Spreading the Financial Binary Code: A Valuation Methodology of Financial Binary Bets

To many finance enthusiasts, the mention of binary betting bares no relation to the complex derivatives and corporate theories most commonly associated with financial study. However, the evolution of spread and binary betting has demanded respect within the financial industry, and over the past few years the number of account holders for these trading methods has grown exponentially. The unique characteristics of binary betting has enabled many traders and investors to apply their finance skills in order to achieve tax free profits. Such potential to make money has recently been made available to a wider range of investors with the introduction of sports and political binary betting. The scope of such an industry is both daunting and fascinating, and is predicted to grow even further in the foreseeable future. This dissertation explores and reviews the concept of binary spread betting, with emphasis upon financial binary bets, more precisely those related to the FTSE 100 index. Two different valuation methodologies are derived using a Monte Carlo simulation and a geometric Brownian motion analytical formulation, and then the results are compared to test the validity and accuracy of the procedures. Through the application of Visual Basic programming and stochastic calculus, the valuation procedures created will enable investors to value the binary bets they place. The theory has been tried and tested using real market data, and has proven to be successful in valuing a wide range of binary bets. One point to remember is that the simplicity of the financial binary bet concept may disguise the level of sophistication involved in the derivation and analysis of a valuation procedure. In conclusion, this dissertation has developed and evaluated a valuation methodology never before seen in past literature

Pyridine clubbed coumarin analogues: Their synthesis and biological studies as antimicrobials and antioxidants

1713-1720The major aim of this study is to develop the new class of coumarin candidate clubbed with dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile with an improved potency as an antimicrobial and antioxidant agent. The key intermediate 6-nitro-4-methyl coumarin-yl chloro acetate 5 have been linked to the 6-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-4-phenyl-1,2-dihydro pyridine-3-carbonitrile IIa-j derivative to afford 4-methyl-6-nitro-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl-2-(3-cyano-6-(4-fluoro phenyl)-4-(substituted-phenyl) pyridin-2-yl-oxy) acetates 7a-j via efficient organic transformations. All the new derivatives have been characterized by spectral studies (IR, 1H and 13C NMR and mass spectroscopy). In vitro antimicrobial activity have been carried out using the broth microdilution method and antioxidant potency using DPPH bioassays. Bioassay results reveal that compound 7e are equipotent against E. coli with MIC value 50 µg/ mL compared to standard drug ciprofoloxacin. A final analogue 7c with 4-chlorophenyl substituent indicated better antifungal potency against C. albicans with MIC value 100 µg/ mL compared to standard drug griseofulvin. In addition, newly synthesized analogues have been found to be significant scavengers of DPPH radical with IC50 values of 32.11 μg/mL. It has been observed that the potent antibacterial candidate has proved to possess significant antioxidant activity. The presence of chlorine and hydroxy group on phenyl ring plays an important role for the potency in above mentioned biological assay

Pyridine clubbed coumarin analogues: Their synthesis and biological studies as antimicrobials and antioxidants

The major aim of this study is to develop the new class of coumarin candidate clubbed with dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile with an improved potency as an antimicrobial and antioxidant agent. The key intermediate 6-nitro-4-methyl coumarin-yl chloro acetate 5 have been linked to the 6-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-oxo-4-phenyl-1,2-dihydro pyridine-3-carbonitrile IIa-j derivative to afford 4-methyl-6-nitro-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl-2-(3-cyano-6-(4-fluoro phenyl)-4-(substituted-phenyl) pyridin-2-yl-oxy) acetates 7a-j via efficient organic transformations. All the new derivatives have been characterized by spectral studies (IR, 1H and 13C NMR and mass spectroscopy). In vitro antimicrobial activity have been carried out using the broth microdilution method and antioxidant potency using DPPH bioassays. Bioassay results reveal that compound 7e are equipotent against E. coli with MIC value 50 µg/ mL compared to standard drug ciprofoloxacin. A final analogue 7c with 4-chlorophenyl substituent indicated better antifungal potency against C. albicans with MIC value 100 µg/ mL compared to standard drug griseofulvin. In addition, newly synthesized analogues have been found to be significant scavengers of DPPH radical with IC50 values of 32.11 μg/mL. It has been observed that the potent antibacterial candidate has proved to possess significant antioxidant activity. The presence of chlorine and hydroxy group on phenyl ring plays an important role for the potency in above mentioned biological assay

Inhibitory Neurotransmission Is Sex-Dependently Affected by Tat Expression in Transgenic Mice and Suppressed by the Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Enzyme Inhibitor PF3845 via Cannabinoid Type-1 Receptor Mechanisms

(1) Background. The endocannabinoid (eCB) system, which regulates physiological and cognitive processes, presents a promising therapeutic target for treating HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Here we examine whether upregulating eCB tone has potential protective effects against HIV-1 Tat (a key HIV transactivator of transcription) protein-induced alterations in synaptic activity. (2) Methods. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were performed to assess inhibitory GABAergic neurotransmission in prefrontal cortex slices of Tat transgenic male and female mice, in the presence and absence of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) enzyme inhibitor PF3845. Western blot and mass spectrometry analyses assessed alterations of cannabinoid receptor and enzyme protein expression as well as endogenous ligands, respectively, to determine the impact of Tat exposure on the eCB system. (3) Results. GABAergic activity was significantly altered upon Tat exposure based on sex, whereas the effectiveness of PF3845 to suppress GABAergic activity in Tat transgenic mice was not altered by Tat or sex and involved CB1R-related mechanisms that depended on calcium signaling. Additionally, our data indicated sex-dependent changes for AEA and related non-eCB lipids based on Tat induction. (4) Conclusion. Results highlight sex- and/or Tat-dependent alterations of GABAergic activity and eCB signaling in the prefrontal cortex of Tat transgenic mice and further increase our understanding about the role of FAAH inhibition in neuroHIV

Spreading the Financial Binary Code: A Valuation Methodology of Financial Binary Bets

To many finance enthusiasts, the mention of binary betting bares no relation to the complex derivatives and corporate theories most commonly associated with financial study. However, the evolution of spread and binary betting has demanded respect within the financial industry, and over the past few years the number of account holders for these trading methods has grown exponentially. The unique characteristics of binary betting has enabled many traders and investors to apply their finance skills in order to achieve tax free profits. Such potential to make money has recently been made available to a wider range of investors with the introduction of sports and political binary betting. The scope of such an industry is both daunting and fascinating, and is predicted to grow even further in the foreseeable future. This dissertation explores and reviews the concept of binary spread betting, with emphasis upon financial binary bets, more precisely those related to the FTSE 100 index. Two different valuation methodologies are derived using a Monte Carlo simulation and a geometric Brownian motion analytical formulation, and then the results are compared to test the validity and accuracy of the procedures. Through the application of Visual Basic programming and stochastic calculus, the valuation procedures created will enable investors to value the binary bets they place. The theory has been tried and tested using real market data, and has proven to be successful in valuing a wide range of binary bets. One point to remember is that the simplicity of the financial binary bet concept may disguise the level of sophistication involved in the derivation and analysis of a valuation procedure. In conclusion, this dissertation has developed and evaluated a valuation methodology never before seen in past literature

Access to the substituted benzyl-1,2,3-triazolyl hesperetin derivatives expressing antioxidant and anticancer effects

Azide–alkyne cycloaddition was attempted to generate a flavanone hesperetin based phenyl substituted 1,2,3-triazolyls as semi-synthetic natural product derivatives utilizing copper-catalyzed click chemistry. All final compounds were analyzed for their in vitro antioxidant abilities using DPPH and ABTS bioassay. Moreover, cancerous cell inhibitory prospect of titled compounds was screened against cervical cancer cell lines, HeLa and CaSki and an ovarian cancer cell line SK-OV-3 implementing SRB assay. Bearable toxicity of 6a-s was examined employing Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) non-cancer cell line. Overall, 6a-s indicated remarkable antioxidant power in scavenging DPPH·− and ABTS·−+; particularly, an analog 6o with meta-methoxy substituent showed most potent radical scavenging activity, whereas scaffolds 6d with para-fluoro, 6k with ortho-methyl, and 6o with meta-methoxy performed excellently in inhibiting both the cervical cancer cell lines and analog 6q with meta-trifluoromethyl substituent expressed excellent sensitivity toward ovarian cancer cell line. From the structure–activity point of view, nature and position of the electron withdrawing and electron donating functional groups on the phenyl ring attached to the triazole core may contribute to the anticipated antioxidant and anticancer action. Structure of final compounds was adequately confirmed exploring different spectroscopic techniques and elemental analysis in addition to the measurements of some physical properties

Synthesis of N-Mannich bases of berberine linking piperazine moieties revealing anticancer and antioxidant effects

A new Mannich base series of piperazine linked berberine analogues was furnished in this study to screen the antioxidant and anticancer potential of the resultant analogues. Alkoxy group at a C-9 position of berberine was converted to hydroxyl functionality to enhance the ability of final scaffolds binding to the target of drug action mainly through hydrophobic effect, conjugation effect, whereas Mannich base functionality was introduced on the C-12 position of berberine. Scaffolds were investigated for their free radical scavenging antioxidant potential in FRAP and DPPH assay, whereas tested to check their Fe+3 reducing power in ABTS assay. The radical scavenging potential of the final derivatives 4a–j was found excellent with IC50s, 30 of therapeutic indices, thus exerting low cytotoxic values against Malin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell lines at CC50s >125 μg/mL. Hence, from the bioassay outcomes it can be stated that these analogues are dual active agents as the scavengers of reactive oxygen species and inhibitors of the cancerous cells as compounds with halogen functional group have overall good pharmacological potential in assays studied in this research. Correct structure of the final compounds was adequately confirmed on the basis of FT-IR and 1H NMR as well as elemental analyses

Evaluation of the biological potencies of newly synthesized berberine derivatives bearing benzothiazole moieties with substituted functionalities

AbstractBenzothiazole moieties substituted with various functional groups were utilized to link with the isoquinoline alkaloid berberine through a pentyl side chain. Entitled analogs were screened for antioxidant potency using the DPPH and ABTS bioassays and for their in vitro anticancer activities against HeLa, CaSki (cervical cancer), and SK-OV-3 (ovarian cancer) cell lines using the SRB bioassay. The compounds were evaluated for their toxicity to the Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line. The final compounds demonstrated significant antioxidant potency with IC50 levels of 13.03–24.50μg/mL and 4.958–7.570μg/mL in the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging bioassays, respectively. The 5e analog with a methoxy functional group and the 5m analog with a cyano functional group had the most significant DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, respectively. Moreover, the 5m cyano-based analog had the highest potency against all cancer cell lines, with IC50 levels of 5.474, 5.311, and 32.61μg/mL against the HeLa, CaSki, and SK-OV-3 cell lines, respectively. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis

Characterization of Keratin Microparticles from Feather Biomass with Potent Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities

In the present study chicken feathers were hydrolyzed by chemical treatment in alkaline conditions. The pH value of feather hydrolyzed solution was amended accordingly the iso-electric precipitation. Two types of keratin microparticles KM1, KM2 were synthesized under acidic conditions at 3.5 and 5.5 pH respectively. The synthesized keratin microparticles possessed uniform and round surface by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal degradation of microparticles were examined by thermogravimetry (TGA). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed that the extracted keratin retained the most of protein backbone. The microparticles were screened for their in vitro anticancer activities by SRB bioassay towards HeLa, SK-OV-3 and A549 cancer cell lines. Futhermore, their cytotoxicity towards healthy cell lines was analyzed having Malin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell lines along with in vitro antioxidant activity using DPPH and ABTS methods KM1 and KM2 showed 200.31 ± 1.01 and 139.73 ± 0.94, 214.16 ± 0.29 and 153.92 ± 0.61, 328.92 ± 3.46 and 200.33 ± 2.48 μg/mL of IC50 levels against HeLa, SK-OV-3, and A549 cell lines, respectively. Moreover, KM1 and KM2 demonstrated significant antioxidant potency with IC50 levels 13.15 and 9.02 μg/mL as well as 8.96 and 5.60 μg/mL in DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging bioassay, respectively

Investigation of role of aspartame on apoptosis process in HeLa cells

Aspartame is an artificial sweetener used as an alternate for sugar in several foods and beverages. The study reports that consumption of aspartame containing product could lead to cancer. However, the effect of aspartame on apoptosis process in cancer is not yet understood clearly. HeLa cells were exposed to different concentrations (0.01–0.05 mg/ml) of aspartame for 48 h. Cytotoxicity of aspartame on cancer cells was determined by SRB assay. The result indicates no significant changes on cell viability. Aspartame suppresses apoptosis process in cancer cells by down-regulation of mRNA expression of tumor suppressor gene p53, and pro-apoptotic gene bax. It up-regulates anti-apoptotic gene bcl-2 mRNA expression. In addition, Ki 67 and PCNA mRNA, and protein expressions were determined. Taking all these together, we conclude that aspartame may be a potent substance to slow-down the apoptosis process in HeLa cells. Further works are ongoing to understand the biochemical and molecular mechanism of aspartame in cancer cells