The Impact of Weather Change on Honey Bee Populations and Disease

This review provides an overview of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) which is one of the most important pollinators for agriculture and ecosystems, considered a critical yet fragile contributor to world biodiversity and food security among the countless species facing unprecedented challenges due to uneven climate drivers. Scientists are concerned about the impact of climate change on honey bee habitats. This review study looks at the complicated relationship between climate change and honey bees’ health leading to their genetic and behavioural changes. Further, it also mentions how changes in temperature and weather patterns affect foraging, reproduction and colony survival. This study will focus on the different processes that highlight their susceptibility and emphasise the critical need for comprehensive approaches to mitigate the potential consequences through policy implementation. &nbsp

Some new results on functions in C(X) having their support on ideals of closed sets

For any ideal P of closed sets in X, let CP(X) be the family of those functions in C(X) whose support lie on P. Further let C P∞ (X) contain precisely those functions f in C(X) for which for each ϵ > 0, {x ∈ X : |f(x)| ≥ ϵ} is a member of P. Let υCPX stand for the set of all those points p in βX at which the stone extension f* for each f in CP(X) is real valued. We show that each realcompact space lying between X and βX is of the form υCPX if and only if X is pseudocompact. We find out conditions under which an arbitrary product of spaces of the form locally-P or almost locally-P, becomes a space of the same form. We further show that CP(X) is a free ideal (essential ideal) of C(X) if and only if C P∞ (X) is a free ideal (essential ideal) of C* (X) + C P∞ (X) when and only when X is locally-P (almost locally-P). We address the problem, when does CP(X) or C P∞ (X) become identical to the socle of the ring C(X). The results obtained turn out to imply a special version of the fact obtained by Azarpanah corresponding to the choice P ≡ the ideal of compact sets in X. Finally we observe that the ideals of the form CP(X) of C(X) are no other than the z◦ -ideals of C(X).Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): Primary 54C40; Secondary 46E25.Keywords: Compact support, pseudocompact space, intermediate ring, pseudocompact support, essential ideal, z◦-ideal, socle, C-type rin