Zeus in Exile: Archaeological Restitution as Politics of Memory

This paper is an analysis of the current debates on the Zeus Altar, not only in terms of its present possession and copyright, but also as a collectively negotiated construct of memory. By investigating the case of the Pergamon Altar, I hope to show the shortcomings of the present literature for and against repatriation, which often treat the archaeological monument as mere cultural goods. A reconsideration of the Zeus Altar as embodiment of collective memory, which is at the heart of political negotiations today, may bring a new perspective to the definitions of cultural property, national patrimony and historical heritage.

Greater Istanbul metropolitan area planning experience (1965-1980)

Following the enforcement of the Urban Development Act in 1956 and the foundation of the Ministry of Reconstruction and Settlement in 1958, the first regional plan was developed for the Eastern Marmara Region in Turkey. The regional plan, which was prepared by the Ministry of Reconstruction and Settlement, in collaboration with the State Planning Office aimed at directing the industrial developments, the distribution of the industrial population and defining the hierarchy of urban settlements in the region respectively. The Regional Plan proposed an urban and regional infrastructure and a linear settlement development model for the Greater Istanbul area for the first time. The cities in Turkey were subject to a rapid urbanization due to a continuous flow of population from rural areas to the cities, which accelerated after 1950s. As a result, a multiplicity of new municipalities outside the existing limits of the major cities were formed, which necessitated a holistic planning in metropolitan scale. With this objective, three metropolitan planning offices were established for the major cities, Istanbul, Ankara and Izmir under the Ministry of Reconstruction and Settlement. In continuity with the principal decisions of the East Marmara Regional Plan, the planning studies for the Greater Metropolitan Area of Istanbul started with the foundation of Greater Istanbul Metropolitan Planning Office in 1965. The distribution of population between European and Asian sides of Istanbul metropolitan area was studied, and a linear pattern of settlement units separated by green areas was adopted in line with the regional plan. A strategic planning model was adopted in the last stage of the metropolitan planning. Based on an extensive survey, the demands of different sectors were defined. Alternative development strategies and scenarios were proposed with regard to the demands of the sectors. Beginning with the regional planning scale, the distribution of the residential and working areas, different strategies were tested with respect to their performances in achieving the initial development objectives. Based on an extensive data, projections, and regional development strategies updated, a plan that could guide the urban development policies was achieved. The metropolitan plan was completed and approved by the Ministry in July 1980. The Metropolitan Plan of Greater Istanbul constituted the first metropolitan plan, in Turkey, where the strategic planning approach was applied by comparing alternative development strategies. However, it could not be implemented properly as the planning authority was transferred to the Greater Municipality. Yet, with its holistic approach, this metropolitan plan that defined strategies of urban development and natural and urban conservation in metropolitan scale, could have prevented unplanned, piecemeal operations if it could be implemented. In the present paper, the metropolitan planning experience of Greater Istanbul is studied with a focus on the 1980 master plan. The role of the planning decisions in the urban development of the metropolitan city will be discussed at the end of the paper

The search for ideal hernia repair; mesh materials and types

AbstractHernia surgery continues to draw the attention of surgeons, patients, and the industry. This strong interest has driven the establishment of professional medical societies with the sole purpose of furthering the understanding of hernias and hernia repair. In the more than 100 years of development, industry has played a major role in advancing the technology to perfect the performance of hernia repair with the hope of establishing the "best" technique and its associated technology. However, with the development of newer prosthetics and approaches to hernia repair, many surgeons do not fully understand the properties of the available prosthetics. The goal of this review is to highlight the different types of meshes in an effort to clarify to surgeons what types of materials are available to them and how to select an appropriate one for a given case

Homogeneity and Controlled Deviation: Design Codes as Behavior Codes in California’s Golf Communities.

Located in Southern California\u27s Coachella Valley, this study examines some of the most exclusive golf clubs and their residential desert communities. Particular emphasis in this work is given to the architectural design guidelines of these communities and how they frame the aesthetics of \u27landscapes of privilege\u27 while simultaneously delineating the limits of creativity in custom home building. Based on site documentation, architectural analysis, and interviews, this fieldwork documents the ways design regulations dictate how residents must behave according to, buy in, or challenge the notion of homogeneity within the communities. A deep dive into the elite country clubs of the desert and their larger service and support communities brought to surface the cultural ideal of the \u27good life\u27 that underpins our society. To be in the top one percent has not proven to be a qualifier for complete creative freedom in design for these communities. This begs the question of why is not all privilege the same when it comes to design? Why do landscapes of privilege both conform with and diverge from the norm? And further, who controls homogeneity and deviation in architecture and landscape design

Assessment of Liquefaction/Cyclic Failure Potential of Alluvial Deposits on the Eastern Coast of Cyprus

The main objective of this paper is to evaluate liquefaction potential and cyclic failure of subsoils of Tuzla area located on the eastern coast of Cyprus. The in-situ tests of cone penetration test (CPT) and standard penetration test (SPT) were used for site specific evaluation of liquefaction potential. Index properties and undrained shear strength (su) were used to assess cyclic failure potential of fine-grained soils. Liquefaction potential index (LPI) was evaluated based on the calculated factor of safeties for each CPT location. Sensitivity of soils was indirectly estimated from liquidity index (LI). The samples tested displayed high sensitivity values, indicating vulnerability to loss of strength and excess deformations during cyclic loading

L’espace public existait-il dans la ville ottomane ? Des espaces libres au domaine public à Istanbul (XVIIe-XIXe siècles)

L’espace public ottoman existe non au sens occidental du terme « place », mais en tant qu’espace de plaisance, libre d’accès. Les meydan d’Istanbul illustrent cette différence fondamentale : à l’origine, ce ne sont pas des enclos urbains, nettement délimités, mais des espaces libres laissés à l’état naturel. Ce n’est qu’à partir du XIXe siècle que ces espaces ont commencé à se transformer, pour actuellement subir, du fait du néo-libéralisme, une fragmentation préjudiciable.Ottoman public space does exist not as a square in a European way, but a free-access space for leisure. The meydan of Istanbul are a good example of this difference: originally free spaces that were left unconstructed, they were not urban enclosures clearly delimited. Only from 19th c., these spaces were transformed until today, when they are prejudicially fragmented because of neo-liberalism

A new surgical technique to facilitate osteochondral autograft transfer in osteochondral defects of the capitellum: A case report

A 17-year-old boy who was engaged in amateur weightlifting and body building presented with complaints of right elbow pain and limitation in elbow range of motion. Plain x-rays and magnetic resonance imaging showed an osteochondral defect in the medial third of the capitellum. At surgery, as a new technique, the lateral collateral ligament was detached from the humeral attachment to provide access to the capitellum with a clear and perpendicular exposure. Following removal of loose fragments within the joint, an osteochondral graft harvested from the lateral femoral condyle was implanted to the defect area of the capitellum. Postoperative radiologic controls showed that the defect was entirely filled by the graft with appropriate graft height. On follow-up examination at 12 months, the patient did not have any complaint about his elbow, and had no limitation of movement compared to the left elbow. Magnetic resonance imaging showed that the graft was successfully adapted to the recipient site without any sign of loosening. At final follow-up 40 months after surgery, the surface of the articular cartilage appeared normal. The range of elbow motion was preserved and the patient had no restriction in daily and sports activities. Considering technical difficulties posed by the narrow and complex structure of the elbow joint, this new technique involving detachment of the lateral collateral ligament facilitates perpendicular implantation of the graft. In our opinion, utilization of this new technique will improve functional and radiological results of osteochondral autograft transfer. © 2010 Turkish Association of Orthopaedics and Traumatology

L’espace public existait-il dans la ville ottomane ? Des espaces libres au domaine public à Istanbul (XVIIe-XIXe siècles)

L’espace public ottoman existe non au sens occidental du terme « place », mais en tant qu’espace de plaisance, libre d’accès. Les meydan d’Istanbul illustrent cette différence fondamentale : à l’origine, ce ne sont pas des enclos urbains, nettement délimités, mais des espaces libres laissés à l’état naturel. Ce n’est qu’à partir du XIXe siècle que ces espaces ont commencé à se transformer, pour actuellement subir, du fait du néo-libéralisme, une fragmentation préjudiciable.Ottoman public space does exist not as a square in a European way, but a free-access space for leisure. The meydan of Istanbul are a good example of this difference: originally free spaces that were left unconstructed, they were not urban enclosures clearly delimited. Only from 19th c., these spaces were transformed until today, when they are prejudicially fragmented because of neo-liberalism