Multiple ionization effects on L X-ray intensity ratios in Hf, Ta, Re, Ir, Pt, Au and Pb due to proton bombardment at energies 1–5 MeV

The L X-ray intensity ratios in the elements Hf, Ta, Re, Ir, Pt, Au and Pb due to proton bombardment at energies from 1 to 5 MeV are measured and compared with the ECPSSR theoretical intensity ratios. The L$_{\alpha}$/Ll intensity ratios obtained in the present work are in good agreement with theoretical values while the L$_{\beta }$/L$_{\gamma }$ and L$_{\alpha }$/L$_{\beta }$ intensity ratios are consistently lower than the theoretical values. This deviation may be explained in terms of multiple ionization effects in M, N and O shells