Entanglement transitions in random definite particle states

Entanglement within qubits are studied for the subspace of definite particle states or definite number of up spins. A transition from an algebraic decay of entanglement within two qubits with the total number $N$ of qubits, to an exponential one when the number of particles is increased from two to three is studied in detail. In particular the probability that the concurrence is non-zero is calculated using statistical methods and shown to agree with numerical simulations. Further entanglement within a block of $m$ qubits is studied using the log-negativity measure which indicates that a transition from algebraic to exponential decay occurs when the number of particles exceeds $m$. Several algebraic exponents for the decay of the log-negativity are analytically calculated. The transition is shown to be possibly connected with the changes in the density of states of the reduced density matrix, which has a divergence at the zero eigenvalue when the entanglement decays algebraically.Comment: Substantially added content (now 24 pages, 5 figures) with a discussion of the possible mechanism for the transition. One additional author in this version that is accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Evaluation of Diuretic Activity of Aqueous and Methanol Extracts of Lepidium sativum Garden Cress (Cruciferae) in Rats

Purpose: The present study was undertaken to investigate diuretic effect of aqueous and methanol extracts of the dried seeds of Lepidium sativum in normal rats.Method: Aqueous and methanol extracts of L. sativum seeds were administered to experimental rats orally at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg p.o. Hydrochlorothiazide (10 mg/kg) was used as positive control instudy. The diuretic effect of the extracts was evaluated by measuring urine volume, sodium and potassium content, conductivity and pH.Result: Urine volume was significantly increased by the two doses of aqueous and methanol extracts in comparison to control group. While the excretion of sodium was also increased by both extracts, potassium excretion was only increased by the aqueous extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg. There was no significant change in the conductivity and pH of urine after administration of the L. sativum extracts. The diuretic effect of the extracts was comparable to that of the reference standard (hydrochlorothiazide) and the methanol had the additional advantage of a potassium-conserving effect.Conclusion: We can conclude that aqueous and methanol extracts of L. sativum produced notable diuretic effect which appeared to be comparable to that produced by the reference diuretic HCTZ. The present study provides a quantitative basis for explaining the folkloric use of L. sativum as a diuretic agent in Moroccan population

Formulation and Evaluation of Solid Dispersions of Furosemide in Sodium Starch Glycolate

Purpose: This investigation was carried out to determine if a solid dispersion of furosemide in sodium starch glycolate (SSG) would enhance the dissolution properties of the drug. Methods: Solid dispersion of furosemide in SSG was prepared in ratios of 1:1 and 1 (furosemide):2 (SSG) by kneading method. In each case, the solid dispersion was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to ascertain if there were any physicochemical interactions between drug and carrier that could affect dissolution. Tablets containing the solid dispersion were formulated and their dissolution characteristics compared with commercial furosemide tablets. The dissolution studies were performed at 37 ± 0.5oC and 50 rpm in simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2). Results: FTIR spectroscopy, DSC, and XRD showed a change in crystal structure toward an amorphous form of furosemide. Dissolution data indicated that furosemide dissolution was enhanced. XRD, DSC, FTIR spectroscopy and dissolution studies indicated that the solid dispersion formulated in 1:2 ratio showed a 5.40-fold increase in dissolution and also exhibited superior dissolution characteristics to commercial furosemide tablets. Conclusion: Solid dispersion technique can be used to improve the dissolution of furosemide Keywords: Solid dispersion, Furosemide, Sodium starch glycolate, Dissolution enhancement, physicochemical characterisationTropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 8 (1) 2009: pp. 43-5

Review Paper - High Utility Item sets Mining on Incremental Transactions using UP-Growth and UP-Growth+ Algorithm

One of the important research area in data mining is high utility pattern mining. Discovering itemsets with high utility like profit from database is known as high utility itemset mining. There are number of existing algorithms have been work on this issue. Some of them incurs problem of generating large number of candidate itemsets. This leads to degrade the performance of mining in case of execution time and space. In this paper we have focus on UP-Growth and UP-Growth+ algorithm which overcomes this limitation. This technique uses tree based data structure, UP-Tree for generating candidate itemsets with two scan of database. In this paper we extend the functionality of these algorithms on incremental database.

Entanglement between two subsystems, the Wigner semicircle and extreme value statistics

The entanglement between two arbitrary subsystems of random pure states is studied via properties of the density matrix's partial transpose, $\rho_{12}^{T_2}$. The density of states of $\rho_{12}^{T_2}$ is close to the semicircle law when both subsystems have dimensions which are not too small and are of the same order. A simple random matrix model for the partial transpose is found to capture the entanglement properties well, including a transition across a critical dimension. Log-negativity is used to quantify entanglement between subsystems and analytic formulas for this are derived based on the simple model. The skewness of the eigenvalue density of $\rho_{12}^{T_2}$ is derived analytically, using the average of the third moment over the ensemble of random pure states. The third moment after partial transpose is also shown to be related to a generalization of the Kempe invariant. The smallest eigenvalue after partial transpose is found to follow the extreme value statistics of random matrices, namely the Tracy-Widom distribution. This distribution, with relevant parameters obtained from the model, is found to be useful in calculating the fraction of entangled states at critical dimensions. These results are tested in a quantum dynamical system of three coupled standard maps, where one finds that if the parameters represent a strongly chaotic system, the results are close to those of random states, although there are some systematic deviations at critical dimensions.Comment: Substantially improved version (now 43 pages, 10 figures) that is accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

A prospective study to compare the efficacy and safety of tioconazole and clotrimazole vaginal gel in patients suffering from vulvovaginal candidiasis

Background: Vulvo vaginal candidiasis is an extremely common gynaecological condition. While clotrimazole has been the mainstay of treatment of this pathology, newer medications are now available. The study aims to compare the efficacy, compliance and safety of tioconazole single dose intravaginal gel application and clotrimazole vaginal gel for 3 days in patients suffering from vulvovaginal candidiasis.Methods: A prospective, multicentric, open label, randomized, controlled, parallel group clinical trial of 220 women with 110 in each group for the evaluation of the effects of tioconazole vaginal gel in patients suffering from candidial vaginitis. Patients were divided into two groups; Group I received tioconazole vaginal gel as topical single dose therapy administered by the treating doctor and Group II received clotrimazole vaginal gel self-administered by the patient for three days. Response to therapy in both groups was studied and compared.Results: At the end of day 7, mean score of vaginal discharge quantity had a fall of 93.3% and 92.3% in tioconazole and clotrimazole group respectively but difference was statistically insignificant. Microbiological cure rate in both the groups was similar. Reduction of vaginal irritation, vaginal itching, vaginal burning, pain in the vulval area, pain during urination or during sexual intercourse, vaginal erythema, tenderness and swelling were also comparable in both the groups.Conclusions: Tioconazole gel single dose intravaginal application is as effective as clotrimazole gel three day intravaginal application. tioconazole is safe, well accepted and tolerated by the patients and will be useful in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis

Differential sensitivity of insecticides for targeting of multiple pests in grapes (Vitis vinifera)

Thrips, leafhoppers, flea beetle and caterpillars cause significant damage to grapes in two pruning-single cropping system of peninsular India and occur simultaneously. Against this pest complex,differential sensitivity of 12 insecticides was evaluated based on their bio-efficacy in laboratory and field. Thiamethoxam 25 WG, lambda cyhalothrin 5 CS, fipronil 80 WG, methomyl 40 SP and spinosad 45 SC recorded 96.45-100 and 89.34-92.98 per cent mortality of Scelodonta strigicollis adults in laboratory and field, respectively. Against Spodoptera litura 2nd instar larvae,emamectin benzoate 5 SG, fipronil 80 WG and cyantraniliprole 10 OD were able to provide mortality ranging from 79.6-99.0 and 73.65-84.8 percent in laboratory and field, respectively. Spinosad 45 SC, emamectin benzoate 5 SG, fipronil 80 WG and cyantraniliprole 10 OD provided Scirtothrips dorsalis mortality from 85.09-98.02 in laboratory and 65.36-91.5 per cent population reduction over control in field. Thiamethoxam 25 WG, clothianidin 50 WDG and fipronil 80 WG recorded Amrasca biguttula biguttula mortality from 93.06-100 per cent in laboratory and 80-91.3 per cent population reduction over control in field. The insecticides were classified into four categories, viz. not effective, slightly effective, moderately effective and highly effective; on the basis of their bio-efficacy to various insects. This will help the farmers in selection of right insecticide when multiple pests are present in the vineyard than their conventional practice of tank-mixing separate insecticides for different pests, thus, helping in reducing pesticide load in the environment as well as reduction in cost of cultivation

Lung cancer cytology: potential pitfalls- a review

Lung Cancer, a cancer that forms in tissues of the lung, usually in the cells lining air passages, has traditionally been classified into two major types: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). About 85 percent of all lung cancers are identified as non-small cell, and approximately 75 percent of these are metastatic or advanced at diagnosis. Recent findings have changed our understanding of the disease, and today distinct molecular subsets of lung cancer have been identified that can be classified by a biomarker profile of a patient’s tumor. In spite of advances in early diagnosis and standard treatment, non-small cell lung cancer is regularly analysed at advanced stages and has a poor prognosis. The treatment and prevention of lung cancer are major needs that can most likely be enhanced by a better understanding of the molecular process in cancer and development of cancer. However, significant progress is underway in both the prevention and treatment of lung cancer. Lung cancer therapy has now emerged as a “role model” for precision cancer medicine. Cytology is increasingly being used in the evaluation of lung lesions. There are several potential pitfalls encountered in the evaluation of respiratory cytology specimens, making interpretation of respiratory cytology challenging. Keywords: Lung Cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, Cytology, potential pitfalls

Genetic control of root architectural plasticity in maize

© 2020 The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology. Root phenotypes regulate soil resource acquisition; however, their genetic control and phenotypic plasticity are poorly understood. We hypothesized that the responses of root architectural phenes to water deficit (stress plasticity) and different environments (environmental plasticity) are under genetic control and that these loci are distinct. Root architectural phenes were phenotyped in the field using a large maize association panel with and without water deficit stress for three seasons in Arizona and without water deficit stress for four seasons in South Africa. All root phenes were plastic and varied in their plastic response. We identified candidate genes associated with stress and environmental plasticity and candidate genes associated with phenes in well-watered conditions in South Africa and in well-watered and water-stress conditions in Arizona. Few candidate genes for plasticity overlapped with those for phenes expressed under each condition. Our results suggest that phenotypic plasticity is highly quantitative, and plasticity loci are distinct from loci that control phene expression in stress and non-stress, which poses a challenge for breeding programs. To make these loci more accessible to the wider research community, we developed a public online resource that will allow for further experimental validation towards understanding the genetic control underlying phenotypic plasticity

Measurements of π±\pi^\pm, K±^\pm, p and pˉ\bar{\textrm{p}} spectra in proton-proton interactions at 20, 31, 40, 80 and 158 GeV/c with the NA61/SHINE spectrometer at the CERN SPS

Measurements of inclusive spectra and mean multiplicities of $\pi^\pm$, K$^\pm$, p and $\bar{\textrm{p}}$ produced in inelastic p+p interactions at incident projectile momenta of 20, 31, 40, 80 and 158 GeV/c ($\sqrt{s} =$ 6.3, 7.7, 8.8, 12.3 and 17.3 GeV, respectively) were performed at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron using the large acceptance NA61/SHINE hadron spectrometer. Spectra are presented as function of rapidity and transverse momentum and are compared to predictions of current models. The measurements serve as the baseline in the NA61/SHINE study of the properties of the onset of deconfinement and search for the critical point of strongly interacting matter