Investigation of The Clinical and Microbiological Effects of Different Toothpastes: In-Vivo Study

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical, antibacterial and microbiological effects of the non-fluoride and fluoride toothpastes. Materials and Methods: In this study eighty children (3 to 12 years old) were divided into four groups and followed for four weeks. First and second groups (40 children, 6-12 years) used different fluoride toothpastes; third and fourth groups (40 children, 3-5 years) used nonfluoride toothpastes. The halitosis score, plaque index, gingival index, bleeding index, buffering capacities, Mutans Streptococci, Lactobacilli and yeast counts were recorded on 1st day, 7th day, 15th day and 30th day. First and second group; third and fourth group were compared with each other. Data were analyzed statistically by using Mann Whitney U tests, Wilcoxon Sign Test, Fisher Freeman Halton Exact Test and Mc Nemar Test with a significance level of p<0.05. Results: Statistically significant association was not found in the mean scores of halitosis, gingival index, plaque index, bleeding index, buffering capacity, Mutans Streptococci, Lactobacilli and yeast (p>0.05), between groups on first day. All four toothpastes produced statistically significant reductions from 1st day to 30th days in scores of halitosis, plaque index, gingival index, bleeding index and buffering capacity (p<0.01; p<0.05), within groups. Statistically significant reductions was found according to in Mutans Streptococci, counts from 1st day to 30th day for group 1, 2 and 3 (p<0.05); but was not found statistically significant changes in group 4 on the 30th days(p>0.05). Conclusion: All tested toothpastes proved to be safe and significantly effective clinical and microbiological features

Recent Advances in Health Biotechnology During Pandemic

The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in 2019, cut the epoch that will make profound fluctuates in the history of the world in social, economic, and scientific fields. Urgent needs in public health have brought with them innovative approaches, including diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. To exceed the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, various scientific authorities in the world have procreated advances in real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) based diagnostic tests, rapid diagnostic kits, the development of vaccines for immunization, and the purposing pharmaceuticals for treatment. Diagnosis, treatment, and immunization approaches put for- ward by scientific communities are cross-fed from the accrued knowledge of multidisciplinary sciences in health biotechnology. So much so that the pandemic, urgently prioritized in the world, is not only viral infections but also has been the pulsion in the development of novel approaches in many fields such as diagnosis, treatment, translational medicine, virology, mi- crobiology, immunology, functional nano- and bio-materials, bioinformatics, molecular biol- ogy, genetics, tissue engineering, biomedical devices, and artificial intelligence technologies. In this review, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of various scientific areas of health biotechnology are discussed

Cytotoxic effects of different detergent containing children's toothpastes on human gingival epithelial cells

Background This study aimed to evaluate possible cytotoxic effects to gingival epithelial cells exposed to children toothpastes containing different detergent. Methods Tissues required for the isolation of human gingival epithelial cells were obtained by biopsy during the extraction of the impacted third molar tooth. Toothpaste solutions of different concentrations were prepared from five different children's toothpastes with different detergent contents. Isolated gingival epithelial cells were stimulated with experimental groups consisting of toothpaste solutions (Colgate, Sensodyne, Splat, Nenedent, Perlodent) at different concentrations and a control group consisting of complete Dulbecco's modified eagle medium. After the experiments, cell viability was evaluated using flow cytometry. 2 Way ANOVA was used to see the interaction effect of the main effects of toothpaste solution and concentration factors. Pairwise comparisons were made by Tukey post hoc tests. In the study, the significance level was taken as 0.05. Results As a result of the analysis, it was seen that the toothpaste solution and concentration factors and the interactions of these 2 factors were effective on the viable, early apoptotic, late apoptotic and necrotic cell rates. The statistically highest live cell ratios were detected in Splat's toothpaste solutions (90.14% at 0.4% concentration) after the control group (90.82%) and the group with the lowest viability values was determined in Colgate group (75.74% at 0.4% concentration) (p < 0.05). Conclusions According to the results of the study, it was observed that toothpastes containing SLS affected the viability of cells more negatively than toothpastes with other detergent contents