Methods and Compositions for Expressing Multiple Genes in Plants by Alternate Splicing of a Polycistronic Message

The present invention provides a method and composition for expression of multiple genes from a polycistronic message in transgenic plants using genetic elements derived from the peanut chlorotic streak caulimovirus promoter-leader sequence and antisense sequence of PC1SV ORF VII. Also provided are compositions and methods for intron-mediated enhanced and regulated expression of genes in transgenic plants

Nutritional characteristics and physiological studies on the growth and development of Phlebiopsis gigantea

Physiological studies pertaining to the effect of physical factors, carbon and nitrogen requirement of Phlebiopsis gigantea were conducted to know its behaviour in vitro. These studies have revealed interesting results regarding its growth and reproduction behaviour. The best medium for the optimum growth is Glucose-peptone medium. The optimum temperature (28°C) and pH (5.0) is required for the optimum mycelial production of Phlebiopsis gigantea after 12 days of incubation. The best carbon source for the growth of the fungus is D(+)Glucose least seen in Sucrose medium. The best inorganic nitrogen sources for the growth of the fungus is Sodium nitrate. The least mycelial growth of fungus is observed in ammonium acetate and ammonium nitrate. The best organic nitrogen compound for the mycelial growth of fungus is DL-threonine

Kinetics of Solid State Reaction between Copper & Bromine Vapours

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Spectrum of endometrial lesions observed on histopathological examination of endometrial samples in women with abnormal uterine bleeding

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding is one of the common gynecological complaints of women of all age groups. Histopathological study of endometrial biopsy and curettage samples is an effective diagnostic modality that can be used to identify cause of AUB at its earliest. This study was done to investigate the various endometrial causes of AUB that frequently come to our hospital and their incidence in various age groups i.e. reproductive, perimenopausal and postmenopausal.Methods: This study was conducted on 108 patients who clinically presented with AUB and had their endometrial biopsy and curettage specimens sent to the histopathology department of our tertiary care hospital and teaching centre, located in Uttar Pradesh from June 2018 to May 2019. The endometrial patterns were observed, and their frequencies and percentages were computed and classified age group wise.Results: These studies included patients with age range from 19 to 77 years. The predominant age group with AUB was reproductive age group (<40 years). The most common histopathological finding in this study was normal menstrual pattern (48.15 %). The endometrial pathologies observed were hormonal imbalance and pill effect (22.22%), atrophic endometrium (10.19%), chronic endometritis (5.56%), benign endometrial polyp (4.63%), gestation products (3.70%), endometrial hyperplasia (3.70%), and endometrial carcinoma (1.85%). Conclusion: The most commonly known cause of AUB in reproductive age group is due to hormonal imbalance. Endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma are usually more common in the perimenopausal and postmenopausal age groups. Overall, in patients with no organic cause of AUB, normal cyclical endometrial pattern is the most prevalent endometrial pattern observed.Conclusions: The most commonly known cause of AUB in reproductive age group is due to hormonal imbalance. Endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma are usually more common in the perimenopausal and postmenopausal age groups. Overall, in patients with no organic cause of AUB, normal cyclical endometrial pattern is the most prevalent endometrial pattern observed

Improving immunization equity through a public-private partnership in Cambodia.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects on immunization equity of the large-scale contracting of primary health-care services in rural areas of Cambodia. METHODS: Data were obtained pre-intervention and post-intervention from a large-scale quasi-experiment in contracting with nongovernmental organizations to provide primary health care in nine rural districts of Cambodia between 1999 and mid-2001. Coverage targets and equity targets for all primary health-care services, including immunization of children, were explicitly included in the contracts awarded in five of nine rural districts which together have a population of over 1.25 million people. The remaining four districts used the traditional government model for providing services and were given identical targets. FINDINGS: After the 2.5 years of the trial, bivariate and multivariate analyses of the results suggested that although there was a substantial increase in the proportion of children who were fully immunized in all districts, children in the poorest 50% of households in the districts served by contractors were more likely to be fully immunized than poor children living in similar circumstances in districts using the government's model, all other things being equal. CONCLUSION: The contracting approach described in this paper suggests a means of moving towards a more equitable distribution of immunization services in developing countries

Physico-chemical studies of water quality in Banganga (Small River) of Shri Mata Vaishno Devi, Katra, J & K

Banganga is the first major station for a yatries when they undertake their on-foot journey from Katra to Bhawan (Shri Mata Vaishno Devi). The pilgrims reach a small bridge under which flows Banganga, the legendary river associated with the miracles and legends of Mata Vaishno Devi. There is water in the river all through the year. Various physico-chemical and biological parameters were taken into consideration during the course of study, these includes colour, temperature, DO, BOD, COD, pH, total hardness, total suspended solids and  Total dissolved solids. Based on the results of this study it has concluded that slight increase of pollutants in downstream of the river was observed in comparison to the upstream, hence it is an alarming position of increasing pollution load in the river

Evaluation of alkali and thermotolerant lipase from an indigenous isolated Bacillus strain for detergent formulation

Background: Lipases are used in detergent industries to minimise the use of phosphate-based chemicals in detergent formulations. The use of lipase in household laundry reduces environmental pollution and enhances the ability of detergent to remove tough oil or grease stains. Results: A lipase-producing indigenous Bacillus subtilis strain [accession no. KT985358] was isolated from the foothills of Trikuta mountain in Jammu and Kashmir, India. The lipase (BSK-L) produced by this strain expressed alkali and thermotolerance. Lipase has an optimal activity at pH 8.0 and temperature 37\ub0C, whereas it is stable at pH 6.0\u20139.0 and showed active lipolytic activity at temperatures 30 to 60\ub0C. Furthermore, lipase activity was found to be stimulated in the presence of the metal ions Mn2+, K+, Zn2+, Fe2+ and Ca2+. This lipase was resistant to surfactants, oxidising agents and commercial detergents, suggesting it as a potential candidate for detergent formulation. BSK-L displayed noticeable capability to remove oil stains when used in different washing solutions containing buffer, lipase and commercial detergent. The maximum olive oil removal percentage obtained was 68% when the optimum detergent concentration (Fena) was 0.3%. The oil removal percentage from olive oil-soiled cotton fabric increased with 40 U/mL of lipase. Conclusions: This BSK-L enzyme has the potential for removing oil stains by developing a pre-soaked solution for detergent formulation and was compatible with surfactants, oxidising agents and commercial detergents

An Intergenic Region Shared by At4g35985 and At4g35987 in Arabidopsis Thaliana is a Tissue Specific and Stress Inducible Bidirectional Promoter Analyzed in Transgenic Arabidopsis and Tobacco Plants

On chromosome 4 in the Arabidopsis genome, two neighboring genes (calmodulin methyl transferase At4g35987 and senescence associated gene At4g35985) are located in a head-to-head divergent orientation sharing a putative bidirectional promoter. This 1258 bp intergenic region contains a number of environmental stress responsive and tissue specific cis-regulatory elements. Transcript analysis of At4g35985 and At4g35987 genes by quantitative real time PCR showed tissue specific and stress inducible expression profiles. We tested the bidirectional promoter-function of the intergenic region shared by the divergent genes At4g35985 and At4g35987 using two reporter genes (GFP and GUS) in both orientations in transient tobacco protoplast and Agro-infiltration assays, as well as in stably transformed transgenic Arabidopsis and tobacco plants. In transient assays with GFP and GUS reporter genes the At4g35985 promoter (P85) showed stronger expression (about 3.5 fold) compared to the At4g35987 promoter (P87). The tissue specific as well as stress responsive functional nature of the bidirectional promoter was evaluated in independent transgenic Arabidopsis and tobacco lines. Expression of P85 activity was detected in the midrib of leaves, leaf trichomes, apical meristemic regions, throughout the root, lateral roots and flowers. The expression of P87 was observed in leaf-tip, hydathodes, apical meristem, root tips, emerging lateral root tips, root stele region and in floral tissues. The bidirectional promoter in both orientations shows differential up-regulation (2.5 to 3 fold) under salt stress. Use of such regulatory elements of bidirectional promoters showing spatial and stress inducible promoter-functions in heterologous system might be an important tool for plant biotechnology and gene stacking applications