Performance of agriculture insurance schemes in India

Risk and Uncertainty,

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Heracleum nepalense D Don root

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of the methanol extract of Heracleum nepalense D.Don roots. Method: The antimicrobial effect was determined by agar dilution and disc diffusion method. The free radical scavenging potential was studied by using different antioxidants models of screening using vitamin E (5mM) as standard. Results: The crude methanol extract of H.nepalense root was found to be active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. The ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the extract showed similar activity against these organisms. Similarly, the methanol extract at 1000 mg. ml-1 and the ethyl acetate fraction at 50 mg. ml-1 exhibited significant antioxidant activity in ferrous sulphate induced lipid peroxidation, 1,1- diphenyl- 2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), Hydroxyl radical and Superoxide scavenging models. Conclusions: The study confirms the possible antioxidant and antimicrobial potentiality of the plant extract. Presence of flavonoid alone or in combination with its other components could be responsible for the activity. Keywords: Heracleum nepalense, Lipid peroxidation, Superoxide scavenging, DPPH assay, Antimicrobial effect, Flavonoid> Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 4 (1) 2005: pp. 341-34

Moisture dependent physical properties of maize (PMH-1)

Physical properties of maize were evaluated as a function of moisture content. The obtained data provide help in the designing of post-harvest handling machinery. In the moisture range of 10–18% wet basis (w.b.), the length of the rewetted grain increased from 10.01 to 10.65 mm, width increased from 8.57 to 8.70 mm, thickness ranged from 4.63 to 4.97 mm, geometric mean diameter (GMD) increased from 7.34 to 7.67 mm, sphericity increased from 0.72 to 0.73, thousand kernel weight (TKW) increased from 258.1 to 287.9 g, bulk density decreased from 591.6 to 554.2 kg m−3, true density increased from 1194.9 to 1267.2 kg m−3, porosity increased from 52.61 to 56.27%, hardness decreased from 293.75 to 228.04 N, initial cracking force decreased from 190.11 to 137.35 N and area ranges from 55.09 to 36.58 Nmm. In the same moisture range the angle of repose varied from 23.36 to 28.55 for grain. Lightness (L) of grain ranges from 62.82 to 59.26, a value (red-green axis) ranges from 13.97 to 8.96, b value (yellow-blue axis) ranges from 31.05 to 26.19 and hue angle (z%) decreased from 14.59 to 14.06 with increase in moisture content of grain from 10 to 18% w.b

Systemic Therapy in Endometrial Cancer: Recent Advances.

Endometrial cancer is a chemosensitive disease. Studies have established a clear benefit of chemotherapy in advanced stages and trials are ongoing to define its role in early stages as well. As more molecular pathways are being elucidated there is increasing role for targeted agents and future looks quite promising. We did an extensive search both online and offline for all the relevant articles including chemotherapy and targeted therapy for endometrial cancer

Application of DIC in Solid Mechanics

During service life, composite structures are susceptible to damage which reduces their structural integrity. For improved service life, the damage needs to be repaired. In case of low velocity impact damage adhesively bonded patch repair has shown to be cost effective and most efficient in extending service life of damaged parts. The repair performance is mainly influenced by patch stacking sequence, patch shape, patch thickness, overlap length and adhesive strength. In the first phase of work, a 3D finite element based study is carried out using mechanics based approach to optimize the patch dimensions and stacking sequence so that the performance of repaired structure can be improved. Also, a genetic algorithm based approach in-conjunction with finite element analysis is implemented for arriving at an optimized patch and adhesive dimensions. Experimental study is then carried out with optimized geometry using non-contact optical based technique namely digital image correlation (DIC). The mechanics of double and single sided repair are discussed in detail and strain field from DIC have been compared with finite element (FE) estimates

Intrusion Detection and Anomaly Detection System Using Sequential Pattern Mining

Nowadays the security methods from password protected access up to firewalls which are used to secure the data as well as the networks from attackers. Several times these type of security methods are not enough to protect data. We can consider the use of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) is the one way to secure the data on critical systems. Most of the research work is going on the effectiveness and exactness of the intrusion detection, but these attempts are for the detection of the intrusions at the operating system and network level only. It is unable to detect the unexpected behavior of systems due to Malicious transactions in databases. The method used for spotting any interferes on the information in the form of database known as database intrusion detection. It relies on enlisting the execution of a transaction. After that, if the recognized pattern is aside from those regular patterns actual is considered as an intrusion. But the identified problem with this process is that the accuracy algorithm which is used may not identify entire patterns. This type of challenges can affect in two ways. 1) Missing of the database with regular patterns. 2) The detection process neglects some new patterns. Therefore we proposed sequential data mining method by using new Modified Apriori Algorithm. The algorithm upturns the accurateness and rate of pattern detection by the process. The Apriori algorithm with modifications is used in the proposed model

Formulation and Evaluation of Solid Dispersions of Furosemide in Sodium Starch Glycolate

Purpose: This investigation was carried out to determine if a solid dispersion of furosemide in sodium starch glycolate (SSG) would enhance the dissolution properties of the drug. Methods: Solid dispersion of furosemide in SSG was prepared in ratios of 1:1 and 1 (furosemide):2 (SSG) by kneading method. In each case, the solid dispersion was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to ascertain if there were any physicochemical interactions between drug and carrier that could affect dissolution. Tablets containing the solid dispersion were formulated and their dissolution characteristics compared with commercial furosemide tablets. The dissolution studies were performed at 37 ± 0.5oC and 50 rpm in simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2). Results: FTIR spectroscopy, DSC, and XRD showed a change in crystal structure toward an amorphous form of furosemide. Dissolution data indicated that furosemide dissolution was enhanced. XRD, DSC, FTIR spectroscopy and dissolution studies indicated that the solid dispersion formulated in 1:2 ratio showed a 5.40-fold increase in dissolution and also exhibited superior dissolution characteristics to commercial furosemide tablets. Conclusion: Solid dispersion technique can be used to improve the dissolution of furosemide Keywords: Solid dispersion, Furosemide, Sodium starch glycolate, Dissolution enhancement, physicochemical characterisationTropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 8 (1) 2009: pp. 43-5

FORMULATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF FENOFIBRATE LOADED LIPOSPHERE SYSTEM

Lipospheres offers a new approach to improve the solubility of poorly soluble drug. Fenofibrate is a third-generation fibric acid derivative belonging to BCS class-II, employed clinically as a hypolipidemic agent to lessen the risk caused by atherosclerosis. An attempt was made to improve aqueous solubility of FNO by aid of stearic acid and Paraffin oil.  The liposphere of FNO was prepared by melt dispersion technique using ultra turrax with %yield of 38% to 46% followed by their evaluation for saturation solubility, IR spectra, DSC, in-vitro study. Saturation solubility of FNO (92µg/ml) had improved to 184.31µg/ml with physical mixture of stearic and paraffin oil. Therefore, lipospheres of FNO were prepared using melt dispersion technique. The factorial batches were formulated using 32 factorial design with variables X1- concentration of stearic acid and X2- concentration of paraffin oil and responses Y1 - % Drug Entrapment (%DE) and Y2 - % Drug Release (% DR). The optimized batch was formulated and evaluated for Saturation Solublity, % DR, Invivo Study Thus from the present study it can be concluded that solubility of BCS class-II drugs can be improved by liposphere system. aid } �tapf�pÍ©and Paraffin oil.  The liposphere of FNO was prepared by melt dispersion technique using ultra turrax with %yield of 38% to 46% followed by their evaluation for saturation solubility, IR spectra, DSC, in-vitro study. Saturation solubility of FNO (92µg/ml) had improved to 184.31µg/ml with physical mixture of stearic and paraffin oil. Therefore, lipospheres of FNO were prepared using melt dispersion technique. The factorial batches were formulated using 32 factorial design with variables X1- concentration of stearic acid and X2- concentration of paraffin oil and responses Y1 - % Drug Entrapment (%DE) and Y2 - % Drug Release (% DR). The optimized batch was formulated and evaluated for Saturation Solublity, % DR, Invivo Study Thus from the present study it can be concluded that solubility of BCS class-II drugs can be improved by liposphere system.Keyword: Fenofibrate, Melt dispersion Technique, Liposphere.Â