The architecture for testing central heating control algorithms with feedback from wireless temperature sensors

The energy consumption of buildings is a significant contributor to overall energy con- sumption in developed countries. Therefore, there is great demand for intelligent buildings in which energy consumption is optimized. Online control is a crucial aspect of such optimization. The imple- mentation of modern algorithms that take advantage of developments in information technology, artificial intelligence, machine learning, sensors, and the Internet of Things (IoT) is used in this context. In this paper, an architecture for testing central heating control algorithms as well as the control algorithms of the heating system of the building is presented. In particular, evaluation metrics, the method for seamless integration, and the mechanism for real-time performance monitoring and control are put forward. The proposed tools have been successfully tested in a residential building, and the conducted tests confirmed the efficiency of the proposed solution

Current Research into Applications of Tomography for Fusion Diagnostics

Retrieving spatial distribution of plasma emissivity from line integrated measurements on tokamaks presents a challenging task due to ill-posedness of the tomography problem and limited number of the lines of sight. Modern methods of plasma tomography therefore implement a-priori information as well as constraints, in particular some form of penalisation of complexity. In this contribution, the current tomography methods under development (Tikhonov regularisation, Bayesian methods and neural networks) are briefly explained taking into account their potential for integration into the fusion reactor diagnostics. In particular, current development of the Minimum Fisher Regularisation method is exemplified with respect to real-time reconstruction capability, combination with spectral unfolding and other prospective tasks

Phraseology expressions with components devil, badly, evil, лихо, зло, чорт in the Polish and Ukrainian languages

Struktura: niniejsza praca składa się ze wstępu, dwóch rozdziałów, wniosków i bibliografii. W pierwszym rozdziale przedstawiam definicje frazeologizmu w polskim i ukraińskim słowniku, dokonuję klasyfikacji frazeologizmów zgodnie z kryteriami polskich i ukraińskich badaczy i przedstawiam zjawisko wariantywności. W drugim rozdziale dokonuję analizy i porównania zwrotów frazeologicznych w języku polskim i ukraińskim.Wnioski: Celem niniejszej pracy jest porównanie polskich i ukraińskich związków frazeologicznych z komponentami czort, diabeł, licho, zło, лихо, зло, чорт. Dla porównania frazeologizmy podzieliłem zgodnie z funkcjami jakie pełnią. Najważniejszą cechą dla porównania związków frazeologicznych w niniejszej pracy jest wariantywność komponentów, dzięki której możliwe jest porównanie kilku jednostek z jednakowym znaczeniem. Z niniejszej pracy wynika, że w pokrewnych językach istnieje wiele podobnych związków frazeologicznych. Analizie podlegało 136 jednostek z czego 57v polskich i 79 ukraińskich. Okazało się, że najwięcej jest jednostek z komponentem чорт. Ciekawą inicjatywą byłoby stworzenie słownika frazeologicznego polsko-ukraińskiego.Structure of work: Work consists of entry, two chapters, conclusion and bibliography. In first chapter is presentation of definition of phraseological unit in Polish and Ukrainian dictionaries, classification of phraseological expressions according to the Polish and Ukrainian scientists and variations of phraseological expressions. In second chapter analysis and comparation phraseology units in the Polish and Ukrainian languages.Conclusions: The aim of this work is comparation of the Polish and Ukrainian phraseology expressions with components devil, badly, evil, лихо, зло, чорт. To conduct comparation it is needed to divide phraseological units according to their functions. The most important of phraseology units in this work is variations of components, due to that possible is a selection of a few turns with an identical value. It arises up from work, that there are many identical phraseology turns in similar languages. In this work there were 136 analysed phraseological expressions, where 57 are Polish and 79 Ukrainian. Most is turns alike after a structure and value in порівнанні with other groups. The most numerous in all analysed phraseology units are with a component devil. Interesting would be to create the Polish-Ukrainian phraseology dictionary

A Review of Total Hip Arthroplasty Comparison in FNF and OA Patients

Background. Worldwide, total hip arthroplasty (THA) has become one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures. Femoral neck fracture (FNF) and osteoarthritis (OA) are two of the medical conditions necessitating a hip replacement, most frequently carried out. The preoperative and postoperative pathways for patients suffering from these two diseases differ, yet worldwide, many national healthcare systems underestimate or misinterpret the (more than nuanced) care plan differences of the two. Factors and Criteria. Analyzed material was gathered from studies published between 2013 and 2019. Various strands of data demographics, comorbidities, and complications, as well as treatment outcomes, were tabulated to compare and contrast THA patients suffering from FNF and OA to collate their findings. Outcomes were cross-checked and validated for reliability and then were presented in a table format. Results. All five retrospective cohort studies fitted the required criteria for inclusion in this work, four US-based study groups and one European-based study group. Data were gathered from three separate databases. The “average” FNF patient is 76.8 years old. There was a 68.96% female probability. The “average” OA patient is 69.15 years old. There was a 5.24% female probability. 59.57% operated for athrosis, and only 34.63% operated for fracture which received grade lower than the third in the American Society of Anaesthesiologist (ASA) classification. There was more than 3 times higher prevalence of complications in the trauma group. FNF patients’ hospitalization was approximately 3 days longer. On average, 3.7% of patients operated for trauma and 1.5% of patients with elective THA required a second surgery. 6.57% FNF and 2.93% OA patients had unplanned readmission. Conclusions. In general, patients who suffer a femoral neck fracture are an extremely fragile group. They require additional perioperative and postoperative care. To meet these desired expectations, more FNF cost-comprehensive systems need to be initiated

Impact of Weather Conditions on Cereal Yields in Poland

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of weather factors on the yield of selected cereals in the context of ongoing climate change. The study used variables specifying factors such as temperature, precipitation, as well as control variables, which were the share of medium and heavy soils in a given province and the consumption of mineral fertilizers in kg of NPK/ha. The dependent variables were yields of selected cereals. Data were collected from databases of the Polish Institute of Meteorology and Water Management National Research Institute (IMGW PIB), Poland Statistics (GUS), and Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation State Research Institute (IUNG PIB). The meteorological data came from 157 meteorological stations located in 14 provinces. Estimation was carried out for the 2013–2020 period. The study used the panel regression method. For all the models estimated, there was a significant effect of the number of days with precipitation on yields. While regularly occurring, moderate rainfall is undoubtedly favorable, large amounts of rainfall can adversely affect yields. Another statistically significant climatic factor is temperature during spring and summer, with moderate temperatures being the most favorable for yields. Changes in temperature affected yield changes in individual cereals with varying intensity, with the strongest effect recorded for wheat. On the basis of the research carried out, a conclusion was drawn that Polish agriculture will need to adapt to the new conditions by undertaking a number of measures, including changing the structure of crops, securing the irrigation of plants against possible droughts with efficient, modern irrigation systems, increasing the genetic diversity of plants, and using modern agrotechnics

Wpływ warunków pogodowych na plony zbóż w Polsce

Celem pracy była ocena wpływu czynników pogodowych na plonowanie wybranych zbóż w Polsce w kontekście postępujących zmian klimatu. Do badania wykorzystano zmienne charakteryzujące takie czynniki, jak temperatura, opady, a także zmienne kontrolne, którymi były udział gleb średnich i ciężkich w danym województwie oraz zużycie nawozów mineralnych w kg NPK/ha. Zmiennymi estymowanymi były zbiory wybranych zbóż. Dane uzyskano z baz danych IMGW PIB, GUS-u oraz IUNG PIB. Dane meteorologiczne pochodziły ze 157 stacji meteorologicznych rozlokowanych w 14 województwach. Estymację przeprowadzono dla okresu 2013–2020. W badaniu posłużono się metodą regresji panelowej. W przypadku wszystkich estymowanych modeli odnotowano istotny wpływ liczby dni z opadem na wielkość uzyskiwanych plonów. O ile regularnie pojawiające się umiarkowane opady są niewątpliwie sprzyjające, to duże ich ilości mogą niekorzystnie wpływać na plony. Kolejnym z istotnych statystycznie czynników klimatycznych jest temperatura w okresie wiosenno-letnim, przy czym najkorzystniejsze dla plonów są umiarkowane temperatury. Zmiany temperatury z różną intensywnością oddziaływały na zmiany plonów poszczególnych zbóż, przy czym najsilniejszy efekt odnotowano w przypadku pszenicy. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań wyciągnięto wniosek, że polskie rolnictwo powinno przygotować się do nowych warunków poprzez podjęcie szeregu działań, m.in. zmianę struktury upraw, zabezpieczenie nawodnienia roślin przed możliwymi suszami przy zastosowaniu wydajnych, nowoczesnych systemów nawadniania, zwiększenie zróżnicowania genetycznego roślin, a także wykorzystanie nowoczesnej agrotechniki.The aim of this study was to assess the impact of weather factors on the yield of selected cereals in the context of ongoing climate change. The study used variables specifying factors such as temperature, precipitation, as well as control variables, which were the share of medium and heavy soils in a given province and the consumption of mineral fertilizers in kg of NPK/ha. The dependent variables were yields of selected cereals. Data were collected from databases of the Polish Institute of Meteorology and Water Management National Research Institute (IMGW PIB), Poland Statistics (GUS), and Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation State Research Institute (IUNG PIB). The meteorological data came from 157 meteorological stations located in 14 provinces. Estimation was carried out for the 2013–2020 period. The study used the panel regression method. For all the models estimated, there was a significant effect of the number of days with precipitation on yields. While regularly occurring, moderate rainfall is undoubtedly favorable, large amounts of rainfall can adversely affect yields. Another statistically significant climatic factor is temperature during spring and summer, with moderate temperatures being the most favorable for yields. Changes in temperature affected yield changes in individual cereals with varying intensity, with the strongest effect recorded for wheat. On the basis of the research carried out, a conclusion was drawn that Polish agriculture will need to adapt to the new conditions by undertaking a number of measures, including changing the structure of crops, securing the irrigation of plants against possible droughts with efficient, modern irrigation systems, increasing the genetic diversity of plants, and using modern agrotechnics

Impact of Weather Conditions on Cereal Yields in Poland

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of weather factors on the yield of selected cereals in the context of ongoing climate change. The study used variables specifying factors such as temperature, precipitation, as well as control variables, which were the share of medium and heavy soils in a given province and the consumption of mineral fertilizers in kg of NPK/ha. The dependent variables were yields of selected cereals. Data were collected from databases of the Polish Institute of Meteorology and Water Management National Research Institute (IMGW PIB), Poland Statistics (GUS), and Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation State Research Institute (IUNG PIB). The meteorological data came from 157 meteorological stations located in 14 provinces. Estimation was carried out for the 2013–2020 period. The study used the panel regression method. For all the models estimated, there was a significant effect of the number of days with precipitation on yields. While regularly occurring, moderate rainfall is undoubtedly favorable, large amounts of rainfall can adversely affect yields. Another statistically significant climatic factor is temperature during spring and summer, with moderate temperatures being the most favorable for yields. Changes in temperature affected yield changes in individual cereals with varying intensity, with the strongest effect recorded for wheat. On the basis of the research carried out, a conclusion was drawn that Polish agriculture will need to adapt to the new conditions by undertaking a number of measures, including changing the structure of crops, securing the irrigation of plants against possible droughts with efficient, modern irrigation systems, increasing the genetic diversity of plants, and using modern agrotechnics

Diagnostic systems for the nuclear fusion and plasma research in the PF-24 plasma focus laboratory at the IFJ PAN

This paper presents a set of diagnostics dedicated to PF-24 - new medium size - plasma focus (PF) device built and operated at the Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences (IFJ PAN). The PF-24 can operate at energy level up to 93 kJ and charging voltage up to 40 kV. Each condenser is connected with a specially designed spark gap with a very small jitter, which ensures a high effi ciency and a low current rise time. The working parameters of PF-24 generator make it a suitable tool for testing new detection systems to be used in fusion research. Four types of such detection systems are presented in this article: three diagnostic systems used to measure electric quantities (Rogowski coil, magnetic probe, capacitance probe), neutron counter based on beryllium activation, fast neutron pinhole camera based on small-area BCF-12 plastic scintillation detectors and high-speed four-frame soft X-ray camera with microchannel plate

Molecular characterization of DNA double strand breaks with tip-enhanced Raman scattering

DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) are deadly lesions that can lead to genetic defects and cell apoptosis. Techniques that directly detect DNA DSBs include scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and fluorescence based approaches. While these techniques can be used to identify DSBs they provide no information on the molecular events occurring at the break. Tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) can provide molecular information from DNA at the nanoscale and in combination with AFM provides a new way to visualize and characterize the molecular structure of DSBs. DSBs result from cleavage at the 3’- and 5’-bonds of deoxyribose upon exposure to UVC radiation based on the observation of P-O-H and methyl/methylene deformation modes enhanced in the TERS spectra. It is hypothesized that strand fragments are hydrogen-terminated at the lesion, indicating the action of free radicals during photon exposure.