SUBTITLING FILM Perjalanan Imam Al Bukhari dalam Mencari Hadist pada Series Cartoon Arab Shadaqa Rasulullah Episode 1-5

In this era, the Arabic language learning process must be able to adapt to increasingly modern developments. Meanwhile, Arabic language learning in schools still uses direct methods which are boring for students. As time goes by, it is hoped that teachers will be able to make the best use of media. To create a fun and interesting learning atmosphere. Utilizing audio-visual media is one way that teachers can use to teach Arabic. Translation media is a tool that can support the Arabic language learning process. One of them is film translation which is quite relevant for the current generation compared to studying using monotonous books. So making products based on cartoon film series becomes a valuable opportunity. The creation of a cartoon subtitle series in Arabic into Indonesian is to attract female students studying at Islamic education-based schools or the wider community to learn Arabic. As is known, getting used to Arabic certainly requires an Arabic language environment. Seeing the increasingly developing times and the many media used in learning, of course Arabic is no different. Using the Arabic cartoon series for learning and familiarizing yourself with Arabic is the right choice because it is not boring and can be watched by all ages

Social and Cultural Capital and Learners’ Cognitive Ability: Issues and Prospects for Educational Relevance, Access and Equity Towards Digital Communication in Indonesia

In the educational context, the necessity of recognizing the structure of relations among social and educational institutions by examining how individuals’ different social and cultural experiences affect the educational learning outcomes towards global digital communication. The current study examined the interplay of Social and Cultural Capital orientation, cognitive learning ability, and family background. The descriptive correlational research design was employed. It adopted two research instruments, namely the Social and Cultural Capital Questionnaire (SCCQ) and the Otis-Lennon Scholastic Ability tests (OLSAT), to a total of 377 undergraduate college students of select universities in Indonesia. The results of the study showed that the respondents manifest a high level of social and cultural capital orientation, with literacy having the highest factor. Likewise, the respondents have an average cognitive level of ability. Test of difference showed that respondents whose parents with high educational achievement exhibit high social competence, social solidarity, cultural competence, and extraversion, social solidity, and extraversion. Similarly, fathers’ education is the single variable which spelled difference on the student’s cognitive ability implying students whose fathers have high academic qualification exhibit high cognitive ability. Test of relationship showed that literacy practices and global-cultural competence are correlated to students’ cognitive ability. Finally, family income is a predictor of students’ high level of cognitive ability and social and cultural capital orientation. The implications of the results were discussed within, and suggestions were made for future research

Production of Bacterial Cellulose Using Low-cost Media

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a polymer of glucose monomers, which has unique properties including high crystallinity and high strength. It has the potential to be used in biomedical applications such as making artificial blood vessels, wound dressings, and in the paper making industry. Unlike cellulose from plant sources, it is not contaminated with non-cellulose compounds, making it a candidate for medical use. The aim of this thesis was to optimize BC production using the Gram negative bacterium Gluconacetobacter xylinus DSM 46604, including identifying cheaper ingredients for the culture media. Initial trials were done on solid media and in shake flasks. Trials were then scaled and done in 3-L and 5-L conventional bioreactors. Three different processing strategies were used in the bioreactors: batch, fed-batch and continuous. The morphology of the BC depended on the growth conditions. Thin sheets were formed in stationary cultures and pellicles were formed in agitated cultures. The scanning electron microscope micrographs showed that BC produced under static culture tends to be more densely packed than when produced in agitated shake flasks. Exploratory trials on agar slants and in agitated shake flasks using glucose, sucrose, and lactose showed that G. xylinus DSM 46604 grew well on glucose and produced BC. However, there was minimal growth on the other two carbohydrates. Further trials with initial glucose concentrations between 40 and 100 g/L were done in shake flasks. Glucose concentration did not affect the BC morphology. The maximum BC concentration of 1.13 g/L was produced using 50 g/L glucose. The BC concentration using 100 g/L glucose was only 0.96 g/L. Shake flask studies with 2 to 9 g/L yeast extract (YE) as a nitrogen source in the media showed the maximum BC concentration of 5.2 g/L was obtained using 5 g/L YE with 50 g/L of glucose. Increasing the YE to 7 or 9 g/L produced only 4.82 and 4.06 g BC/L respectively. The effect of two cheaper nitrogen sources, fish hydrolysate and fish powder prepared from waste fish, were investigated. The highest BC concentration of 0.24 g/L was obtained using 20 g/L fish hydrolysate rather than 5 g/L YE. The BC yield of 0.04 g BC /g carbon substrate used were obtained using 5 g/L YE, 20 g/L fish hydrolysate, or 15 or 20 g/L fish powder. The effectiveness of four combinations of banana peel (as a cheaper carbon source) and glucose were investigated in shake flasks trials. The highest BC concentration of 0.43 g/L was obtained using 10 g/L banana peel extract with 40 g/L glucose. This was similar to the BC concentration produced with 50 g/L glucose (control). Trials using the same combination of banana peel and glucose in a 3-L bioreactor produced 1 g/L BC compared with 2.2 g/L for 50 g/L glucose (control). Shake flask fermentations using 10 to 50 g/L glycerol as the carbon source showed that the highest BC concentration of 1.43 g/L was produced with an initial glycerol of 20 g/L. Trials done in a 3-L bioreactor produced 2.87 g/L of BC, representing a yield of 0.15 g/g carbon substrate used. The effect of aeration and agitation on BC production was studied in 3- and 5-L bioreactors. The optimal agitation was 200 rpm at constant air flow rate of 0.3 volume air per volume culture broth per minute (vvm). This produced 4.0 g/L BC and a yield of 0.06 g/g glucose. The optimal aeration rate at 150 rpm was 1.0 vvm and produced 4.4 g/L BC. Various fermentation strategies were then investigated. The control was batch fermentation on 50 g/L glucose in a 3- or 5-L fermenter. All runs were done at 30OC, 200 rpm and 1 vvm aeration. The BC yield when G. xylinus DSM 46604 was grown on 50 g/L glucose using a fill-and-draw fed-batch strategy was 0.05 g/g glucose or glycerol used, which was similar to the control. The BC yield increased to 0.11 g/g when using a pulse-feed fed-batch strategy but the BC yield in continuous fed-batch was only 0.03 g/g. It increased under continuous fermentation conditions and the highest yield (0.13 g/g) was achieved at a dilution rate of 0.1 h⁻¹. If dilution rate was increased further, yields began to decrease. Trials were done by replacing 50 g/L glucose with 20 g/L glycerol. Again, BC yields were higher under continuous conditions than batch fermentation. The BC yield on 20 g/L using a fill-and-draw fed-batch strategy was 0.2 g/g BC compared with 0.15 g/g for the control. This increased to 0.39 g/g for a pulse-feed fed-batch strategy. The BC yield for continuous fed-batch at a dilution rate of 0.1 h⁻¹ was 0.3 g/g. The highest BC yield under continuous conditions was 0.33 g/g when dilution rate was 0.1 h⁻¹. These studies showed that cheaper ingredients such as fish powder or hydrolysate and banana peel extract could partially replace conventional nitrogen and carbon sources such as YE and glucose without affecting BC yield. The BC production was enhanced using fed-batch and continuous processing strategies. Higher BC yields than reported by much of the literature could be obtaining ujsing a combination of low-cost media ingredients and the best reactor conditions

Beef hydrolysis by Zyactinase™ enzymes : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand.

Protein hydrolysis is the term that applies to all possible ways of splitting proteins to produce products with lower molecular weight. There is a continuous search for novel products derived from waste materials. In the developed nations considerable amount of meat off-cuts are discarded each year. Utilizing these leftovers by developing new technology for protein recovery and modification and production of a broad spectrum of food ingredients greatly enhances its final value. The aim of this research was to partially hydrolyse beef meat protein with a commercial kiwifruit product called ZyactinaseTM, which is essentially freeze-dried kiwifruit to determine the effect of various processing conditions that influence the extent of beef meat hydrolysis. Secondly to determine the peptide and amino acid profile of the beef meat sample after hydrolysis. Thirdly to determine the relative reaction of ZyactinaseTM on various beef meat protein fractions. This study also aimed to evaluate the rate and the extent of partial enzymic hydrolysis of lean beef using ZyactinaseTM enzymes in order to obtain a better understanding of protein hydrolysis reaction. Lean beef minced was partially hydrolysed using the Zyactinase enzymes for different processing times (up to 360 minutes), temperatures (27°C to 70°C) and varying enzyme concentrations. No pH adjustment on the raw material was carried out except for pH studies. The hydrolysates were collected and analysed for total nitrogen content and degree of hydrolysis. The method used to characterize the extent of protein hydrolysis was SN-TCA index (fraction of nitrogen soluble in trichloroacetic acid) also called non-protein nitrogen NPN. Peptide and amino acid in protein hydrolysates were analysed by HPLC and different protein fractions in the hydrolysates were characterised by SDS-PAGE. The relationship between the reaction temperature, enzyme concentration and processing time to the total nitrogen and NPN were determined. The total nitrogen content remained relatively constant throughout the hydrolysis process. In addition, the NPN content increased as the temperature, processing time and enzyme concentration increased. The optimum pH range for the enzyme’s activity was 4 – 5.6 and optimum temperature was 60°C. Furthermore, most of the higher molecular weight protein bands on SDS- PAGE disappeared after hydrolysis and lower molecular weight protein bands increased in intensity. Zyactinase was also found to digest protein in the myobrilla and sarcoplasmic meat fractions at similar rates as whole beef meat. The results provide basic understanding of the kiwifruit enzymes action toward protein that may lead to improved methods for recovering meat protein or developing new food materials

Depression Among University Students

This study is done in order to find the factor of depression among the college student in Malaysia. Depression among the college student are increasing as it come from many factor. This study used behavioural theory as the foundations theories for the model development. The study involved 406 respondents, selected through google form responses involving all the university students around Malaysia. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. All variables were measured through scales previously used by other researchers. In behavioural theory, state that depression people precisely those who do not know how to cope with the fact that they are no longer receiving positive reinforcement like they before. Results shows the data analysis described that respondents having a financial problem where did not what how to differentiate between wants and need with the overall mean (M=2.51) and students always spend their money on uncertain things

Biofilm formation by B. licheniformis isolated from whey protein concentrate 80 powder as a potential source of product contamination : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Food Technology at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

This study aimed to examine biofilm formation of Bacillus licheniformis isolated from whey protein concentrate 80 (WPC80) as a potential source of contamination in the manufacture of WPC. Six WPC80 powder samples from one whey processing plant in New Zealand were used in this study. Six Bacillus species including (percentage of isolates in brackets) B. licheniformis (66%), Bacillus cereus/Bacillus thuringiensis (18%), Bacillus subtilis (4%), Bacillus pumilus (4%), Paenibacillus glucanolyticus (2%) and Lactobacillus plantarum (6%) were identified using colony morphologies, biochemical tests, species specific PCR and 16S ribosomal DNA gene sequencing and subsequent analysis using the BLAST and Seqmatch databases. Preliminary screening for biofilm formation by the predominant contaminant, B. licheniformis using a microtitre plate assay with the bacteria grown in laboratory medium tryptic soy broth (TSB) at three different temperatures (30°C, 37°C and 55°C) showed most biofilm formation at 37°C with 9/33 isolates forming strong biofilm. In total 13/33 isolates formed strong biofilm at three different temperatures on the polystyrene microtitre plate surface. Subsequent tests for biofilm formation on stainless steel (SS) showed an increased frequency of biofilm formation with 32/33 strains forming strong biofilm in TSB at 37°C. This demonstrates the limitation of the microtitre plate assay for screening for biofilm formation and suggests that biofilm growth of B. licheniformis favours a SS surface. The attachment and biofilm formation was further investigated using SS coupons and reconstituted whey medium at different concentrations (1%, 5%, and 20%). The best medium for B. licheniformis isolates to form biofilm on SS at its best growth temperature (37°C) was 1% reconstituted WPC80. Interestingly, when 1% reconstituted WPC80 was supplemented with lactose and minerals (mainly calcium and magnesium) to replicate the composition of Mozzarella cheese whey before ultrafiltration (UF), the B. licheniformis biofilm counts increased at least by one log. The production of protease enzyme, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and nitrate reduction by B. licheniformis showed the potential of B. licheniformis to influence the quality of dairy products. Biosurfactant production by B. licheniformis identified as lichenysin consisting of lipopeptide was detected and this may influence biofilm formation on SS. The inability of the B. licheniformis isolates to ferment lactose as their major carbon source was confirmed by lactose fermentation tests and shows that B. licheniformis is not ideally suited to a dairy environment. The B. licheniformis vegetative cells were found to be heat resistant with a < log10 reduction at the three temperatures tested; 72oC, 75oC and 80°C during 15 s, 30 s and 60 s heating intervals. In order to thrive in a dairy system, synergistic interactions with other microflora were investigated as a possible mechanism to use lactose that has been broken down by other microflora. Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum), another isolate from the WPC80 samples, has the ability to produce glucose and galactose from lactose. This was grown with each of two B. licheniformis isolates (E30C11 and F30C02) with different abilities to form biofilm. Interestingly this did not enhance the growth of B. licheniformis suggesting that another carbon source, most likely whey protein, must provide the energy source for this bacterium in a whey environment. A review of the WPC80 processing plant showed the UF membranes had the largest surface area (3500 – 7500 m2), providing most potential for biofilm growth. However, UF was run at 10°C, too low for the growth of B. licheniformis which has a minimum growth temperature of 20°C. The hypothesis that sections of the processing plant before the UF step are the sites for B. licheniformis biofilm growth was supported by analysing several samples from the raw whey balance tank, clarifier, thermaliser and separator where 7 B. licheniformis strains were isolated. This shows that B. licheniformis is present at several early stages of WPC processing, with the most likely areas for growth being the certain sections of the clarifier, thermaliser and the separator where temperatures are close to the best growth temperature for this bacterium (37°C). Preventing B. licheniformis contamination of WPC needs to focus on adjusting the conditions in these sections of the processing plant to limit biofilm growth. Keywords: dairy, Bacillus species, L. plantarum, lichenysin, stainless steel, membrane processing plant

Enhancing the Conventional Information Security Management Maturity Model (ISM3) in Resolving Human Factors in Organization Information Sharing

Information sharing in organization has been considered as an important approach in increasing organizational efficiency, performance and decision making. With the present and advances in information and communication technology, sharing information and exchanging of data across organizations has become more feasible in organization. However, information sharing has been a complex task over the years and identifying factors that influence information sharing across organization has becomes crucial and critical. Researchers have taken several methods and approaches to resolve problems in information sharing at all levels without a lasting solution, as sharing is best understood as a practice that reflects behavior, social, economic, legal and technological influences. Due to the limitation of the conventional ISM3 standards to address culture, social, legislation and human behavior, the findings in this paper suggest that, a centralized information structure without human practice, distribution of information and coordination is not effective. This paper reviews the previous information sharing research, outlines the factors affecting information sharing and the different practices needed to improve the management of information security by recommending several combinations of information security and coordination mechanism for reducing uncertainty during sharing of information .This thesis proposes information security management protocol (ISMP) as an enhancement towards ISM3 to resolve the above problems. This protocol provides a means for practitioners to identify key factors involved in successful information sharing....

People Are the Answer to Security: Establishing a Sustainable Information Security Awareness Training (ISAT) Program in Organization

Educating the users on the essential of information security is very vital and important to the mission of establishing a sustainable information security in any organization and institute. At the University Technology Malaysia (UTM), we have recognized the fact that, it is about time information security should no longer be a lacking factor in productivity, both information security and productivity must work together in closed proximity. We have recently implemented a broad campus information security awareness program to educate faculty member, staff, students and non-academic staff on this essential topic of information security. The program consists of training based on web, personal or individual training with a specific monthly topic, campus campaigns, guest speakers and direct presentations to specialized groups. The goal and the objective are to educate the users on the challenges that are specific to information security and to create total awareness that will change the perceptions of people thinking and ultimately their reactions when it comes to information security. In this paper, we explain how we created and implemented our information security awareness training (ISAT) program and discuss the impediment we encountered along the process. We explore different methods of deliveries such as target audiences, and probably the contents as we believe might be vital to a successful information security program. Finally, we discuss the importance and the flexibility of establishing a sustainable information security training program that could be adopted to meet current and future needs and demands while still relevant to our current users

KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL DALAM TINJAUAN SEJARAH DAN PERKEMBANGAN KAJIANNYA PADA BIDANG PENDIDIKAN

Transformational leadership is becoming the popular concepts in the management science for the last 30 years, as well as in the field of education management. To avoid an application in the education sector that is merely followed because of trending, it needs an understanding of the historical side of the transformational leadership model. Through the literature study, this study presented three things: (1) The history of the development of leadership theories; (2) The history of a transformational leadership theory model, and (3) the development of transformational leadership studies in the field of education. The development of leadership studies involving intrinsic and extrinsic motivational theories, has spawned the idea of an intrinsic transformational leadership, compared to extrinsic transactional leadership. Inspired by the writings of James McGregor Burns (1978), Bernard M. Bass (1990) created the concept of transformational leadership model, to popular and became an important study to be implemented in various sectors, including in the field of education. The study of transformational leadership in the area of pedagogy has come to the conclusion that transformational leadership is an ideal representation of the practice at school in the 21st century

The Effect of Learning Entrepreneurship Courses on PWD Students with Learning Difficulties in a Community College as a Motivator to Venture into Business

Abstract:The involvement of PWD students with learning difficulties in the field of entrepreneurship should be encouraged, starting from the educational institution level. Interest in entrepreneurship needs to be nurtured early during their admission to the learning institution, together with support from the Entrepreneurship Training Unit of the institution. It should also be instilled within the programs by offering them courses that are related to entrepreneurship to train and attract their interest in getting to know more about entrepreneurship while studying at the institution. The government's initiative has been implemented through the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) by encouraging the development of curriculum and entrepreneurship courses in higher learning institutions. This initiative aims to provide exposure, awareness, skills, and knowledge related to entrepreneurship, cultivate entrepreneurship in students, and subsequently produce graduates who venture into business as a future career. According to the Progress Report of the Plan of Action for People with Disabilities (PWD) 2016–2022, the number of PWD trainees participating in the Community-Based Rehabilitation (CBR) programs is still unsatisfactory due to the different levels of their disabilities. Therefore, it is recommended that different types of skills and entrepreneurship training be offered to PWD students with learning difficulties based on their abilities. In addition, the PWD policy that was formed strongly encourages them to get involved in entrepreneurship, which also prioritises equality rights that have opened up opportunities for PWD to get involved in the business. However, in general, the policy formed is not specified according to their PWD category. Therefore, according to their ability, Selayang Community College has provided systematic entrepreneurship courses in the Culinary Basic Certificate Programme for PWD students with learning difficulties. This study was conducted to examine the effect of entrepreneurship courses taught as a motivator for them to venture into business as their source of income. PWD students with learning difficulties taking the entrepreneurship courses at Selayang Community College were interviewed using a set of interview questions that had been developed. The recorded interview data were then categorised and translated into word form. The main factor based on the results of the interview data is the effect of learning entrepreneurship courses as a motivator for them to venture into business. Most respondents are interested in venturing into business and becoming entrepreneurs, continuing the legacy of the family business, and seeking experience working with other entrepreneurs (20). While other respondents have not yet decided to venture into business, 83% of the survey respondents had a high interest in getting involved in the business after their graduation