LITERARY DIMENSIONS OF AQEEL AHMAD DANISH

Syed Aqeel Ahmad Danish belongs to Amroha. He was destined to migrate continuously. First, he migrated to Karachi and then to London.  Ghazal is his specialty. His ghazals have a fine blend of classical maturity with modern themes.  Aqeel Ahmed Danish is a versatile poet and writer. Every Sunday, his column "رسائل دل تک"(Rasaail Dil Tak) is published in Jang London. He is associated with this stream of journalism in which poets and writers have a share.  This paper sheds light on the art of Aqeel Ahmed Danish as a whole

THE COMMON HERITAGE OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY

Urdu is an ancient Aryan language associated with Sanskrit. Its history in India dates back to about 1500 years ago. The form came into being which met the standard of literature. This is how the evolutionary journey of Urdu began early specimens of Urdu are found in northern India Amir Khosrow has tried his hand at all genres of prose. Urdu language words are often found together. That is why all Urdu and Hindi people recognize him as their poet. He used common sense language in his speech which was very clear language. Therefore it is appropriate that Amir Khosrow has accepted the influence of Punjabi, a Steep, dialect. The great heritage of Urdu is also found in Deccan who worked for the promotion & publication of this language. Therefore, the early impressions of Urdu are ancient. Among the earliest works of prose are Khawaja Ashraf Jahangir's Magazine and Khawaja Banda Nawaz Gesu Daraz's Miraj-e-Aashiqeen. The most important work of the century is Sub Ras. Another name of this book is Qissa Husan-o-Adal. The Urdu language is slowly developing

An Intellectual & Technical Review of Irfan Siddiqui's Book ‘Makkah Madina’

Travelogue is a piece of literature that describes a journey. There is a profound tradition of travelogue writing in Urdu literature. Pilgrimage to Makkah and Madina has been narrated by many writers. Similarly, Irfan Saddiqui expressed his feelings and travel details while visiting Makkah and Madina through his travelogue ‘Makkah Madinah’ which highlights the beauty and spiritual quest of travelers and devotees. He reincarnates and revives the historical aspects of the Holy Pilgrimage. Saddiqui represents the true spirit of Islam, love for Holy Prophet (PBUH), peace, emotions and longings through visual imagery. An intellectual and technical review of the said book has been taken through this paper

Article Herding Behaviour: Empirical Analysis of Pakistan, China, USA Stock Market

The present study investigates market - wide herding of the stock market, industry indices of Pakistan, Chinaand the US, A - cross border herding of Pakistan n stock market with Chinese stock market and the US stock market. With Cross-Sectional - Absolute - Deviation, to check whether geographical distance matters to influence the stock markets or not and the USA as its major influential , cannot be ignored. Market - wide herding in Pakistan is found only during 2004 and 2008 and A - cross border herding for Paki stan is only found from the US which supports asset pricing model and market efficiency. Pakistan market do not herd around China, this negates the matter of geographical distance and influence in determining investor behavior in stock markets. It is revealed that Pakistan stock market does not observe as much herding behavior in stock investment as the other markets (USA and China), so it can be said that Pakistan stock exchange index, which is representative of Pakistan Stock market, is efficiently operating in contest of Herding

Withering timings affect the total free amino acids and mineral contents of tea leaves during black tea manufacturing

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of withering timings (i.e. 0, 21, 22, 23 and 24h) on the moisture, total free amino acids, ash, essential and toxic mineral element contents of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) leaves during black tea manufacturing. Moisture, ash, Na, P, Mg, Cu, Zn, Mn, Al, Ni and Pb contents were significantly (P<0.05) affected by withering, whereas non-significant (P>0.05) results were noted for total free amino acids, K, Fe and Cd contents. The highest moisture content (76.4%) was examined in fresh leaves that progressively decreased to 63.8% in 24h withering. Total free amino acid contents gradually increased up to 23h and then decreased. Ash, P, Cu, Zn and Mn contents showed an increasing trend with withering time. Conversely, significantly lowered amounts of Na (162.5mg/kg) and Mg (803mg/kg) were recorded in tea leaves after 24h withering. Among the toxic elements, Al, Ni and Pb contents were progressively increased over withering time. It was concluded that tea is a potential source of essential chemical constituents and during processing proper care should be taken to produce high quality black tea

MANAGEMENT OF GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS: AN INSIGHT INTO EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE AMONG POSTGRADUATE TRAINEES OF OBSTETRICS AND MEDICINE DISCIPLINES

OBJECTIVE: To explore the discrepancies regarding screening, diagnosis & management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among postgraduate trainees of Obstetrics & Gynaecology (OBG) and Medicine disciplines. METHODS: This multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st to 31st August 2022. The questionnaire regarding screening, diagnosis, management of GDM, & postnatal follow-up with neonatal care were distributed among postgraduate trainees of medicine/OBG through google-form/hardcopies. Data was analysed through SPSS-22 RESULTS: Out of 236 trainees, 184 (78%) were following national institute of clinical excellence (NICE) guidelines for management of GDM. Majority of medicine (n=87/120 (72.5%) & OBG (n=76/116; 65.5%) trainees failed to identify the correct cut-off of oral glucose tolerance test for GDM. A big chunk of both OBG (n=93/116; 80.2%) & Medicine (n=96/120; 80%) trainees were unable to differentiate pre-existing diabetes mellitus from GDM. The clinical knowledge about carbohydrate diet (n=119/236; 50.4%), calories intake (103/236; 43.6%) & low glycaemic index (138/236; 58.5%) was poor among trainees of both specialities. Surprisingly, the medicine trainee’s knowledge about insulin types, dose & tocolytic agent was not evidence-based. The practicing knowledge of both specialities was poor about identification of neonatal hypoglycemia (n=30/236; 12.7%) & its management (n=47; 19.9%). Trainees of both specialities had poor knowledge about postnatal follow-up (n=64/236; 27.1%) of GDM patients. CONCLUSION: GDM is a common domain for OBG & medicine disciplines with no consensus guidelines for its uniform management. This study has identified some basic gaps in the clinical practice of future consultants regarding GDM management, urging the need of combined local guidelines

Securing recruitment and obtaining informed consent in minority ethnic groups in the UK

Background: Previous health research has often explicitly excluded individuals from minority ethnic backgrounds due to perceived cultural and communication difficulties, including studies where there might be language/literacy problems in obtaining informed consent. This study addressed these difficulties by developing audio-recorded methods of obtaining informed consent and recording data. This report outlines 1) our experiences with securing recruitment to a qualitative study investigating alternative methods of data collection, and 2) the development of a standardised process for obtaining informed consent from individuals from minority ethnic backgrounds whose main language does not have an agreed written form. Methods: Two researchers from South Asian backgrounds recruited adults with Type 2 diabetes whose main language was spoken and not written, to attend a series of focus groups. A screening tool was used at recruitment in order to assess literacy skills in potential participants. Informed consent was obtained using audio-recordings of the patient information and recording patients' verbal consent. Participants' perceptions of this method of obtaining consent were recorded. Results: Recruitment rates were improved by using telephone compared to face-to-face methods. The screening tool was found to be acceptable by all potential participants. Audio-recorded methods of obtaining informed consent were easy to implement and accepted by all participants. Attrition rates differed according to ethnic group. Snowballing techniques only partly improved participation rates. Conclusion: Audio-recorded methods of obtaining informed consent are an acceptable alternative to written consent in study populations where literacy skills are variable. Further exploration of issues relating to attrition is required, and a range of methods may be necessary in order to maximise response and participation

Predictors of Prenatal Depression: A Cross-Sectional Study in Rural Pakistan

Objective: To determine the prevalence and association of prenatal depression with socioeconomic, demographic and personal factors among pregnant women living in Kallar Syedan, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Methods: Five hundred women in the second and third trimester of pregnancy, living in Kallar Syedan, a rural area of district Rawalpindi Pakistan, were included in the study. Depression was assessed using “Patient health questionnaire” (PHQ9) in Urdu, with a cut-off score of 10. Multi-dimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS) was used to assess perceived social support. Life Events and Difficulties Schedule (LEDS) were used to measure stressful life events in past 1 year. Tool to assess intimate partner violence (IPV) was based on WHO Multi Country Study on “Women's Health and Domestic Violence against Women.” Results: Prevalence of prenatal depression was found to be 27%. Number of pregnancies was significantly associated with prenatal depression (p < 0.01). Women living in a joint family and those who perceived themselves as moderately satisfied or not satisfied with their life in the next 4 years were found to be depressed (p < 0.01, OR 6.9, CI 1.77–26.73). Depressive symptomatology in women who experienced more than five stressful life events in last 1 year was three times higher (p < 0.001, OR 3.2, CI 1.68–5.98) than in women with 1–2 stressful events. Women who were supported by their significant others or their family members had 0.9 times (p < 0.01, OR 0.9, CI 0.85–0.96) less chance of getting depressed. Pregnant women who were psychologically abused by their partners were 1.5 times more depressed (p < 0.05 CI 1.12–2.51). Odds of having depression was also high in women who had less mean score of MSSI (p < 0.05, OR 1.1, CI 1.01–1.09). Women who had suitable accommodation had 0.5 times less chance of having depression than others (p < 0.05, OR 0.5, CI 0.27–0.92). Conclusion: Over a quarter of the women in the study population reported prenatal depression, which were predicted predominantly by psychosocial variables

Barriers and Facilitators for Execution of Nursing Process Among Nurses in Mayo Hospital Lahore, Pakistan

Background: Nursing process is a global concept, which builds the base of nursing as profession. The nursing process is used in many hospitals for implementation of nursing efforts. Nursing has always directed to provide comfort, care, and assurance to the patients in order to keep them healthy. The nursing care may involve many activities ranging from holding a hand of the patient to carrying out complicated technical procedures. Objectives: objective of this study is to determine barriers and facilitators which nurses face during implementation of nursing process in hospitals. Methodology: Descriptive cross sectional study design with a sample size of 124 participants which were selected through convenient sampling in Mayo hospital Lahore. Results: results of this study were carried out using SPSS version 21. From 100% participants 0.8% of the participants were male and 99.2% participants were female. 89.5% participants have good knowledge in nursing process and 67.7% participants practice nursing process often. 84.68% participants revealed that Hospital management needs to be progressive on benefits of nursing process. 87.9% participants stated that they face barriers related to insufficient resources. 65.3% participants were agree admitted that nursing process is time consuming. 62.9% participants were not agree about having enough time for execution of process. 79.8% participants admitted that they have got this knowledge during training life. Conclusion: This study concluded that nurses have a worthy knowledge about nursing process. Most nurses practice it often and others who cannot implement it may face barriers like shortage of time, inadequate resources and some managerial inadequacies. Keywords: Execution of Nursing Process. Barriers &amp; facilitators. DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/77-07 Publication date:July 31st 202