High-resolution polarization imaging of the Fermi blazar 3C 279

Ever since the discovery by the Fermi mission that active galactic nuclei (AGN) produce copious amounts of high-energy emission, its origin has remained elusive. Using high-frequency radio interferometry (VLBI) polarization imaging, we could probe the magnetic field topology of the compact high-energy emission regions in blazars. A case study for the blazar 3C 279 reveals the presence of multiple g -ray emission regions. Pass 8 Fermi-Large Area Telescope (LAT) data are used to investigate the flux variations in the GeV regime; six g -ray flares were observed in the source during November 2013 to August 2014. We use the 43 GHz VLBI data to study the morphological changes in the jet. Ejection of a new component (NC2) during the first three g -ray flares suggests the VLBI core as the possible site of the high-energy emission. A delay between the last three flares and the ejection of a new component (NC3) indicates that highenergy emission in this case is located upstream of the 43 GHz core (closer to the black hole).Accepted manuscrip

Nature of the rain spectrum at a low latitude coastal station

The internal structure of rain falls in terms of rain rate during various instances of time can be determined by measuring rain amounts received during very short intervals of time. A system that can record the intensity of rain fall at every minute has been used for this study

Chemical speciation of L-glutamine complexes with Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) in cationic micellar medium

The impact of cationic micelles on the protonation equilibria of L-glutamine and chemical speciation of its complexes with Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) have been studied by monitoring hydrogen ion concentration pH metrically at 303 K and at an ionic strength of 0.16 M. The protonation constants and binary stability constants have been calculated with the computer program MINIQUAD75. The best fit chemical models are selected based on standard deviations in the model parameters and residual analysis using crystallographic R-factor and sum of squares of residuals in all mass-balance equations. The trend in the variation of stability constants of the complexes with mole fraction of the surfactant is attributed to the compartmentalization of complexation equilibria. Distribution of species and effect of influential parameters on chemical speciation have also been presented. KEY WORDS: Chemical speciation, complex equilibria, L-glutamine, cationic micelles Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2012, 26(3), 383-394.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v26i3.

Psycho-Social Variables of Elementary School Children with Spelling Difficulties in relation to their Academic Achievement

Accurate spelling is a complex act that requires cognitive and linguistic knowledge of the phonological, morphological, syntactical and semantic principles of language. Students with disabilities frequently exhibit spelling difficulties related to language learning and are inefficient in cognitive processing. These difficulties often are developmental in nature. The present study is conducted on 222 children with spelling difficulties of five Taluks of Kerala State. Remediation of spelling difficulties in children requires comprehensive assessment. In this article, the researchers discuss about the theory related to spelling disabilities, assessment, remediation and psychosocial correlates of spelling difficulties in children. The major findings of the study state that there is a significant positive correlation between psycho-social variables and academic achievement of children with spelling difficulties. The authors also highlighted the need for early intervention and use of various remedial strategies to overcome spelling difficulties in children

Impact of the upper tropospheric cooling trend over Central Asia on the Indian summer monsoon rainfall and the Bay of Bengal cyclone tracks

The Indian summer monsoon rainfall had three decade long alternate dry and wet epochs during the 150 years from 1840 to 1989. The dry epochs had frequent drought monsoons affecting agriculture, power generation and the overall economy of the country. A high percentage of severe cyclones in the Bay of Bengal moved northwards during the dry epochs causing disasters in Bangladesh, Myanmar and the Indian states of Odisha and West Bengal. These dry epochs have been shown to be associated with the cold phase of the Atlantic multi decadal oscillation in sea-surface temperature. Using the available tropospheric temperature (re-analysis) data since 1948, the recent dry epoch during 1960-89 which had 10 monsoon drought years was found to have cold upper tropospheric temperature anomaly over Central Asia. This cold anomaly region has also experienced a long-term cooling trend. Extrapolating the naturally occurring epochal nature of the ocean-atmosphere system into the future, we fear that the epoch 2020-49 is likely to be another dry one, and the cooling trend over the Asian continent is likely to make it even more severe in its impact than 1960-89. This article presents details of an ocean-atmosphere instability that generates frequent drought monsoons during dry epochs which needs urgent research

Umbilical true knot: a case study

Umbilical cord true knot is a rare condition which affects about 1% of all pregnancies. The incidence is not only very low, but it is often undiagnosed antenatally when present despite the availability of prenatal ultrasonography as in this case, where the diagnosis of true knot of umbilical cord was missed even when an ultrasonogram was done 1 week prior to the presentation of patient with decreased fetal movements to opd. Majority of times it does not have any relation with fetal outcome but in certain occasions it is associated with intrauterine fetal demise as in present case presented here. Risk factors include long umbilical cord, polyhydramnios, small fetus, male fetus, etc

Study of gastrointestinal toxicity of selective COX-2 inhibitors in comparison with conventional NSAIDs

Background: Adverse gastrointestinal events are the commonest unwanted effects of the NSAIDs, and are believed to result mainly from the inhibition of gastric COX-1, which is responsible for the synthesis of prostaglandins that normally inhibit acid secretion and protect the mucosa. Previous studies report, that selective COX-2 inhibitors are safer when compared to non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitors, regarding their adverse effects on gastrointestinal system. But, recent studies reveal, that gastrointestinal safety of these selective COX-2 inhibitors is not much better than that of conventional NSAIDs. In view of the wider usage of selective COX-2 inhibitors, the study has been taken up to report, whether selective COX-2 inhibitors have got any advantages over conventional NSAIDs or not, in regard to their gastrointestinal side effects.Methods: Patients were divided into eight groups, fifteen patients of each. Each group was given one of the NSAIDs from the eight drugs those were selected for the study, for 15 days. In the selected group, along with the symptomatic assessment of gastric toxicity, both pre and post-treatment values of Hb% are estimated, tabulated & subjected to statistical analysis.Results: Both the drugs, diclofenac & meloxicam have shown significant changes in the Hb% values (‘p’ value 0.02 each), whereas selective COX-2 inhibitors like nimesulide & celecoxib were no less in gastric toxicity, in comparison with diclofenac, on symptomatic assessment.Conclusions: In our short-term study, selective COX-2 inhibitors did not show any advantage over non-selective NSAIDs regarding their gastrointestinal toxicity

Evaluation of Fungicides, Soil Amendment Practices and Bioagents against Fusarium solani-Causal Agent of Wilt Disease in Chilli

Chilli is affected by the wilt disease caused by Fusarium solani, under irrigated conditions. In absence of resistant cultivars, the disease needs to be controlled by management practices. In vitro evaluation of six fungicides by Poisoned Food Technique showed that a combination of carbendazim+mancozeb was effective in inhibiting mycelial growth (93.6%), followed by Carbendazim alone (92.4%). In vivo soil drench using the same fungicides proved effective in controlling the pathogen. Integration of different treatments, including seedling dip, with Carbendazim, addition of vermicompost, drenching with fungicide, and application of Trichoderma viride was found to be effective in managing the disease, in comparison to individual treatments

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