42 research outputs found
D'Arthur Buies à Gabrielle Roy, une histoire littéraire du reportage au Québec (1870-1945)
"ThĂšse en cotutelle, doctorat en Ă©tudes littĂ©raires, UniversitĂ© Laval, QuĂ©bec, Canada, PhilosophiĂŠ doctor (Ph. D. )et UniversitĂ© Paul Valery Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France"Ă la fin du XIXe siĂšcle, la naissance du journal dâinformation et du reportage au Canada français contribue Ă lâĂ©mergence dâune littĂ©rature de terrain. Au confluent dâĂ©changes, de circulations et dâinfluences, lâĂ©crivain journaliste canadien-français circule sur le territoire peu peuplĂ© et vaste dâune population francophone Ă©parpillĂ©e, un contexte Ă des kilomĂštres de la scĂ©nographie aventuriĂšre qui a nourri le genre et ses fictions les plus connues ailleurs en Occident. Cette thĂšse sâintĂ©resse Ă cette forme en dehors des genres canoniques, une littĂ©rature qui sâĂ©tend des « Deux mille deux cents lieues en chemin de fer » dâArthur Buies jusquâaux « Peuples du Canada » de Gabrielle Roy, en passant par lâenquĂȘte sur les Franco-AmĂ©ricains de Jules Fournier et par lâincursion chez les draveurs dâEva SenĂ©cal. En amont, câest la densitĂ© introspective des voyages dâArthur Buies dans les annĂ©es 1870 qui incarne lâancĂȘtre du grand reportage au QuĂ©bec, tandis quâen aval, câest la luciditĂ© et lâintimisme de lâĂ©criture de Gabrielle Roy Ă travers le Canada qui constituent lâaboutissement de ce corpus encore largement mĂ©connu. De fait, la thĂšse interroge prĂ©cisĂ©ment lâabsence du reportage dans lâhistoire de la littĂ©rature quĂ©bĂ©coise Ă travers lâidĂ©e dâun dĂ©calage entre la pratique littĂ©raire du reportage au QuĂ©bec et les dĂ©finitions les plus rĂ©pandues du grand reportage français ou du journalisme littĂ©raire amĂ©ricain. En analysant les spĂ©cificitĂ©s dâun corpus en contrepoint dâune toile mondiale complexe, lâĂ©tude jette ainsi un Ă©clairage sur les raisons qui ont contribuĂ© Ă lâoubli du reportage, suggĂ©rant du mĂȘme mouvement quâune telle fragilitĂ© recouvre aussi sans doute la singularitĂ© mĂȘme dâun corpus Ă lâintersection de la culture littĂ©raire et du dĂ©sordre du monde.At the end of the 19th century, the birth of the commercial newspaper contributed to the emergence of a new genre, the reportage, and the development of literary journalism in the Western World. Yet, newspapers in French Canada evolved in a particular context, very different from the more adventurous settings that contributed to reportageâs impressive reputation in North American and French culture. In Quebec, journalists traveled and worked on a vast territory sparsely populated by the French-speaking population. This thesis shed lights on this context and presents the history of literary journalism in the province, from Arthur Buiesâs âDeux mille deux cents lieues en chemin de ferâ to Gabrielle Royâs âPeople of Canadaâ, including lesser-known works such as Jules Fournierâs pieces on the Franco-Americans and Eva SenĂ©calâs incursion into the lives of log drivers. From the 1870s to the 1940s, the study of reportage reveals a great number of articles, most of them unknown, published in different newspapers. The absence of reportage from the history of literature is at the heart of this thesis. By examining literary journalism in French Canada alongside the most widely used definitions of the âgrand reportageâ and American literary journalism, this study highlights some of the reasons that account for this absence, suggesting at the same time that the fragility of the corpus also encompasses the uniqueness of this body of work located at the intersection of literary culture and field journalism
European Bat Lyssavirus Transmission among Cats, Europe
We identified 2 cases of European bat lyssavirus subtype 1 transmission to domestic carnivores (cats) in France. Bat-to-cat transmission is suspected. Low amounts of virus antigen in cat brain made diagnosis difficult
Evaluation of the tuberculin skin test and the interferon-Îł release assay for TB screening in French healthcare workers
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Using French cut-offs for the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), results of the TST were compared with the results of an Interferon-Îł Release Assay (IGRA) in Healthcare Workers (HCW) after contact to AFB-positive TB patients.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Between May 2006 and May 2007, a total of 148 HCWs of the University Hospital in Nantes, France were tested simultaneously with IGRA und TST. A TST was considered to indicate recent latent TB infection (LTBI) if an increase of >10 mm or if TST â„ 15 mm for those with no previous TST result was observed. For those with a positive TST, chest X-ray was performed and preventive chemotherapy was offered.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>All HCWs were BCG-vaccinated. The IGRA was positive in 18.9% and TST â„ 10 mm was observed in 65.5%. A recent LTBI was believed to be highly probable in 30.4% following TST. Agreement between IGRA and TST was low (kappa 0.041). In 10 (16.7%) out of 60 HCWs who needed chest X-ray following TST the IGRA was positive. In 9 (20%) out of 45 HCWs to whom preventive chemotherapy was offered following TST the IGRA was positive. Of those considered TST-negative following the French guidelines, 20.5% were IGRA-positive. In a two-step strategy - positive TST verified by IGRA - 18 out of 28 (64.3%) IGRA-positive HCWs would not have been detected using French guidelines for TST interpretation.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The introduction of IGRA in contact tracings of BCG-vaccinated HCWs reduces X-rays and preventive chemotherapies. Increasing the cut-off for a positive TST does not seem to be helpful to overcome the effect of BCG vaccination on TST.</p
Du voyageur à la reporter, des proximités variables
Cet article propose de comparer les usages de lâintime dans le voyage en Californie dâArthur Buies et dans les reportages de Gabrielle Roy sur lâOuest canadien. Il existe une filiation trĂšs forte entre le rĂ©cit de voyage journalistique et le grand reportage. Les voyageurs et les reporters comme Buies et Roy mettent en scĂšne un « je » autobiographique dont la force est dâĂ©tablir une forme dâintimisme en contrepoint du mouvement des transports, des impondĂ©rables du territoire et des rencontres avec des Ă©trangers. Avec le dĂ©veloppement des mĂ©dias de masse, le reporter se distingue toutefois radicalement du voyageur dans son rapport Ă lâaltĂ©ritĂ©. Roy tente de rĂ©duire la distance entre le lecteur et ses interlocuteurs, alors que Buies sâisole des Ă©trangers pour rester au plus prĂšs du lectorat. Porteuse des traces dâune transformation historique, leur comparaison Ă©claire la reconfiguration du rapport entre le journaliste, le lectorat et les figures dâaltĂ©ritĂ© au tournant du siĂšcle.Comparing Arthur Buiesâs travel in California and Gabrielle Roy's articles on western Canada, this paper explores the different purposes of intimacy in travel writing published in newspapers and in the genre of reportage, two genres historically linked. Travelers and journalists such as Buies or Roy use an autobiographical « I » establishing a sense of intimacy in counterpoint with the travel contingencies, the outside and the various encounters with strangers. With the rise of news and mass media, however, the reporter develops a different relationship with his subject from the ones the traveler had. In her articles, Roy tries to bring the reader closer to the people she meets and describes, whereas Buies rather isolates himself throughout his journey remaining as close as possible to his reader. Their comparison reveals the reconfiguration of the relationship between the journalist, the readership and alterity at the turn of the century
Les sillons du journal et du livre chez Albert Laberge et Damase Potvin
Le prĂ©sent article cherche Ă dĂ©crire les usages des supports du livre et du journal chez Albert Laberge et Damase Potvin. Il sâagit dâinterroger la maniĂšre dont ces derniers ont conçu et menĂ© la publication de leurs textes en livres et en pĂ©riodiques, en fonction des contraintes Ă©ditoriales dâun milieu littĂ©raire marquĂ© par lâidĂ©ologie du terroir. Lâarticle Ă©claire Ă la fois les prescriptions entourant lâobjet littĂ©raire de lâĂ©poque et les stratĂ©gies diamĂ©tralement opposĂ©es des deux Ă©crivains-journalistes en sâattachant, dâune part, Ă lâinfluence du support journalistique dans la construction du seul roman de Laberge, La Scouine, publiĂ© en journal, puis en tirage limitĂ© de 60 exemplaires; et, dâautre part, Ă lâabondance de la production livresque et journalistique de Damase Potvin, partisan de la veine rĂ©gionaliste. Ces aspects de leur production permettront non seulement de circonscrire les dĂ©marches inversĂ©es de Laberge et Potvin, mais Ă©galement de saisir lâimportance distincte de deux supports, le journal et le livre, pour la littĂ©rature de lâĂ©poque.This paper seeks to describe the use by Albert Laberge and Damase Potvin of the book and of the newspaper as distinctive means of publication. Both writers shaped their texts into one medium or the other according to turn-of-the-century conservative literary ideologies. While describing the eraâs publishing context in Quebec and the constraints it placed on the two writers, this paper examines the diametrically opposed strategies chosen by Laberge and Potvin. Laberge published his only novel, La Scouine, first in various newspapers, and then decided to withdraw the novel from the literary world, except for a small number of self-published copies. In contrast, Potvin, immersed in the âterroirâ or regional movement, published an abundance of newspaper articles and books. These differing aspects of their production methods and their inverted approaches provide important insight into the specific characteristics of each medium â the newspaper and the bookâ but also into the sizeable impact that these two distinct publication methods had on Quebecâs literature at the time
« Elles sont si peu que nous ne les voyons pas. » Les femmes et la prison dans les reportages de La Vie en rose
Cette Ă©tude porte sur un dossier intitulĂ© « Les femmes en prison » paru en 1983 dans La Vie en rose et plus prĂ©cisĂ©ment sur les grands reportages Ă©crits par Lise Moisan, Francine Pelletier et Françoise GuĂ©nette. Lâanalyse met en lumiĂšre la relation entre lâĂ©criture du reportage au fĂ©minin et la reprĂ©sentation des femmes en prison. Ă travers lâexamen de ces articles, il sâagira, dâune part, de se demander comment les journalistes de la revue fĂ©ministe se rĂ©approprient le reportage, genre journalistique quâelles critiquent dĂšs leur premier numĂ©ro. Il sâagira, dâautre part, de mesurer comment lâimage des femmes en prison dans la revue se distingue du stĂ©rĂ©otype de la femme criminelle, figure exceptionnelle surreprĂ©sentĂ©e dans lâespace mĂ©diatique, mais aussi de celui des femmes en prison dans les grands journaux dâinformation. Le dossier offre en effet une reprĂ©sentation singuliĂšre des femmes et du monde pĂ©nitentiaire. Le parallĂšle entre les reportages dans La Vie en rose et les discours sur les femmes en prison vise ainsi Ă explorer la façon dont les reporters prĂ©conisent une Ă©criture de terrain qui met Ă distance un certain nombre dâidĂ©es reçues Ă travers une poĂ©tique fĂ©ministe du reportage.This study focuses on a dossier titled: âWomen in Prisonâ, published in 1983 in La Vie en rose, and, in particular, on the in-depth feature stories of Lise Moisan, Francine Pelletier and Françoise GuĂ©nette. The analysis sheds light on the relation between the writings of women journalists and the representation of women in prison. The purpose is twofold: 1) to examine how the journalists writing for this womenâs magazine re-appropriated reporting, the journalistic genre they criticized starting with their first issue, and 2) to measure how the magazineâs image of women in prison differs not only from the stereotype of the woman criminal, a figure exceptionally over-represented in the media, but also from that of women in prison as portrayed in the major newspapers. The dossier, in effect, offers a singular representation of women and prison life. The parallel between the reports in La Vie en rose and discourses on women in prison thus aims to explore how reporters recommend a writing that is based on field research and maintains a distance from many received ideas through a feminist poetics of reportage
DEUX CANADIENS FRANĂAIS DANS LA COURSE AUTOUR DU MONDE
Le reportage devient au QuĂ©bec, comme dans le reste de lâOccident, lâĂ©lĂ©ment central de la presse dâinformation dans la foulĂ©e des modifications socioĂ©conomiques et techniques qui ont transformĂ© les journaux Ă la fin du xixe siĂšcle. Parmi celles-ci, le dĂ©veloppement fulgurant des transports et des communications sâimbrique dans les modalitĂ©s qui permettent la naissance du genre. ComposĂ© au rythme du tĂ©lĂ©graphe, des trains et des bateaux, le reportage sâavĂšre, dĂšs ses balbutiements, intimement liĂ© Ă la notion de dĂ©placement ; il sâagit dâun moyen de couvrir lâactualitĂ©, mais Ă©galement dâun objet de fascination. Le mouvement du reporter apparaĂźt comme une fin en soi dans un type dâarticles courant au tournant du siĂšcle, le reportage-Ă©vĂ©nement, dont le meilleur exemple est sans conteste le tour du monde de Lorenzo Prince et dâAuguste Marion, qui participent pour La Presse Ă la course dans laquelle se lancent diffĂ©rents journaux sur la planĂšte en 1901. Le prĂ©sent article vise Ă analyser les contraintes de lâĂ©criture du tour du monde telles que les reporters de La Presse sâen sont saisis, mais Ă©galement Ă rĂ©flĂ©chir la spĂ©cificitĂ© de cette sĂ©rie, artefact issu de la traversĂ©e des frontiĂšres de deux reporters canadiens-français au tournant du siĂšcle.In QuĂ©bec as elsewhere in the West, the news story (reportage) became the basic element of the information press as newspapers were transformed by social, economic, and technical change in the late 19th century. The meteoric development of transportation and communications became part of the conditions that allowed the genre to emerge. Written to the rhythm of telegraph, ships, and trains, the news story was intimately associated from the beginning with the idea of moving around as a way of covering current events, but also as something fascinating in itself. The reporterâs movement appeared as an end in itself in a type of article published at the turn of the century, the âreportage-Ă©vĂ©nementâ (âevent/news storyâ). The best example of this is undoubtedly the trip around the world of Lorenzo Prince and Auguste Marion, who participated on behalf of La Presse in a race involving a number of newspapers in different countries in 1901. This article seeks to analyze the constraints on the writing of the trip around the world as the two reporters handled it, but also to think about the specific characteristics of this series, an artefact produced by the movement of two French Canadian reporters across borders at the turn of the century.El reportaje llegĂł a ser, en Quebec, al igual que en el resto de Occidente, el elemento fundamental de la prensa de informaciĂłn, siguiendo las huellas de las modificaciones socioeconĂłmicas y tĂ©cnicas que transformaron los diarios a finales del siglo XIX. Entre estas, el desarrollo fulgurante de los transportes y las comunicaciones se imbricĂł en las modalidades que dieron lugar al nacimiento del gĂ©nero. Compuesto al ritmo del telĂ©grafo, los trenes y los barcos, el reportaje estuvo, desde sus balbuceos, Ăntimamente vinculado a la nociĂłn de desplazamiento, medio para cubrir la actualidad, pero tambiĂ©n objeto de fascinaciĂłn. El movimiento del reportero aparece como un fin en sĂ en un tipo de artĂculos corriente en el cambio de siglo, el reportaje evento, cuyo mejor ejemplo es sin duda alguna la vuelta al mundo de Lorenzo Prince y Auguste Marion, quienes participaron, para el diario La Presse, en la carrera en la cual se lanzaron, en 1901, diferentes diarios en el planeta. El presente artĂculo apunta a analizar las limitaciones de lo escrito sobre la vuelta al mundo, como se apoderaron de ello los reporteros de La Presse, pero tambiĂ©n invita a reflexionar sobre la especificidad de esta serie, artefacto proveniente del cruce de las fronteras por dos reporteros canadienses franceses en el cambio de siglo
From Arthur Buies to Gabrielle Roy, a literary history of reportage in Quebec (1870-1945)
Ă la fin du XIXe siĂšcle, la naissance du journal dâinformation et du reportage au Canada français contribue Ă lâĂ©mergence dâune littĂ©rature de terrain. Au confluent dâĂ©changes, de circulations et dâinfluences, lâĂ©crivain journaliste canadien-français circule sur le territoire peu peuplĂ© et vaste dâune population francophone Ă©parpillĂ©e, un contexte Ă des kilomĂštres de la scĂ©nographie aventuriĂšre qui a nourri le genre et ses fictions les plus connues ailleurs en Occident. Cette thĂšse sâintĂ©resse Ă cette forme en dehors des genres canoniques, une littĂ©rature qui sâĂ©tend des « Deux mille deux cents lieues en chemin de fer » dâArthur Buies jusquâaux « Peuples du Canada » de Gabrielle Roy, en passant par lâenquĂȘte sur les Franco-AmĂ©ricains de Jules Fournier et par lâincursion chez les draveurs dâEva SenĂ©cal. En amont, câest la densitĂ© introspective des voyages dâArthur Buies dans les annĂ©es 1870 qui incarne lâancĂȘtre du grand reportage au QuĂ©bec, tandis quâen aval, câest la luciditĂ© et lâintimisme de lâĂ©criture de Gabrielle Roy Ă travers le Canada qui constituent lâaboutissement de ce corpus encore largement mĂ©connu. De fait, la thĂšse interroge prĂ©cisĂ©ment lâabsence du reportage dans lâhistoire de la littĂ©rature quĂ©bĂ©coise Ă travers lâidĂ©e dâun dĂ©calage entre la pratique littĂ©raire du reportage au QuĂ©bec et les dĂ©finitions les plus rĂ©pandues du grand reportage français ou du journalisme littĂ©raire amĂ©ricain. En analysant les spĂ©cificitĂ©s dâun corpus en contrepoint dâune toile mondiale complexe, lâĂ©tude jette ainsi un Ă©clairage sur les raisons qui ont contribuĂ© Ă lâoubli du reportage, suggĂ©rant du mĂȘme mouvement quâune telle fragilitĂ© recouvre aussi sans doute la singularitĂ© mĂȘme dâun corpus Ă lâintersection de la culture littĂ©raire et du dĂ©sordre du monde.At the end of the 19th century, the birth of the commercial newspaper contributed to the emergence of a new genre, the reportage, and the development of literary journalism in the Western World. Yet, newspapers in French Canada evolved in a particular context, very different from the more adventurous settings that contributed to reportageâs impressive reputation in North American and French culture. In Quebec, journalists traveled and worked on a vast territory sparsely populated by the French-speaking population. This thesis shed lights on this context and presents the history of literary journalism in the province, from Arthur Buiesâs âDeux mille deux cents lieues en chemin de ferâ to Gabrielle Royâs âPeople of Canadaâ, including lesser-known works such as Jules Fournierâs pieces on the Franco-Americans and Eva SenĂ©calâs incursion into the lives of log drivers. From the 1870s to the 1940s, the study of reportage reveals a great number of articles, most of them unknown, published in different newspapers. The absence of reportage from the history of literature is at the heart of this thesis. By examining literary journalism in French Canada alongside the most widely used definitions of the âgrand reportageâ and American literary journalism, this study highlights some of the reasons that account for this absence, suggesting at the same time that the fragility of the corpus also encompasses the uniqueness of this body of work located at the intersection of literary culture and field journalism