117 research outputs found

    Loss of Sialic Acid Binding Domain Redirects Protein σ1 to Enhance M Cell-Directed Vaccination

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    Ovalbumin (OVA) genetically fused to protein sigma 1 (pσ1) results in tolerance to both OVA and pσ1. Pσ1 binds in a multi-step fashion, involving both protein- and carbohydrate-based receptors. To assess the relative pσ1 components responsible for inducing tolerance and the importance of its sialic binding domain (SABD) for immunization, modified OVA-pσ1, termed OVA-pσ1(short), was deleted of its SABD, but with its M cell targeting moiety intact, and was found to be immunostimulatory and enhanced CD4+ and CD8+ T cell proliferation. When used to nasally immunize mice given with and without cholera toxin (CT) adjuvant, elevated SIgA and serum IgG responses were induced, and OVA-pσ1(s) was more efficient for immunization than native OVA+CT. The immune antibodies (Abs) were derived from elevated Ab-forming cells in the upper respiratory tissues and submaxillary glands and were supported by mixed Th cell responses. Thus, these studies show that pσ1(s) can be fused to vaccines to effectively elicit improved SIgA responses

    Molecular signatures of T-cell inhibition in HIV-1 infection

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    Le Groupement universitaire pour la Société des Nations face aux crises des années trente

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    Le GUSDN est nĂ© en 1922 avec la volontĂ© de recruter parmi les jeunes, les Ă©tudiants, les professeurs et s’intĂ©resse aussi au monde ouvrier. Dynamique en France comme Ă  l’étranger, il contribue Ă  la fondation de la FĂ©dĂ©ration universitaire internationale pour la SDN - les annĂ©es 1923-1926 en constituent l’apogĂ©e. Dix ans plus tard les conditions ont changĂ©. La SDN connaĂźt ses premiĂšres crises. Le GUSDN prend position entre 1931 et 1938 bien que traversĂ© par des crises internes et peinant de plus en plus Ă  se dĂ©velopper. Son dĂ©pĂ©rissement s’explique d’abord et avant tout par les Ă©checs de l’organisation qu’il dĂ©fend, victime aussi de l’évolution de la situation politique française, du «vieillissement» de ses cadres, de la concurrence d’autres organisations. Son apport essentiel est peut-ĂȘtre Ă  rechercher ailleurs car le GUSDN, patronnĂ© par des aĂźnĂ©s comme Henry de Jouvenel, a d’abord Ă©tĂ© un lieu de formation pour de jeunes gens intĂ©ressĂ©s par la politique et les questions internationales.Birebent Christian. Le Groupement universitaire pour la SociĂ©tĂ© des Nations face aux crises des annĂ©es trente. In: MatĂ©riaux pour l'histoire de notre temps, n°74, 2004. Jeunesses et engagements : d'un mai Ă  l'autre (France : 1936-1968) pp. 14-19

    Militer pour l’ArmĂ©nie et la SociĂ©tĂ© des Nations

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    Relationships between pacifists of Western Europe and activists of the Armenian cause existed before World War I and the genocide. Among those mobilizing in support of the Armenians after 1915 are found personalities who played a major role in promoting the League of Nations in France and in the United Kingdom, such as Lord James Bryce, Lord Robert Cecil, and Aneurin Williams. This article focuses on the main features of the interest these “moderate pacifists” held in the fate of the Armenians and asks whether these bonds lead to effective actions
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