Psicologia social e pobreza: análise das disciplinas dos cursos de psicologia de IEES do Paraná // Social psychology and poverty: analysis of the disciplines of the Psychology courses in IESS of Paraná

O objetivo deste artigo é investigar a questão da pobreza no campo da Psicologia Social, a partir da análise de programas de disciplinas dos três cursos de Psicologia de Instituições Estaduais de Ensino Superior (IEES) do Paraná. A mudança do perfil da profissão, com o aumento do número de profissionais no campo crítico da Psicologia Social, acompanhou a inserção da Psicologia nos espaços de trabalho com as manifestações da “questão social”. Nesse sentido, a pobreza torna-se um tema relevante para a atuação profissional dos psicólogos(as), principalmente, no campo das políticas públicas. A análise demonstrou que a Psicologia Social que é apresentada aos alunos tem o foco na perspectiva crítica, resgatando suas bases teóricas. Por outro lado, não observamos elementos que garantem a aproximação de fato com a questão da pobreza, que aparece de forma transversal a partir de temas como desigualdade e exclusão social. Conclui-se que a questão da pobreza não está sendo tratada nas propostas curriculares com a mesma relevância que as discussões referentes aos espaços tradicionais de atuação

Cyberknife Radiosurgery for Trigeminal Neuralgia

IntroductionImage-guided robotic radiosurgery is an emerging minimally-invasive treatment option for trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Our group has treated 560 cases up to date, and report here the clinical outcomes of 387 treatments with three years follow-up. This study represents the largest single-center experience on CyberKnife radiosurgery for the treatment of TN so far reported.MethodsCyberKnife radiosurgery treatment was offered to patients with drug-resistant TN, after the failure of other treatments or refusal of invasive procedures. A second treatment was offered to patients with a poor response after the first treatment or with recurrent pain. Treatment protocol required the non-isocentric delivery of 60 Gy prescribed to the 80% isodose to a 6 mm retrogasserian segment of the affected trigeminal nerve. Retreatments typically received 45 Gy, again prescribed to the 80% isodose. The final plan was developed accordingly to individual anatomy and dose distribution over the trigeminal nerve, gasserian ganglion, and brainstem. Clinical outcomes such as pain control and hypoesthesia/numbness have been evaluated after 6, 12, 24, and 36 months.ResultsOur group has treated 527 patients with Cyberknife radiosurgery at Centro Diagnostico Italiano (CDI), Milan, Italy, during the last decade. A minimum follow-up of six months was available on 496 patients. These patients received 560 treatments: 435 patients (87.7%) had a single treatment, 60 patients (12.1%) had two treatments, and one patient (0.2%) had five treatments (two on the right side, three on the left side). Twenty four patients had multiple sclerosis (4.8%). Four hundred and forty-three patients (84%) received the treatment without previous procedures, while 84 patients (16%) underwent radiosurgery after the failure of other treatments. A neurovascular conflict was identified in 59% of the patients. Three hundred and forty-three patients (receiving a total of 387 treatments) had a minimum of 36 months follow up. Pain relief rate at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 months was respectively 92, 87, 87, 82, 78 and 76%. Forty-four patients out of 343 (12.8%) required a second treatment during the observed period. At 36 months post-treatment, 21 patients (6,1%) reported the presence of bothering facial hypoesthesia. Eighteen patients out of 21 (85.7%) developed this complication after a repeated treatment.ConclusionsFrameless image-guided robotic radiosurgery in experienced hands is a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of TN, providing excellent pain control rates in the absence of major neurological complications. Repeated treatments due to recurrent pain are associated with restored pain control but at the price of a higher rate of sensory complications

The accuracy of burn depth diagnosis: Clinical assessment before and after enzymatic debridement

Abstract Introduction The most common technique used to determine burn depth is clinical assessment by experienced burn surgeons, although this has been shown to be reliable in only 60–75% of the cases. Overestimation of burn depth may result in needles surgery, while burn depth underestimation can led to an increased length of stay in the hospital, risk of contracture and hypertrophic scar formation. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical evaluation of burn depth before and after enzymatic debridement with Nexobrid®. Methods The study model was retrospective. 69 patient records were collected at our burn units, from Jan 2018 to Jan 2019. Each target wound was directly assessed by a single expert physician before and after enzymatic debridement. It was investigated whether the expert, by single wound, would have indicated the need for skin grafts before treatment with Nexobrid® and after treatment. Results Prior to treatment with Nexobrid®, the expert physician assessed that a graft was necessary for 47/69 patients (68.1%). Following debridement, the same expert deemed that the patients needing a graft were 19/69 (27.5%); analysing K-agreement, a 40.6% discrepancy between the pre and post-treatment opinion with Nexobrid® was observed. Discussion The use of Nexobrid® enzymatic debridement can positively affect burn depth clinical assessment, increasing its specificity and sensitivity, without any need for delay. This can lead to a significant change in clinical practice, minimizing the use of surgery, therefore increasing quality and precision of the reconstructive phase

Non-perturbative effective interactions from fluxes

Motivated by possible implications on the problem of moduli stabilization and other phenomenological aspects, we study D-brane instanton effects in flux compactifications. We focus on a local model and compute non-perturbative interactions generated by gauge and stringy instantons in a N = 1 quiver theory with gauge group U(N_0) x U(N_1) and matter in the bifundamentals. This model is engineered with fractional D3-branes at a C^3/(Z_2 x Z_2) singularity, and its non-perturbative sectors are described by introducing fractional D-instantons. We find a rich variety of instanton-generated F- and D-term interactions, ranging from superpotentials and Beasley-Witten like multi-fermion terms to non-supersymmetric flux-induced instanton interactions.Comment: 37 pages, 7 figures. Final version published on JHEP. Section 4 modified in several points regarding string corrections in absence of fluxes; in particular, section 4.3 is removed. Some other minor changes and two references adde

“Studio in vitro di un nuovo trattamento per il controllo dell'adesione batterica di impianti dentali in titanio e lega di titanio”

attualità, nell’ambito della moderna odontoiatrica riabilitativa. L’incorporazione di un impianto dentale osteointegrato può determinare una colonizzazione batterica sulla porzione transmucosa dell’impianto, con la conseguente progressiva perdita del contatto tra impianto e tessuti molli che incrementa la possibilità di aggressione di patogeni al tessuto mineralizzato, compromettendone l’osteointegrazione, con conseguenze che possono portare fino al fallimento del dispositivo. Nel presente lavoro sono stati studiati metodi elettrochimici di modifica superficiale degli impianti, in grado di cambiare lo spessore e la struttura del film di passività che riveste il titanio e le leghe di titanio. Con queste tecniche si possono ottenere film di ossido di titanio superficiale cristallino, potenzialmente in grado di ridurre la colonizzazione batterica degli impianti osteointegrati una volta posizionati e funzionalizzati nel cavo orale. In particolare è stata studiata l’influenza del voltaggio di trattamenti di anodizzazione, applicati a superfici di titanio commercialmente puro grado 2 e lega di titanio Ti6Al4V, sull’inibizione del processo adesivo e proliferativo, rispettivamente a 3 e 24 ore, di quattro ceppi batterici: Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gengivalis, Staphylococcus aureus 8325-4 e Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A

Gravidez em cicatriz de cesária: um relato de caso

The term ectopic pregnancy refers to nidations that occur outside the uterine cavity, and may occur in the fallopian tubes, ovaries, abdomen, uterine scar - the latter being the rarest and with the highest risk of morbidity and mortality, due to major complications such as uterine rupture and massive bleeding. Thus, this report describes this rare pregnancy implantation, which has been increasing its incidence due to the increase of elective cesarean sections. A 34-year-old patient, G2C1A1, was admitted to a reference service with an ultrasound report of anembryonic pregnancy. After orientation, the patient opted for expectant management. One month later, the patient returns complaining of vaginal bleeding, and a new ultrasound shows a large amount of ovular debris. Due to the missed abortion, the team performed manual intrauterine aspiration with a small amount of material - incompatible with the ultrasound - which led to a control transvaginal ultrasound. It was identified intrauterine heterogeneous content, with an anechoic image in the central portion - suspicion of ectopic pregnancy in uterine scar or molar pregnancy. A new BHCG and magnetic resonance imaging were requested for diagnostic elucidation, and an ectopic pregnancy implanted in a cesarean section scar was found. After approach, the patient started with fever and laboratory changes, which suggested uterine perforation. With urgency, the patient was reordered and laparotomy was performed, with visualization of uterine serosa bulging and apparent perforation. An abdominal hysterectomy was performed, with no further complications other than increased bleeding, requiring blood transfusion at the end.O termo gravidez ectópica se refere às nidações que ocorrem fora da cavidade uterina, podendo ocorrer nas trompas, ovários, abdome, cicatriz uterina - sendo esta última, a mais rara e com maior risco de morbimortalidade, devido a maiores complicações como rotura uterina e hemorragia volumosa. Dessa forma, este relato descreve esta rara implantação de gestação, a qual vem elevando sua incidência devido ao aumento de cesarianas eletivas. Paciente, 34 anos, G2C1A1, é admitida ao serviço de referência com laudo de gestação anembrionada no ultrassom. Após orientação, optou por conduta expectante. Passado um mês, retorna com queixa de sangramento vaginal e novo ultrassom consta grande quantidade de restos ovulares. Devido ao aborto retido, equipe realiza aspiração manual intrauterina com pequena saída de material - incompatível com ultrassom - o que ocasionou a realização ultrassom trasnvaginal de controle. Foi identificado conteúdo heterogêneo intrauterino, com imagem anecoica na porção central - suspeita de gestação ectópica em cicatriz uterina ou gestação molar. Diante disso, foram solicitados novo BHCG e ressonância magnética para elucidação diagnóstica, constatando gestação ectópica implantada em cicatriz de cesárea. Após abordagem, paciente iniciou com febre e alterações laboratoriais, os quais sugeriam perfuração uterina. Com urgência, paciente foi reabordada e foi realizado laparotomia, com visualização de abaulamento de serosa uterina e aparente perfuração. Realizada histerectomia abdominal, sem mais complicações além de sangramento aumentado, com necessidade de transfusão sanguínea ao final

Radiotherapy Timing in 4,820 Patients With Breast Cancer: University of Florence Experience

PURPOSE: To analyze the relationship between a delay in radiotherapy (RT) after breast-conserving surgery and ipsilateral breast recurrence (BR). METHODS AND MATERIALS: We included in our analysis 4,820 breast cancer patients who had undergone postoperative RT at the University of Florence. The patients were categorized into four groups according to the interval between surgery and RT (T1, 180 days). RESULTS: On multivariate analysis, the timing of RT did not reach statistical significance in patients who received only postoperative RT (n = 1,935) or RT and hormonal therapy (HT) (n = 1,684) or RT, chemotherapy (CHT), and HT (n = 529). In the postoperative RT-only group, age at presentation, surgical margin status, and a boost to the tumor bed were independent prognostic factors for BR. In the RT plus HT group, age at presentation and boost emerged as independent prognostic factors for BR (p = 0.006 and p = 0.049, respectively). Finally, in the RT, CHT, and HT group, only multifocality was an independent BR predictor (p = 0.01). Only in the group of patients treated with RT and CHT (n = 672) did multivariate analysis with stepwise selection show RT timing as an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio, 1.59; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-2.52; p = 0.045). Analyzing this group of patients, we found that most patients included had worse prognostic factors and had received CHT consisting of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil before undergoing RT. CONCLUSION: The results of our study have shown that the timing of RT itself does not affect local recurrence, which is mainly related to prognostic factors. Thus, the "waiting list" should be thought of as a "programming list," with patients scheduled for RT according to their prognostic factors

Latent classes of emotional and behavioural problems in epidemiological and referred samples and their relations to DSM-IV diagnoses

Researchers\u2019 interest have recently moved toward the identification of recurrent psychopathological profiles characterized by concurrent elevations on different behavioural and emotional traits. This new strategy turned to be useful in terms of diagnosis and outcome prediction. We used a person-centred statistical approach to examine whether different groups could be identified in a referred sample and in a general-population sample of children and adolescents, and we investigated their relation to DSM-IV diagnoses. A latent class analysis (LCA) was performed on the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) syndrome scales of the referred sample (N = 1225), of the general-population sample (N = 3418), and of the total sample. Models estimating 1-class through 5-class solutions were compared and agreement in the classification of subjects was evaluated. Chi square analyses, a logistic regression, and a multinomial logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the relations between classes and diagnoses. In the two samples and in the total sample, the best-fitting models were 4-class solutions. The identified classes were Internalizing Problems (15.68%), Severe Dysregulated (7.82%), Attention/Hyperactivity (10.19%), and Low Problems (66.32%). Subsequent analyses indicated a significant relationship between diagnoses and classes as well as a main association between the severe dysregulated class and comorbidity. Our data suggested the presence of four different psychopathological profiles related to different outcomes in terms of psychopathological diagnoses. In particular, our results underline the presence of a profile characterized by severe emotional and behavioural dysregulation that is mostly associated with the presence of multiple diagnosis

School in Italy: a safe place for children and adolescents

Background: During the first SARS-CoV-2 pandemic phase, the sudden closure of schools was one of the main measures to minimize the spread of the virus. In the second phase, several safety procedures were implemented to avoid school closure. To evaluate if the school is a safe place, students and staff of two school complexes of Rome were monitored to evaluate the efficacy of prevention measures inside the school buildings. Methods: Oral secretions specimens were collected from 1262 subjects for a total of 3431 samples, collected over a 3 months period. Detection of Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was performed by real-time PCR. Target genes were represented by E gene, RdRP/S gene and N gene. Results: Among the 3431 samples analyzed, just 16 sample resulted as positive or low positive: 1 sample in the first month, 12 samples in the second month and 3 in the third month. In each period of evaluation, all positive children attended different classes. Conclusions: Even if the school has the potential for spreading viruses, our preliminary results show the efficacy of the implementations undertaken in this setting to minimize virus diffusion. Our evidence suggests that school does not act as an amplifier for transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and can be really considered a safe place for students

Ciranda do trânsito

Trabalho apresentado no 31º SEURS - Seminário de Extensão Universitária da Região Sul, realizado em Florianópolis, SC, no período de 04 a 07 de agosto de 2013 - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina.A proposta aqui apresentada visa desenvolver atividades de extensão relacionando psicologia do trânsito e educação. É significativa do ponto de vista social pelo fato do trânsito caracterizar-se hoje como um dos maiores problemas de saúde e segurança pública ensejando ações governamentais e não-governamentais. Assim torna-se necessário que a universidade também contribua com a questão já que hoje detém tecnologias capazes de ajudar na solução de alguns dos problemas na área. Também é dever da universidade formar profissionais e cidadãos sintonizados com seu contexto histórico, e o Brasil atual não mais permite que seja ignorada a problemática do trânsito na formação de profissionais que vão atuar nas áreas de saúde e educação, como é o caso dos psicólogos. Essa proposta de oficina destina-se a um público formado por crianças entre 2,5 e 10 anos (matriculadas até o quinto ano do ensino fundamental). Tem como objetivo geral promover, entre crianças de educação infantil e primeiro ciclo do ensino fundamental, o desenvolvimento de conceitos básicos para sua sobrevivência e saúde no trânsito, assim como para que se tornem cidadãos conscientes nesse sistema (trânsito). Para alcançar esse objetivo a estratégia a ser desenvolvida é o Ciranda do Trânsito. Essas atividades vêm sendo desenvolvidas desde 2009 como projeto de extensão na Universidade Federal do Paraná. Até o final de 2012 mais de 7000 crianças já haviam participado e as avaliações apontam a consecução dos objetivos propostos e assim a sua continuidade