Flank formation football; stress: defense

Describes and illustrates flank formation football

Unresolved Tax Issues in Viatical and Life Settlements

Bruce Evans is a professor of management at the University of Dallas, College of Business, Irving, Texas 75062. Tim Fontenot is a manager at Thomson Tax and Accounting, Dallas, Texas, 75092. Barbara Scofield is a professor of accountancy at the University of Texas of the Permian Basin, School of Business, Odessa, Texas, 79762. Bill Shoemaker is an assistant professor of accounting at the University of Dallas, College of Business, Irving, Texas, 75062. Robert Walsh is an associate professor at the University of Dallas, College of Business, Irving, Texas, 75062

Psychological Distress and Socioeconomic Status. A Consideration of Associated Factors

Section one reports a quantitative systematic literature review which explores the acceptability of mental health services for people of low socioeconomic status. Four databases were searched (PsycInfo, CINAHL complete, MEDLINE and Academic Search Ultimate) and ten studies met the inclusion criteria. A narrative synthesis approach was implemented to systematically explore the findings of the papers. The psychological factors considered in relation to acceptability were: affective attitude, burden, perceived effectiveness, ethicality, intervention coherence, opportunity costs, self-efficacy and cultural competence. Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanne Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross Sectional Studies. Concerns were noted regarding the measures of predictor and outcome variables. Strengths were found in the statistical analysis of confounders. Section two reports an empirical study investigating food insecurity in the United Kingdom. This research aimed to understand 1) the relationship between food insecurity and psychological distress and 2) whether shame moderates the relationship between these variables. Participants were aged 18+ and self-identified as food insecure within the previous six months. A cross-sectional survey was conducted online and via paper copies, consisting of measures of food insecurity, psychological distress and shame. The study findings show that food insecurity and shame account for 74% of the variance in psychological distress in people who report food insecurity. No moderation was found suggesting the relationship between food insecurity and psychological distress is not moderated by shame. However, a significant interaction may not have been found, as the study may have been underpowered. The findings of this research have implications for those working in both mental health services and food aid organisations and these are discussed. Section three contains a critical appraisal of issues relating to research into deprivation, including discussion of the sociopolitical context in which this research took place. Suggestions for future research are given

Forecasting Solar Energetic Particle Events and Associated False Alarms

Because of the significant dangers they pose, accurate forecasting of Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events is vital. Whilst it has long been known that SEP-production is associated with high-energy solar events, forecasting algorithms based upon the observation of these types of solar event suffer from high false alarm rates. Here we analyse the parameters of 4 very high energy solar events which were false alarms, with a view to reaching an understanding as to why SEPs were not detected at Earth. We find that in each case at least two factors were present which have been shown to be detrimental to SEP productio

The influence of particle size and curing conditions on testing mineral trioxide aggregate cement

Objectives: To assess the effects on curing conditions (dry versus submerged curing) and particle size on the compressive strength (CS) and flexural strength (FS) of set MTA cement. Materials and methods: Two different Portland cements were created, P1 and P2, with P1 < P2 in particle size. These were then used to create two experimental MTA products, M1 and M2, with M1 < M2 in particle size. Particle size analysis was performed according to ISO 13320. The particle size at the 90th percentile (i.e. the larger particles) was P1: 15.2 μm, P2: 29.1 μm, M1: 16.5 μm, and M2: 37.1 μm. M2 was cured exposed to air, or submerged in fluids of pH 5.0, 7.2 (PBS), or 7.5 for 1 week. CS and FS of the set cement were determined using a modified ISO 9917-1 and ISO 4049 methods, respectively. P1, P2, M1 and M2 were cured in PBS at physiological pH (7.2) and likewise tested for CS and FS. Results: Curing under dry conditions gave a significantly lower CS than when cured in PBS. There was a trend for lower FS for dry versus wet curing. However, this did not reach statistical significance. Cements with smaller particle sizes showed greater CS and FS at 1 day than those with larger particle sizes. However, this advantage was lost over the following 1-3 weeks. Conclusions: Experiments that test the properties of MTA should cure the MTA under wet conditions and at physiological pH

Methodologies for measuring the setting times of mineral trioxide aggregate and Portland cement products used in dentistry

The current standard used to measure setting time for Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) involves indentation testing with arbitrary weights. This study compared indentation testing against rheological measurements and assessed the influences of particle size and the inclusion of bismuth oxide on the setting time of experimental MTA and Portland cement (PC). Two PCs (P1 and P2) of different particle sizes were produced using the same clinker. From these two PCs, two experimental MTAs (M1 and M2) were created with the addition of bismuth oxide. Particle size distributions were assessed using laser diffraction analysis. Indentation setting time tests were performed in accordance to the Gillmore needle test. Elastic modulus was assessed using a strain-controlled rheometer at 1 rad s and an applied strain of 0.01%. P1, P2, M1 and M2 cements had median particle sizes of 6.1, 12.5, 6.5 and 13.0 μm, respectively. Using indentation testing, final setting times were ranked P1 < M1 < P2 < M2. The ranking of the final setting time corresponded with the rheological assessment of time required to reach 95% of the elastic modulus plateau. The time to reach 95% elastic modulus plateau of 9.3 min corresponds to a time close to the point where the material can be overlaid with another restorative material to give a final restoration. The 95% plateau value for elastic modulus may be a more useful parameter for determining how the setting reaction of PC and MTA cements progress over time

Deconvolution of the particle size distribution of ProRoot MTA and MTA Angelus

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) cements contain two types of particles, namely Portland cement (PC) (nominally 80% w/w) and bismuth oxide (BO) (20%). This study aims to determine the particle size distribution (PSD) of PC and BO found in MTA. The PSDs of ProRoot MTA (MTA-P) and MTA Angelus (MTA-A) powder were determined using laser diffraction, and compared to samples of PC (at three different particle sizes) and BO. The non-linear least squares method was used to deconvolute the PSDs into the constituents. MTA-P and MTA-A powders were also assessed with scanning electron microscopy. BO showed a near Gaussian distribution for particle size, with a mode distribution peak at 10.48 μm. PC samples milled to differing degrees of fineness had mode distribution peaks from 19.31 down to 4.88 μm. MTA-P had a complex PSD composed of both fine and large PC particles, with BO at an intermediate size, whereas MTA-A had only small BO particles and large PC particles. The PSD of MTA cement products is bimodal or more complex, which has implications for understanding how particle size influences the overall properties of the material. Smaller particles may be reactive PC or unreactive radiopaque agent. Manufacturers should disclose particle size information for PC and radiopaque agents to prevent simplistic conclusions being drawn from statements of average particle size for MTA materials