Thrombus Localization By Using Streptokinase Containing Vesicular Systems

Our research focused on the preparation of vesicular drug delivery systems, such as liposomes, noisomes, and sphingosomes, for achieving slow release of entrapped proteins in the circulation to increase half-life, to mask immunogenic properties, and to protect against loss of enzymatic activity. We prepared, characterized, and monitored the biodistribution of three types of vesicular systems ( liposomes, niosomes, and sphingosomes) containing streptokinase. For biodistribution stuides, radiolabelled streptokinase dispersions were injected into the ear vein of female rabbits in the weight of 2.5 - 3 kg weight. Following the application, rabbits were sacrificed, then organs of these animals were removed and radioactivity of organs was measured by well-type gamma counter. The comparison of the biodistribution results of the free streptokinase with the streptokinase vesicles showed that incorporation of the enzyme into the vesicles changed the biodistribution of the drug and by the entrapment of the streptokinase in the vesicles, thrombus uptake and imaging quality were improved.WoSScopu

Comparison Of Multichannel Intraluminal Impedance-Ph Monitoring And Reflux Scintigraphy In Pediatric Patients With Suspected Gastroesophageal Reflux

AIM To evaluate the agreement of multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH monitoring (MII-pHM) and gastroesophageal reflux scintigraphy (GES) for the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease. METHODS Seventy-five consecutive patients with suspected gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) underwent 24-h combined MII-pHM recording and one hour radionuclide scintigraphy during the course of the MII-pHM study. Catheters with 6 impedance channels and 1 pH sensor were placed transnasally. Impedance and pH data analysis were performed automatically and manually. For impedance monitoring, reflux was defined as a retrograde 50% drop in impedance, starting distally and propagating retrogradely to at least the next two more proximal measuring channels. Reflux index (RI, percentage of the entire record that esophageal pH is < 4.0) greater than 4.2% for pHM and number of refluxes more than 50 for 24 h for MII were accepted as positive test results. At scintigraphy, 240 frames of 15 seconds duration were acquired in the supine position. Gastroesophageal reflux was defined as at least one reflux episode in the esophagus. After scintigraphic evaluation, impedance-pH recordings and scintigraphic images were evaluated together and agreement between tests were evaluated with Cohen’s kappa. RESULTS Sufficient data was obtained from 60 (80%) patients (34 male, 56.7%) with a mean age of 8.7 ± 3.7 years (range: 2.5-17.3 years; median: 8.5 years). Chronic cough, nausea, regurgitation and vomiting were the most frequent symptoms. The mean time for recording of MII-pHM was 22.8 ± 2.4 h (range: 16-30 h; median: 22.7 h). At least one test was positive in 57 (95%) patients. According to diagnostic criteria, GERD was diagnosed in 34 (57.7%), 44 (73.3%), 47 (78.3%) and 51 (85%) patients by means of pHM, MII, GES and MII-pHM, respectively. The observed percentage agreements/κ values for GES and pHM, GES and MII, GES and MII-pHM, and MII and pHM are 48.3%/-0.118; 61.7%/-0.042; 73.3%/0.116 and 60%/0.147, respectively. There was no or slight agreement between GES and pHM alone, MII alone or MII-pHM. pH monitoring alone missed 17 patients compared to combined MII-pHM. The addition of MII to pH monitoring increased the diagnosis rate by 50%. CONCLUSION No or slight agreement was found among pH monitoring, MII monitoring, MII-pH monitoring and GES for the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease.PubMedWoSScopu

Comparison Of Wire-Guided Localization And Radio-Guided Occult Lesion Localization In Preoperative Localization Of Nonpalpable Breast Lesions

Background/aim: Breast lesions that are not palpable on physical examination but considered suspicious for malignancy on mammography or ultrasonography should be marked before surgery. Wire-guided localization (WGL) is the most frequently used method for preoperative marking of nonpalpable breast lesions (NPBLs). An alternative is marking by a radioactive agent (radio-guided occult lesion localization; ROLL). The present study aimed to compare WGL and ROLL for preoperative marking. Materials and methods: The study included 25 patients marked by ROLL and 11 patients marked by WGL. The groups were compared in terms of patient and lesion characteristics, method-related characteristics, hospital stay duration, complications, cosmetic outcomes, and rate of correct marking. Results: Suspicious lesions were marked with a success rate of 95.6% by ROLL and 100% by WGL. Complications and pain sensation rates were found significantly lower in the ROLL group compared to WGL. Although ROLL was considered more advantageous in terms of hospital stay duration, positive surgical margins, cosmetic outcomes, and excision duration, the differences between the groups were not statistically significant. Conclusion: ROLL, which is a simple, comfortable, and reliable method, could be used as an alternative to the WGL in preoperative marking of NPBLs.WoSScopu