La continuidad de la empresa familiar, ¿es posible?

Las empresas familiares son de difícil manejo dado que están conformadas por sus fundadores, si todavía siguen con vida, y sus herederos, los cuales no siempre logran acuerdos. Esto se manifiesta en la organización de la empresa, en su desarrollo y en sus posibilidades de continuidad. Por este motivo se busca analizar los factores que inciden en dicha continuidad y la importancia de la profesionalización de la administración. Además se explica la forma en que se realizan las incorporaciones de los herederos.Fil: Gil, Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas. Delegación San Rafael.Fil: Falcone, Cristian. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas. Delegación San Rafael.Fil: Runco, Leonardo. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas. Delegación San Rafael.Fil: Bielli, Marco. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas. Delegación San Rafael

Splicing Dysregulation as Oncogenic Driver and Passenger Factor in Brain Tumors

Brain tumors are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms ranging from almost benign to highly aggressive phenotypes. The malignancy of these tumors mostly relies on gene expression reprogramming, which is frequently accompanied by the aberrant regulation of RNA processing mechanisms. In brain tumors, defects in alternative splicing result either from the dysregulation of expression and activity of splicing factors, or from mutations in the genes encoding splicing machinery components. Aberrant splicing regulation can generate dysfunctional proteins that lead to modification of fundamental physiological cellular processes, thus contributing to the development or progression of brain tumors. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge on splicing abnormalities in brain tumors and how these alterations contribute to the disease by sustaining proliferative signaling, escaping growth suppressors, or establishing a tumor microenvironment that fosters angiogenesis and intercellular communications. Lastly, we review recent efforts aimed at developing novel splicing-targeted cancer therapies, which employ oligonucleotide-based approaches or chemical modulators of alternative splicing that elicit an impact on brain tumor biology

c-MYC empowers transcription and productive splicing of the oncogenic splicing factor Sam68 in cancer

The splicing factor Sam68 is upregulated in many human cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa) where it promotes cell proliferation and survival. Nevertheless, in spite of its frequent upregulation in cancer, the mechanism(s) underlying its expression are largely unknown. Herein, bioinformatics analyses identified the promoter region of the Sam68 gene (KHDRBS1) and the proto-oncogenic transcription factor c-MYC as a key regulator of Sam68 expression. Upregulation of Sam68 and c-MYC correlate in PCa patients. c-MYC directly binds to and activates the Sam68 promoter. Furthermore, c-MYC affects productive splicing of the nascent Sam68 transcript by modulating the transcriptional elongation rate within the gene. Importantly, c-MYC-dependent expression of Sam68 is under the tight control of external cues, such as androgens and/or mitogens. These findings uncover an unexpected coordination of transcription and splicing of Sam68 by c-MYC, which may represent a key step in PCa tumorigenesis

Non-coding RNAs and splicing activity in testicular germ cell tumors

Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are the most common tumors in adolescent and young men. Recently, genome-wide studies have made it possible to progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of tumors. It is becoming increasingly clear that aberrant regulation of RNA metabolism can drive tumorigenesis and influence chemotherapeutic response. Notably, the expression of non-coding RNAs as well as specific splice variants is deeply deregulated in human cancers. Since these cancer-related RNA species are considered promising diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic targets, understanding their function in cancer development is becoming a major challenge. Here, we summarize how the different expression of RNA species repertoire, including non-coding RNAs and protein-coding splicing variants, impacts on TGCTs' onset and progression and sustains therapeutic resistance. Finally, the role of transcription-associated R-loop misregulation in the maintenance of genomic stability in TGCTs is also discussed

Pseudotuberculosis in Marmosets, Tamarins and Goeldi's monkey (Callithrichidae/Callimiconidae) kept at Jersey Zoo

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is an insidious bacterial infectious agent distributed worldwide and endemic to European countries. It has caused several animal deaths and may threaten the effectiveness of breeding projects for endangered species. In this retrospective study, we examine the prevalence of pseudotuberculosis in Jersey Zoo (Channel islands. U.K.) over a period of 16 yr to obtain information that can be applied to prevent the infection. The efforts made to control the disease through vaccination are also explored. Our results show that pseudotuberculosis has been endemic to Jersey Zoo since 1979 and is responsible for significant animal loss in the Callithrichidae/Callimiconidae group. Mortality due to Y. pseudotuberculosis was seasonal; a high percentage of deaths occurred during wet and cold seasons. No significant difference was found in mortality rates of vaccinated versus nonvaccinated animals. Although the efficacy of vaccination has not been confirmed. we believe that an improved vaccination program could be an important tool in controlling outbreaks of infection in marmosets and tamarin

O ângulo funcional mastigatório de Planas (AFMP) e a finalização ortodôntica

As chaves de oclusão devem estar presentes em uma oclusão ideal, portanto na correta finalização ortodôntica. Esses parâmetros são estáticos, porém a oclusão deve também ser analisada dinamicamente. Objetivo: A proposta desse trabalho é ilustrar, utilizando três casos clínicos, as chaves estáticas e dinâmicas e os ajustes que são preconizados para a obtenção do Ângulo Funcional Mastigatório de Planas (AFMP) iguais. Relato de Caso: foram relatados 3 casos clínicos diferentes, com graus de dificuldade de tratamento:  um Classe I com diastemas e giroversões; Classe I com uma sobremordida acentuada, e Classe III, subdivisão direita com mordida aberta anterior. Os casos foram detalhados quanto à finalização demonstrando a oclusão estática, e ajustes para obtenção de adequada oclusão dinâmica. Conclusão: Ajustes oclusais, após tratamento ortodôntico, melhoram a estabilidade oclusal e funcional, proporcionando um equilíbrio dentário e permitindo ao paciente uma mastigação bilateral