Management of Hypertension in Patients during Percutaneous Dialysis Access Interventions

Not infrequently, interventionalists are faced with a patient with increased blood pressure who is about to undergo a dialysis access intervention such as tunneled hemodialysis catheter, percutaneous balloon angioplasty, or declotting procedure for a clotted arteriovenous access. This can frequently create a dilemma as functional dialysis access is needed to provide dialysis therapy and delaying treatment could result in a life-threatening situation, particularly in the presence of hyperkalemia. This article investigates hypertension in patients undergoing percutaneous dialysis access interventions and provides guidance to their management

Prevalence of chronic kidney disease among patients undergoing transradial percutaneous coronary interventions

While transradial approach to conduct percutaneous coronary interventions offers multiple advantages, the procedure can cause radial artery damage and occlusion. Because radial artery is the preferred site for the creation of an arteriovenous fistula to provide dialysis, patients with chronic kidney disease are particularly dependent on radial artery for their long-term survival. In this retrospective study, we investigated the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in patients undergoing coronary interventions via radial artery. Stage of chronic kidney disease was based on estimated glomerular filtration rate and National Kidney Foundation - Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative guidelines. A total of 497 patients undergoing transradial percutaneous coronary interventions were included. Over 70.4% (350/497) of the patients had chronic kidney disease. Stage II chronic kidney disease was observed in 243 (69%) patients (estimated glomerular filtration rate = 76.0 ± 8.4 mL/min). Stage III was observed in 93 (27%) patients (estimated glomerular filtration rate = 49 ± 7.5 mL/min). Stage IV chronic kidney disease was observed in 5 (1%) patients (estimated glomerular filtration rate = 25.6 ± 4.3 mL/min) and Stage V chronic kidney disease was observed in 9 (3%) patients (estimated glomerular filtration rate = 9.3 ± 3.5 mL/min). Overall, 107 of 350 patients (30%) had advanced chronic kidney disease, that is, stage III-V chronic kidney disease. Importantly, 14 of the 107 (13%) patients had either stage IV or V chronic kidney disease. This study finds that nearly one-third of the patients undergoing transradial percutaneous coronary interventions have advanced chronic kidney disease. Because many of these patients may require dialysis, the use of radial artery to conduct percutaneous coronary interventions must be carefully considered in chronic kidney disease population

Heterogeneity in Intratumoral Regions with Rapid Gadolinium Washout Correlates with Estrogen Receptor Status and Nodal Metastasis

Purpose: To evaluate heterogeneity within tumor subregions or “habitats” via textural kinetic analysis on breast dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) for the classification of two clinical prognostic features; 1) estrogen receptor (ER)-positive from ER-negative tumors, and 2) tumors with four or more viable lymph node metastases after neoadjuvant chemotherapy from tumors without nodal metastases. Materials and Methods: Two separate volumetric DCE-MRI datasets were obtained at 1.5T, comprised of bilateral axial dynamic 3D T1-weighted fat suppressed gradient recalled echo-pulse sequences obtained before and after gadolinium-based contrast administration. Representative image slices of breast tumors from 38 and 34 patients were used for ER status and lymph node classification, respectively. Four tumor habitats were defined based on their kinetic contrast enhancement characteristics. The heterogeneity within each habitat was quantified using textural kinetic features, which were evaluated using two feature selectors and three classifiers. Results: Textural kinetic features from the habitat with rapid delayed washout yielded classification accuracies of 84.44% (area under the curve [AUC] 0.83) for ER and 88.89% (AUC 0.88) for lymph node status. The texture feature, information measure of correlation, most often chosen in cross-validations, measures heterogeneity and provides accuracy approximately the same as with the best feature set. Conclusion: Heterogeneity within habitats with rapid washout is highly predictive of molecular tumor characteristics and clinical behavior. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:1421–1430