Liver and lymph node metastases of prostate cancer visualized on post-therapy imaging after treatment with Re-188-HEDP

Ezziddin, Samer/0000-0003-4110-3375WOS: 000330930200014PubMed: 23727275

HER2-directed antibodies, affibodies and nanobodies as drug-delivery vehicles in breast cancer with a specific focus on radioimmunotherapy and radioimmunoimaging

Purpose The aim of the present paper is to review the role of HER2 antibodies, affibodies and nanobodies as vehicles for imaging and therapy approaches in breast cancer, including a detailed look at recent clinical data from antibody drug conjugates and nanobodies as well as affibodies that are currently under development. Results Clinical and preclinical studies have shown that the use of monoclonal antibodies in molecular imaging is impaired by slow blood clearance, associated with slow and low tumor uptake and with limited tumor penetration potential. Antibody fragments, such as nanobodies, on the other hand, can be radiolabelled with short-lived radioisotopes and provide high-contrast images within a few hours after injection, allowing early diagnosis and reduced radiation exposure of patients. Even in therapy, the small radioactively labeled nanobodies prove to be superior to radioactively labeled monoclonal antibodies due to their higher specificity and their ability to penetrate the tumor. Conclusion While monoclonal antibodies are well established drug delivery vehicles, the current literature on molecular imaging supports the notion that antibody fragments, such as affibodies or nanobodies, might be superior in this approach

Metabolites of IPPA, BMIPP, and DMIPP fatty acids in rats hearts: A quantitative HPLC-study

The significance of the use of radioiodinated fatty acid analogues such as 15-(p-iodophenyl) pentadecanoic acid (IPPA), 15-(p-iodophenyl)-3-R,S-methylpentadecanoic acid (BMIPP), and 15-(p-iodophenyl)-3-dimethylpentadecanoic acid (DMIPP) for the evaluation of regional myocardial fatty acid uptake is well documented. An understanding of the relative incorporation of these fatty acid analogues into various fatty acid pools is important to correlate fatty acid uptake and release with flux through the various metabolic pathways. While the free fatty acid (FFA) pool is immediately available for oxidation to meet energy demands for contraction under normoxic conditions, the FFA are also stored as triglycerides (TG) for oxidation at a later period. Although the incorporation of IPPA, BMIPP, and DMIPP into the major phospholipid classes has not been previously investigated, demonstration of the incorporation of IPPA and BMIPP into phospholipids would be important as further evidence that these modified'' fatty acids are, at least qualitatively, metabolized through the usual metabolic pathways. The goals of the present studies were thus to develop the necessary HPLC techniques and evaluate the incorporation of IPPA, BMIPP, and DMIPP into complex endogenous lipids in dual label studies. 2 refs., 6 figs

Reactor-produced radioisotopes from ORNL for bone pain palliation

The treatment of painful skeletal metastases is a common clinical problem, and the use of therapeutic radionuclides which localize at metastatic sites has been found to be an effective method for treatment of pain, especially for multiple sites for which the use of external beam irradiation is impractical. There are currently several metastatic-targeted agents radiolabeled with various therapeutic radionuclides which are in various stages of clinical investigation. Since neutron rich radionuclides are produced in research reactors and often decay by emission of beta(-) particles, most radionuclides used for bone pain palliation are reactor-produced. Key examples of radionuclides produced by single neutron capture of enriched targets include rhenium-186 and samarium-153. In addition, generator systems are also of interest which provide therapeutic daughter radionuclides from the decay of reactor-produced parent radionuclides. One important example is rhenium-188, available from generators via decay of reactor-produced tungsten-188. Tin-117m is an example of a reactor-produced radionuclide which decays with the emission of low-energy conversion electrons rather than by beta(-) decay. Each of these agents and/or radionuclides has specific advantages and disadvantages, however, the ideal agent for bone pain palliation has not yet been identified. The goal of this paper is to briefly review the production and use of several reactor-produced radionuclides for bone pain palliation, and to discuss the role of the ORNL High Flux Isotope Reactor(HFIR) for the production of many of these radionuclides

Glucose metabolism, gray matter structure, and memory decline in subjective memory impairment.

OBJECTIVE: To identify biological evidence for Alzheimer disease (AD) in individuals with subjective memory impairment (SMI) and unimpaired cognitive performance and to investigate the longitudinal cognitive course in these subjects. METHOD: [¹⁸F]fluoro-2-deoxyglucose PET (FDG-PET) and structural MRI were acquired in 31 subjects with SMI and 56 controls. Cognitive follow-up testing was performed (average follow-up time: 35 months). Differences in baseline brain imaging data and in memory decline were assessed between both groups. Associations of memory decline with brain imaging data were tested. RESULTS: The SMI group showed hypometabolism in the right precuneus and hypermetabolism in the right medial temporal lobe. Gray matter volume was reduced in the right hippocampus in the SMI group. At follow-up, subjects with SMI showed a poorer performance than controls on measures of episodic memory. Longitudinal memory decline in the SMI group was associated with reduced glucose metabolism in the right precuneus at baseline. CONCLUSION: The cross-sectional difference in 2 independent neuroimaging modalities indicates early AD pathology in SMI. The poorer memory performance at follow-up and the association of reduced longitudinal memory performance with hypometabolism in the precuneus at baseline support the concept of SMI as the earliest manifestation of AD