ASSESSMENT OF THE INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE OF DRY EYES IN DIABETIC INDIVIDUALS AND IT’S EFFECT ON VISUAL ACUITY

Objective: To find out the incidence and prevalence of Dry Eyes in Diabetic patients and find out its effect on visual acuity. Methods: A prospective study was conducted in Saveetha Medical College and Hospital. Schirmer’s test was done for 100 diabetic patients taking part in the research. Those with dry eyes were tested for their visual acuity and were asked to fill a questionnaire based on associated ocular symptoms. The collected data were analysed using Microsoft Excel. Results: There is about an incidence of 82% of dry eyes in diabetic patients. It’s more prevalent among elderly women. There seems to be a significant effect of dry eys on visual acuity as 31% of those tested with dry eyes have a moderate visual impairment. Conclusion: People with diabetes are at a higher risk of developing dry eye. So diabetic patients should undergo regular ocular examination and must be screened for dry eyes. Early diagnosis and treatment of dry eyes is the best choice to prevent ocular complications in the future

INTERNET OF THINGS BASED SMART HELMET FOR ALERTING ACCIDENT

Abstract This article is about a smart helmet, a novel idea that increases the safety of motorcycle riding. In order to stop vehicles from starting while the driver is not wearing a helmet, this technique was developed. or is inebriated. Furthermore, with the help of a GPS GSM-based tracking system, it detects accidents and sends SMS notifications to particular persons showing the bike's location and speed just before the collision, assisting ambulances in arriving at the precise spot. We want to integrate all of the sensors into the helmet, which will wirelessly transmit data to the module attached to the bike engine. There will be two modules in this smart motorcycle helmet system with one helmet and one motorcycle. The bike module has a vibration sensor, GPS, and GSM, whilst the helmet module has an alcohol sensor, a helmet sensor, and a switch. Both of these modules connect wirelessly using an Arduino as a microcontroller and an RF transmitter and receiver with encoder and decoder

A Novel Skin Disease Detection Technique Using Machine Learning

Skin sicknesses present critical medical care difficulties around the world, requiring precise and opportune location for successful therapy. AI became promising stuff for computerizing the discovery and characterization of skin illnesses. This study presents a clever methodology that uses the choice tree strategy for skin sickness location. In computerized location, we utilize an exhaustive dataset containing different skin sickness pictures, including melanoma, psoriasis, dermatitis, and contagious diseases. Dermatologists skillfully mark the dataset, guaranteeing solid ground truth for precise grouping. Preprocessing strategies like resizing, standardization, and quality improvement are applied to set up the symbolism for the choice tree calculation. Then, we remove applicable elements from the preprocessed pictures, enveloping surface, variety, and shape descriptors to catch infection explicit examples successfully. The choice tree model is prepared utilizing these removed elements and the named dataset. Utilizing the choice tree's capacity to learn progressive designs and choice principles, our methodology accomplishes an elevated degree of exactness in grouping skin sicknesses. Extensive experiments and evaluations on a dedicated validation set demonstrate the effectiveness of our decision tree-based method, achieving a classification accuracy of 96%. Our proposed method provides a reliable and automated solution for skin disease detection, with potential applications in clinical settings. By enabling early and accurate diagnoses, our approach has the capacity to improve patient outcomes, trim down healthcare overheads, and alleviate the burden on dermatologists

Singularity Structure, Symmetries and Integrability of Generalized Fisher Type Nonlinear Diffusion Equation

In this letter, the integrability aspects of a generalized Fisher type equation with modified diffusion in (1+1) and (2+1) dimensions are studied by carrying out a singularity structure and symmetry analysis. It is shown that the Painlev\'e property exists only for a special choice of the parameter ($m=2$). A B\"acklund transformation is shown to give rise to the linearizing transformation to the linear heat equation for this case ($m=2$). A Lie symmetry analysis also picks out the same case ($m=2$) as the only system among this class as having nontrivial infinite dimensional Lie algebra of symmetries and that the similarity variables and similarity reductions lead in a natural way to the linearizing transformation and physically important classes of solutions (including known ones in the literature), thereby giving a group theoretical understanding of the system. For nonintegrable cases in (2+1) dimensions, associated Lie symmetries and similarity reductions are indicated.Comment: 8 page

Bilateral hypertrophic olivary nucleus degeneration on magnetic resonance imaging in children with Leigh and Leigh-like syndrome

Objective: Bilateral hypertrophic olivary degeneration on brain MRI has been reported in a few metabolic, genetic and neurodegenerative disorders, including mitochondrial disorders. In this report, we sought to analyse whether bilateral symmetrical inferior olivary nucleus hypertrophy is specifically associated with mitochondrial disorders in children. Methods: This retrospective study included 125 children (mean age, 7.6  ±  5 years; male:female, 2.6:1) diagnosed with various metabolic and genetic disorders during 2005–2012. The routine MRI sequences (T1 weighted, T2 weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion–recovery sequences) were analysed for the presence of bilateral symmetrical olivary hypertrophy and central tegmental tract or dentate nuclei signal changes. The other imaging findings and the final diagnoses were noted. Results: The cohort included patients with Leigh and Leigh-like syndrome (n = 25), other mitochondrial diseases (n = 25), Wilson disease (n = 40), Type 1 glutaric aciduria (n = 14), maple syrup urine disease (n = 13), giant axonal neuropathy (n = 5) and L-2 hydroxy glutaric aciduria (n = 3). Bilateral inferior olivary nucleus hypertrophy was noted in 10 patients, all of whom belonged to the Leigh and Leigh-like syndrome group. Conclusion: Bilateral hypertrophic olivary degeneration on MRI is relatively often, but not routinely, seen in children with Leigh and Leigh-like syndrome. Early detection of this finding by radiologists and physicians may facilitate targeted metabolic testing in these children

Low latitude, topside ionosphere composition and its variation with changeable solar activity

190-197The ions composition and their densities have been studied for different solar activity periods - along with their diurnal, seasonal and annual variations - for half of the 23rd solar cycle, covering solar minima (1995) to solar maxima (2000) over Indian sector (65–95ᵒE and 5–35ᵒN) at an average altitude of ~500 km. The study has been done by processing the data obtained from in situ measurement made by separate Retarding Potential Analyser (RPA) for electrons and ions, aboard Indian satellite SROSS C2. The plasma density has been found to be rich in O+ ion for all instances of time and showed a direct increase with solar activity. H+ has been observed to be in plenty during night time, especially from moderate to high solar activity period. The difference between H+ and O+ densities widens with increasing value of F10.7. He+ always constitutes a small part of plasma but its density exceeds H+ - during moderate to high solar activity period. O2+ has beenfound to be a minor constituent, even 3-4 folds lesser than He+ density. A positive correlation with solar activity has been found for O2+

Local distortion in LaCoO3 and PrCoO3: EXAFS, XRD and XANES studies

Room temperature Co K-edge extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), x-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) including pre-edge and x-ray diffraction (XRD) studies are carried out on LaCoO3 and PrCoO3. The Co-O, Co-La/Pr and Co-Co bond lengths are obtained from EXAFS analysis and compared with those obtained from XRD. The EXAFS analysis of data indicates that CoO6 octahedron is distorted in both LaCoO3 and PrCoO3. Such distortion is expected in orthorhombic PrCoO3 but not in rhombohedral LaCoO3. This distortion in CoO6 octahedron is attributed to Jahn-Teller active Co3+ ion in intermediate spin state in these compounds. Higher shell studies reveal that Debye-Waller (DW) factors of Co-Pr and Co-Co bonds in PrCoO3 are more in comparison to Co-La and Co-Co bonds in LaCoO3 indicating that these bonds are structurally more disordered in PrCoO3. The comparison of Co-Co bond lengths and corresponding DW factors indicates that the structural disorder plays an important role in deciding the insulating properties of these compounds. XANES studies have shown changes in the intensities and positions of different near edge features.Comment: 22 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables. To appear in J. Phys.: Condens. Matte

Adult immersion test for assessment of amitraz resistance in Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks

Ticks are obligate blood sucking ectoparasites recognised globally as vectors of various pathogens, next to mosquitoes. The present study is conducted on brown dog ticks collected from naturally infested dogs in and around Thrissur district. Adult immersion test was performed and the parameters such as engorged tick weight, egg mass weight as well as tick mortality were recorded to derive the reproductive indices, percentage inhibition of oviposition and percentage mortalities. Non-linear regression analysis of the dose response data yielded the LC50 values at 95% confidence intervals and, the slopes and regression coefficients of the different parameters were also derived. The Resistance factors (RF) were calculated to categorise resistance levels into I, II, III and IV. Resistance to amitraz was detected at level II in tick isolates collected from Choolissery and Mundur, at level III and level IV in isolates collected from Mannuthy and Paravattani, respectively. Two isolates collected from Mannuthy were found to be susceptible. One way ANOVA of resistance levels revealed that the resistance levels III and IV were significantly different from that of susceptible and resistance level II. This is the first report on detection of amitraz resistance levels in dog ticks from south India calling for proper implementation of tick control strategies to prevent spread of amitraz resistance

Myeloid cell interferon responses correlate with clearance of SARS-CoV-2

Emergence of mutant SARS-CoV-2 strains associated with an increased risk of COVID-19-related death necessitates better understanding of the early viral dynamics, host responses and immunopathology. Single cell RNAseq (scRNAseq) allows for the study of individual cells, uncovering heterogeneous and variable responses to environment, infection and inflammation. While studies have reported immune profiling using scRNAseq in terminal human COVID-19 patients, performing longitudinal immune cell dynamics in humans is challenging. Macaques are a suitable model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our longitudinal scRNAseq of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell suspensions from young rhesus macaques infected with SARS-CoV-2 (n = 6) demonstrates dynamic changes in transcriptional landscape 3 days post- SARS-CoV-2-infection (3dpi; peak viremia), relative to 14-17dpi (recovery phase) and pre-infection (baseline) showing accumulation of distinct populations of both macrophages and T-lymphocytes expressing strong interferon-driven inflammatory gene signature at 3dpi. Type I interferon response is induced in the plasmacytoid dendritic cells with appearance of a distinct HLAD