Actual aspects of organic agricultural development in Ukraine

The monograph presents a conceptual analysis of the development of all sectors of organic production in Ukraine, the problems of sustainable increase in the efficiency of agrobiocenoses, the economic aspects of the formation of organic production according to European standards, and the analysis of opportunities for the agrarian sector. The approaches to the application of new methods and tools in organic production are described. The monograph is prezented for specialists, employments of the agrarian sector, scientists, professors, students and masters, all those who are interested in the specified range of questions that are being analyzed

The Shanghai Beijing 'Air Express' service model and its impact on the pricing behaviour of airlines

Using departure day airfare data, this paper examines the pricing pattern on the Shanghai–Beijing route and reveals anti-competitive pricing behaviour following the introduction of the 'Air Express' service. This new service adds limited value to passengers because of the airport facility constraints. Jointly providing the 'express' service has provided a channel through which the three dominant players can communicate effectively to achieve more stable prices at a higher level. Interestingly, lower prices charged by the fringe airlines on this route were accommodated by the big ones. Meanwhile, the three dominant airlines did not exhibit any obvious deviation in pricing from each other