación filosófica de la política y la determinación política de la filosofía. Por último, se argumenta que en el desplazamiento de la copertenencia se acentúan, por caso, la violencia y la justicia. En resumidas cuentas, el texto desarrolla una hipótesis de lectura de Derrida que afirma la existencia de un desplazamiento de acento desde la violencia a la justicia en la copertenencia de filosofía y política. Se trata, así, de someter esta hipótesis a discusión.Fil: Biset, Emmanuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudio sobre Cultura y Sociedad; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentin

Street Children: Circumstances and Problems of Street Children in North Western Ethiopia Amhara Regional State, Central Gondar Zone

The purpose of this study was to show the general circumstance that is accounted for the phenomenon of street children, and problems   in the study area. Thus, it examines the contributing factors that push children to be on the streets, encounters, and their experiences in their endeavour with street life. The study employed a qualitative method to get rich information about the actual life of participants. The study employed a Phenomenological design to investigate the daily life experience of street children. Purposive and snowballing sampling techniques in this study were employed to get participants. The sample size for this study was 23 participants in which 12 of them participated in an interview and 8 participated in focus group discussion and 3 key informants’ interview. The collected data were analyzed thematically. The findings of the study showed that children joined the street due to lack of family planning, divorce, parental detachment, poverty, attending religious education, abuse and neglect, peer pressure. The result also showed that children on street encountered rape, taking away their properties, chased away by Militia patrol and police; they are facing social exclusion, and health problems due to their dwelling conditions and inaccessibility health services. Thus, street children additionally face more troubles once they are on the street that is surely going to have an effect on their development. Keywords:  street children, circumstances, problems DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/10-23-01 Publication date: December 31st 2020

Sobre la copertenencia de filosofía y política

El objetivo del texto es presentar la noción de copertenencia de filosofía y política como una manera de entender la filosofía política que construye una mediación posible para acercarse al pensamiento político de Derrida. Con este fin, en primer lugar, vamos a analizar el texto en el cual surge la copertenencia. En segundo lugar, vamos a trabajar dos autores, Jean-Luc Nancy y Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe, quienes fueron los primeros en leer a Derrida en este sentido. Ellos han de señalar que existe una copertenencia de lo filosófico y lo político. Por ello, en tercer lugar, vamos a presentar algunas de las críticas al planteamiento de estos autores. Por último, siguiendo las críticas presentadas vamos a señalar la necesidad de pasar de la copertenencia de lo filosófico y lo político a la copertenencia de filosofía y política. En última instancia se busca volver a discutir el sintagma filosofía política para abrir su significado.Fil: Biset, Emmanuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudio sobre Cultura y Sociedad; Argentin

Assessment of Completeness of Prescription and Rational Drug Use Practice at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, North West Ethiopia

Background: Rational drug use is a tool through which safe, effective and economic medication is provided. Rational prescribing and dispensing ensure adherence to treatment and protects drug consumers from unnecessary adverse drug reactions. Objective: The assessment of the rational drug use practice and completeness of prescription is important to identify the most common drug use problem and propose appropriate interventions. Methodology: A combination of retrospective and prospective quantitative cross sectional study was conducted in outpatient pharmacy .Drug containing prescriptions (n=669) prescribed from July 1, 2014 to September 30, 2015 were selected by systematic sampling technique for prescriber indicators analysis and patients interviewed (n=90) for patient care indicator analysis. Results: The mean number of drugs per prescription was 1.46; percentage of prescriptions containing less than two drugs per prescription was 85.05%. Antibiotics and injection were prescribed in prescription were 42.04 %, 0.73% respectively. The weight of the patient was omitted 100% and the diagnoses of 87% were not written. The strength and duration of the drug were clearly stated in 81.89%, 74.61% of the prescriptions respectively. 32.74% and 20.93% of the prescriptions contain the name of the prescribers and dispensers respectively. 80 (88.89%) of patients interviewed had adequate knowledge of how to take the medication prescribed. From all drugs received by the patients only 68.03% were adequately labeled. The average counseling and dispensing time was 1 min 20sec and 11min 54 sec respectively. Conclusion: From the results of the study, we can be concluded that not all prescriptions were complete as few of them lack the necessary information. So there is a need for managerial and educational intervention to improve rational drug use and to enhance good prescribing and dispensing practices. Keywords: rational drug use, patient care indicators, prescribing indicators, EDL, tracer drug DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/60-02 Publication date:March 31st 201

CIRCUMSTANCES AND PROBLEMS OF STREET CHILDREN IN GONDAR CITY ADMINISTRATION: IN A QUALITATIVE STUDY

Objective: This research aimed to investigate the circumstances and problems of street children in Gondar city administration.   Methods: To achieve the research objectives, qualitative method and Phenomenological design were employed to investigate the daily lived experience of street children. The data were collected by using in-depth interview, FGD and key informants   and analyzed thematically.  Purposive and snowballing sampling techniques in this study were employed to select participants.   Results: The findings of the study showed that children joined the street due to lack of family planning, divorce, parental detachment, poverty, abuse, and neglect, socio- cultural issues  and peer pressure.   They are encountered rape, inadequate basic needs social exclusion, and health problems and inaccessibility of health services. Conclusion:  Street children additionally face more troubles once they are on the street that is surely going to have an effect on their development

Does Market Experience Attenuate Risk Aversion? Evidence from Landed Farm Households in Ethiopia

Risk preferences are important drivers of many relevant economic decisions of farm households. High risk aversion is a well-known trigger of "poverty traps" for farm households in developing countries. This paper analyzes the effect of market experience on risk aversion for a relatively large sample of landed farm households characterized by historically low mobility in Ethiopia. We measure risk aversion using lab-in-field experimental data, and relate it to actual market experience of household heads. We use an instrumental variable approach to address the issue of endogeneity due to possible self-selection into trade. We find that market experience attenuates risk aversion--farm households with greater market experience are more risk tolerant. Results are robust to using several alternative specifications, controlling for internal mobility, out-migration and other potential unobservables, and for violations to rational choice. Overall, this study provides strong empirical evidence that risk preferences endogenously change as a result of market experience, and can help design policies aiming to increase the productivity and efficiency of farm households.</p

Human-Wildlife Conflict in and Around Borena Sayint National Park, Northern Ethiopia

We identified causes, impact, and traditional management measures of human– wildlife conflict (HWC) in and around Borena Sayint National Park, Ethiopia. We employed questionnaires, focus group discussions, direct observations, and key informant interviews to collect data. The respondents perceived an increase in the number of wildlife population (56 respondents; 42.4%) followed by human proximity to park areas (44 respondents; 33.3%) as the main causes of HWC. The respondents perceived leopards (Panthera pardus) and spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) among the top livestock depredators while grivet monkeys (Cercopethicus aethiops) and porcupines (Hystrix cristata) were perceived as notorious crop raiders. Gelada baboons (Theropithecus gelada) were identified as both crop raiding and livestock depredator wildlife species. A majority of the respondents (113; 85.6%) perceived both crop and livestock damage as impact of wildlife on humans. Guarding was reported as the main traditional measure of conflict management. The incidents have caused economic loss to the livelihood of the local community and have adverse impacts on wildlife conservation. We recommend community-based ecotourism to mitigate the conflict