A ‘driving force’ in developing the nation’s forests: The McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Forestry Research Program.

The McIntire-Stennis (M-S) Cooperative Forestry Research Program has provided fundamental support for creating and strengthening forestry research and graduate training efforts at colleges and universities across the nation for nearly 50 years. M-S funding has helped produce thousands of forestry scientists and other research professionals, and M-S–supported research has provided critical basic understanding and applied solutions to extend the benefits that flow from forests and related rangelands across the nation over time. The 1962 legislation that created the M-S program authorized funding of up to one-half of the funds appropriated for federal forestry research conducted directly by the USDA. Throughout the program’s history, however, M-S appropriations have been far below the authorized level. In 2012, the M-S program’s 50th anniversary will be celebrated. Congress and the President therefore have a truly significant “golden anniversary” opportunity to strengthen the nation’s investment in research and training that represents an essential and powerful “driving force behind progress” in sustaining forests for ecological, economic, and social benefits for present and future generations

Emulación de elementos de networking interactuando con máquinas virtuales

En este trabajo se pretende mostrar la emulación de elementos de networking tales como switches y routers interactuando con máquinas virtuales que emplean sistemas operativos diversos como ser Windows, Mac OS X, Linux en diferentes distribuciones, etc. A tal efecto se emplea una plataforma de software libre denominada GNS3 (Graphical Simulator Network 3). Después de hacer un análisis más pormenorizado de dicha plataforma con sus programas asociados se mostrará un ejemplo de laboratorio en donde se simula una red de una empresa que se conecta con otras dos sucursales mediante enlaces punto a punto, como podría ser el caso de una red de un banco (la casa central con dos sucursales).XI Workshop Arquitectura, Redes y Sistemas Operativos (WARSO).Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Emulación de elementos de networking interactuando con máquinas virtuales

En este trabajo se pretende mostrar la emulación de elementos de networking tales como switches y routers interactuando con máquinas virtuales que emplean sistemas operativos diversos como ser Windows, Mac OS X, Linux en diferentes distribuciones, etc. A tal efecto se emplea una plataforma de software libre denominada GNS3 (Graphical Simulator Network 3). Después de hacer un análisis más pormenorizado de dicha plataforma con sus programas asociados se mostrará un ejemplo de laboratorio en donde se simula una red de una empresa que se conecta con otras dos sucursales mediante enlaces punto a punto, como podría ser el caso de una red de un banco (la casa central con dos sucursales).XI Workshop Arquitectura, Redes y Sistemas Operativos (WARSO).Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Interacción de elementos de networking con contenedores de software (docker)

En este trabajo se pretende mostrar la interacción de elementos de networking tales como switches de capa 2 y de capa 3 interactuando con hosts con diversos sistemas operativos, los cuales son emulados a partir de contenedores de software a través del empleo de docker. Se emularán terminales de consola linux haciendo uso del intérprete de comandos bash. También se empleará un servidor tomcat y un terminal de cliente gráfico Firefox construidos con docker. Se empleará la plataforma GNS3 (Graphical Simulator Network 3) Dicha plataforma albergará toda la configuración de los dispositivos enumerados anteriormente en forma virtualizada (Appliances) [1]. Después de hacer un análisis más pormenorizado del GNS3 y su máquina virtual asociada se analizará un caso de estudio en donde se simula una red corporativa que conecta varias sucursales entre sí mediante enlaces punto a punto.XIII Workshop Arquitectura, Redes (WARSO)Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Interacción de elementos de networking con contenedores de software (docker)

En este trabajo se pretende mostrar la interacción de elementos de networking tales como switches de capa 2 y de capa 3 interactuando con hosts con diversos sistemas operativos, los cuales son emulados a partir de contenedores de software a través del empleo de docker. Se emularán terminales de consola linux haciendo uso del intérprete de comandos bash. También se empleará un servidor tomcat y un terminal de cliente gráfico Firefox construidos con docker. Se empleará la plataforma GNS3 (Graphical Simulator Network 3) Dicha plataforma albergará toda la configuración de los dispositivos enumerados anteriormente en forma virtualizada (Appliances) [1]. Después de hacer un análisis más pormenorizado del GNS3 y su máquina virtual asociada se analizará un caso de estudio en donde se simula una red corporativa que conecta varias sucursales entre sí mediante enlaces punto a punto.XIII Workshop Arquitectura, Redes (WARSO)Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Sistema domótico de control de iluminación y procesamiento de datos mediante MQTT centralizado en la nube

Este trabajo aborda la implementación de un sistema de control de dispositivos a nivel hogareño, empleando componentes IOT. Dicha implementación le brindará al usuario un tablero de control (dashboard) a través del cual se logrará la interacción para operar sobre sus dispositivos, ya sea emitiéndoles órdenes a los mismos, o bien recibiendo datos provenientes de dichos elementos. Este procedimiento de envío y recepción de mensajes hacia o desde los dispositivos IOT, se llevará a cabo a través de un protocolo de manejo de cola de mensajes diseñado para funciones de telemetría como lo es el MQTT, basado en tópicos que permite publicación y suscripción. Por otro lado el dispositivo IOT utilizado (placa ESP-01 Relay y el ESP01s) incorpora como valor agregado el hecho que se puede conectar su relé de salida a una llave de combinación, permitiendo así un control independiente de la iluminación, es decir a través de la aplicación web (dashboard) o bien desde la tecla de combinación tradicional y además la carga a controlar no tiene por qué ser un dispositivo inteligente, tal como exigen otros sistemas comerciales.Workshop: WARSO - Arquitectura, Redes y Sistemas OperativosRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informátic

Gestión remota de dispositivos IOT mediante técnicas de mensajería instantánea empleando Bots

Este trabajo plantea como eje principal gestionar un hardware IOT remotamente mediante mensajería instantánea de texto, empleando Telegram. Telegram permite definir bots (aféresis de Robots) y administrarlos a través de un token que la misma aplicación genera en forma aleatoria a través de su bot principal, denominado BotFather. Telegram brinda una API, que permite que los bots interactúen con nuestro sistema. El bot estará alojado en el chip ESP32. El ESP32 es un SOC (System on chip). Este SOC incorpora WIFI, bluetooth, sensores, conversores AD y DA, etc. Como caso de estudio se propone controlar mediante un bot a un conjunto de leds y a un sensor; este último elemento será simulado mediante un pulsador. Será necesario para ello el empleo de interrupciones. Además se requerirá el uso de Telegram (versión web o móvil) y el entorno de programación Arduino. Los comandos del bot se activarán anteponiendo el símbolo “/”, o bien configurando teclas para cada comando.XIV Workshop Arquitectura, Redes y Sistemas Operativos.Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informátic

Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein 8 (VAMP8) is a SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) selectively required for sequential granule-to-granule fusion

Compound exocytosis is found in many cell types and is the major form of regulated secretion in acinar and mast cells. Its key characteristic is the homotypic fusion of secretory granules. These then secrete their combined output through a single fusion pore to the outside. The control of compound exocytosis remains poorly understood. Although soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) such as syntaxin 2, SNAP23 (synaptosome-associated protein of 23 kDa), and SNAP25 have been suggested to play a role, none has been proven. Vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 (VAMP8) is a SNARE first associated with endocytic processes but more recently has been suggested as an R-SNARE in regulated exocytosis. Secretion in acinar cells is reduced when VAMP8 function is inhibited and is less in VAMP8 knock-out mice. Based on electron microscopy experiments, it was suggested that VAMP8 may be involved in compound exocytosis. Here we have tested the hypothesis that VAMP8 controls homotypic granule-to-granule fusion during sequential compound exocytosis. We use a new assay to distinguish primary fusion events (fusion with the cell membrane) from secondary fusion events (granule-granule fusion). Our data show the pancreatic acinar cells from VAMP8 knock-out animals have a specific reduction in secondary granule fusion but that primary granule fusion is unaffected. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation experiments show syntaxin 2 association with VAMP2, whereas syntaxin 3 associates with VAMP8. Taken together our data indicate that granule-to-granule fusion is regulated by VAMP8 containing SNARE complexes distinct from those that regulate primary granule fusion

Influence of acute pancreatitis on the in vitro responsiveness of rat mesenteric and pulmonary arteries

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease characterized by local tissue injury and systemic inflammatory response leading to massive nitric oxide (NO) production and haemodynamic disturbances. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the vascular reactivity of pulmonary and mesenteric artery rings from rats submitted to experimental pancreatitis.</p> <p>Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: saline (SAL); tauracholate (TAU) and phospholipase A₂(PLA₂). Pancreatitis was induced by administration of TAU or PLA₂from <it>Naja mocambique mocambique </it>into the common bile duct of rats, and after 4 h of duct injection the animals were sacrificed. Concentration-response curves to acetylcholine (ACh), sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and phenylephrine (PHE) in isolated mesenteric and pulmonary arteries were obtained. Potency (pEC₅₀) and maximal responses (E_MAX) were determined. Blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In mesenteric rings, the potency for ACh was significantly decreased from animals treated with TAU (about 4.2-fold) or PLA₂(about 6.9-fold) compared to saline group without changes in the maximal responses. Neither pEC₅₀nor E_MAXvalues for Ach were altered in pulmonary rings in any group. Similarly, the pEC₅₀and the E_MAXvalues for SNP were not changed in both preparations in any group. The potency for PHE was significantly decreased in rat mesenteric and pulmonary rings from TAU group compared to SAL group (about 2.2- and 2.69-fold, for mesenteric and pulmonary rings, respectively). No changes were seen in the E_MAXfor PHE. The nitrite/nitrate (NO_x^-) levels were markedly increased in animals submitted to acute pancreatitis as compared to SAL group, approximately 76 and 68% in TAU and PLA₂protocol, respectively.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Acute pancreatitis provoked deleterious effects in endothelium-dependent relaxing response for ACh in mesenteric rings that were strongly associated with high plasma NO_x^-levels as consequence of intense inflammatory responses. Furthermore, the subsensitivity of contractile response to PHE in both mesenteric and pulmonary rings might be due to the complications of this pathological condition in the early stage of pancreatitis.</p

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms That Increase Expression of the Guanosine Triphosphatase RAC1 Are Associated With Ulcerative Colitis

BACKGROUND & AIMS: RAC1 is a GTPase that has an evolutionarily conserved role in coordinating immune defenses, from plants to mammals. Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are associated with dysregulation of immune defenses. We studied the role of RAC1 in IBD using human genetic and functional studies and animal models of colitis. METHODS: We used a candidate gene approach to HapMap-Tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a discovery cohort; findings were confirmed in 2 additional cohorts. RAC1 mRNA expression was examined from peripheral blood cells of patients. Colitis was induced in mice with conditional disruption of Rac1 in phagocytes by administration of dextran sulphate sodium (DSS). RESULTS: We observed a genetic association between RAC1 with ulcerative colitis (UC) in a discovery cohort, 2 independent replication cohorts, and in combined analysis for the SNPs rs10951982 (Pcombined UC = 3.3 × 10–8, odds ratio [OR]=1.43 [1.26–1.63]) and rs4720672 (Pcombined UC=4.7 × 10–6, OR=1.36 [1.19–1.58]). Patients with IBD who had the rs10951982 risk allele had increased expression of RAC1, compared to those without this allele. Conditional disruption of Rac1 in macrophage and neutrophils of mice protected them against DSS-induced colitis. CONCLUSION: Studies of human tissue samples and knockout mice demonstrated a role for the GTPase RAC1 in the development of UC; increased expression of RAC1 was associated with susceptibility to colitis