Development and Validation of Method for the Estimation of Telmisartan as Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient in Tablet Dosage form and Prepared Spherical Agglomerates by RP-HPLC

The Present work was designed to develop and validate an accurate, precise and rapid method for the estimation of Telmisartan as Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) as well as in tablet dosage form and prepared spherical agglomerates by RP-HPLC. The developed method was found to be simple, accurate, precise and sensitive. The separation was achieved on an Isocratic High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) (Thermo Scientific) using pumps Jasco PU 2080 Plus, UV detector, column oven (Jasco), and a Reverse Phase C-18 (phenyl) Column (25 cm x 4.6 mm) i.d., particle size 5 μm. The HPLC system was run with flow rate: 0.8 ml/min Injection Volume: 10μl and run time: 10 min, Detector temp: 40 oC. The method was validated for specificity, precision, linearity, and accuracy, robustness, LOD and LOQ parameters. The recovery range was within the range of 99.0–102.0% and the method could be successfully applied for the routine analysis of the drug substance as well as the spherical agglomerates prepared by crystallo coagglomeration technique

Evaluation of the protective effect of Prunus amagdylus against aluminium chloride induced neurochemical alterations and spatial memory deficits in rats

Background: The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of Prunus amagdylus nut kernels against aluminium chloride induced spatial memory deficits in rats.Methods: Plant material was extracted, and extracts were evaluated for anti-oxidants by DPPH method. Animals were divided into four groups of five animals each. Group 1 was normal group and was kept undisturbed. Group 2 was administered with Aluminium Chloride (4.2mg/kg i.p) for 21 successive days. Group 3 and 4 were pre-administered with Prunus amygdalus methanolic extract at dose 0.5 and 1mg/kg/ p.o) one hour prior to aluminium chloride administration. The memory parameters (both acquisition and retrieval) were evaluated using Morris water maze. After behavioural studies, the animals were sacrificed by decapitation and braintissue thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione (GSH) and catalase activity were measured. Brain tissues from all the groups were histopathologically evaluated using Haematoxylin-eosin staining.Results: Administration of Aluminium chloride resulted in severe memory deficits and neurochemical alterations as was indicated by significant increase in Transfer Latency (TL) time on Morris water maze and increase in the brain tissue TBARS levels in the control group animals. There was significant reduction in the GSH and catalase levels indicating decreased anti-oxidant defence. Histopathologically, control group animal brain tissue showed signs of neuroinflammation. All behavioural and neurochemical and histopathological changes were prevented to a significant extent in the animal groups pre-treated with Prunus amygdalus extract.Conclusions: Methanolic extract of Prunus amaygdalus possesses protective activity against aluminium chloride induced neurotoxicity and associated memory deficits

Evaluation of contact spermicidal potential of Lantana camara leaf extracts on human spermatozooa

Background: The Present study was designed to evaluate the spermicidal potential of various Lantana camara leaf extracts on healthy human spermatozoa.Methods: Four different extracts viz. Petroleum ether, Chloroform, Methanol and Water were prepared and diluted to various concentrations. These were then treated with suitably diluted human semen samples. Various parameters like sperm motility, sperm viability, sperm count, hypoosmotic swelling, acrosomal status and function were noted.Results: The results showed that methanolic and aqueous extracts possessed maximum spermicidal potential in terms of above mentioned sperm health and function parameters. Therefore, methanolic and aqueous extracts were further studied for In-vitro evaluation of pro-oxidant activity by detection of ROS generation using fluorescent probe detection method.Conclusions: The results revealed that both methanolic and aqueous extracts of Lantana camara possessed pro-oxidant potential which could be attributed for its observed contact spermicidal activity

Beneficial effects of Morus alba and Azadirachta indica leaf extract based combination cream in scalding type burn injury in rats

Background: The present study was designed to evaluate the potential of a combination cream of aqueous extracts of leaves of Morus alba (MA) and Azadirachta indica (AI) in scalding type burn wound injury in rats.Methods: Plant material was successively extracted and aqueous extracts were selected. Three extract based cream formulations viz. 20% w/w(MA), 20% w/w (AI), and combination cream containing 10%+10% w/w (MA+AI) were prepared. Cream base and standard anti-burn cream containing silver sulfadiazine were also used for comparison. Scalding type burn was given by pouring water at 90°C on a shaved dorsal area of 20 mm2. Deep second-degree burn injury was produced which was evaluated for next 21 days for a percentage of wound contraction and period of epithelialization. On 21st day, animals were sacrificed and histopathological slides were prepared using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Burned tissue was also screened for levels of oxidative stress using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and glutathione (GSH) estimation.Results: There was a significant increase in the percentage of wound contraction and significant decrease in period of epithelialization in MA, AI, and MA+AI combination cream treated group as compared with control group. However, most significant results were obtained with MA+AI combination cream. Histologically, MA+AI cream treatment resulted in almost complete re-epithelialization and restructuring of the wound tissue. There was a significant rise in TBARS and decrease in GSH levels in burn injury group which was reversed to a major extent by the application of combination cream.Conclusions: The results indicate toward the possible role of free radical scavenging potential of extracts in the Burn wound tissue healing

ENHANCING CONCRETE MANUFACTURING: LEVERAGING A HYBRID SWARM-INTELLIGENT GRAVITATIONAL SEARCH OPTIMIZED RANDOM FOREST MODEL INCORPORATING WASTE GLASS FOR IMPROVED STRENGTH ASSESSMENT

Concrete is a fundamental construction material, widely used due to its durability and versatility. However, enhancing its mechanical properties, such as strength, while simultaneously addressing sustainability concerns remains a significant challenge. This study presents a novel approach to optimize concrete mix designs by incorporating waste glass particles, using a Hybrid Swarm-Intelligent Gravitational Search Optimized Random Forest (SIGSORF) model. The primary objective is to improve the strength assessment of concrete while reducing environmental impact through waste glass utilization. The first step in the study is to examine the physical and chemical characteristics of waste glass to see if it may somewhat substitute traditional pebbles in the manufacturing of mortar. Then clean the data and preprocess for use in training and validating the SIGSORF model. The SIGSORF model is designed to intelligently select proportions of waste glass and other concrete components to maximize compressive strength and flexural strength while minimizing environmental impact. The experimental results are then compared with predictions made by the SIGSORF model, demonstrating its effectiveness in optimizing concrete mix designs for improved strength. Ultimately, this study promotes the utilization of waste materials in construction, fostering a more environmentally responsible and economically viable concrete production approach

Exploring Barriers to Medication Adherence Using COM-B Model of Behaviour Among Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Qualitative Study.

INTRODUCTION: In 2016, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) led to 17.9 million deaths worldwide, representing 31% of all global deaths. CVDs are the leading cause of mortality worldwide and significant barriers to achieving the sustainable development goals. Modern medicines have been significant in improving health outcomes. However, non-adherence to medication is one of the reasons behind adverse health-related outcomes among patients suffering from atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in low- and middle-income countries. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This qualitative study was conducted at two tertiary care hospitals in India and Ghana. A total of 35 in-depth interviews were conducted with atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) patients. The data were analysed thematically using the Capability Opportunity and Motivation (COM-B) framework. FINDINGS: The findings were summarised under three important broad themes of the COM-B framework: capability, opportunity and behaviour. Under capability, comprehension of disease, medication schedule, and unplanned travel affected adherence among patients. Cost of medication, insurance and access were the critical factors under opportunity, which negatively influenced medication adherence. Mood, beliefs about treatment and outcome expectations under motivation led to non-adherence among patients. Apart from these factors, some important health system factors such as health care experience and trust in the facilities and reliance on alternative medication also affected adherence in both countries. CONCLUSION: This study has highlighted that the health system factors have dominantly influenced adherence to medication in India and Ghana. In India, we found participants to be satisfied with their health care provided at the government hospitals. However, limited time for consultation, lack of well-stocked pharmacy and unclear prescription negatively influenced adherence among participants in India and Ghana. The study emphasises that the health system needs to be strengthened, and the patients' belief system needs to be explored to address the issue of medication adherence in LMICs

Evaluation of contact spermicidal potential of Lantana camara leaf extracts on human spermatozooa

Background: The Present study was designed to evaluate the spermicidal potential of various Lantana camara leaf extracts on healthy human spermatozoa.Methods: Four different extracts viz. Petroleum ether, Chloroform, Methanol and Water were prepared and diluted to various concentrations. These were then treated with suitably diluted human semen samples. Various parameters like sperm motility, sperm viability, sperm count, hypoosmotic swelling, acrosomal status and function were noted.Results: The results showed that methanolic and aqueous extracts possessed maximum spermicidal potential in terms of above mentioned sperm health and function parameters. Therefore, methanolic and aqueous extracts were further studied for In-vitro evaluation of pro-oxidant activity by detection of ROS generation using fluorescent probe detection method.Conclusions: The results revealed that both methanolic and aqueous extracts of Lantana camara possessed pro-oxidant potential which could be attributed for its observed contact spermicidal activity

COVID-19 infected ST-Elevation myocardial infarction in India (COSTA INDIA)

Objective: To find out differences in the presentation, management and outcomes of COVID-19 infected STEMI patients compared to age and sex-matched non-infected STEMI patients treated during the same period. Methods: This was a retrospective multicentre observational registry in which we collected data of COVID-19 positive STEMI patients from selected tertiary care hospitals across India. For every COVID-19 positive STEMI patient, two age and sex-matched COVID-19 negative STEMI patients were enrolled as control. The primary endpoint was a composite of in-hospital mortality, re-infarction, heart failure, and stroke. Results: 410 COVID-19 positive STEMI cases were compared with 799 COVID-19 negative STEMI cases. The composite of death/reinfarction/stroke/heart failure was significantly higher among the COVID-19 positive STEMI patients compared with COVID-19 negative STEMI cases (27.1% vs 20.7% p value = 0.01); though mortality rate did not differ significantly (8.0% vs 5.8% p value = 0.13). Significantly lower proportion of COVID-19 positive STEMI patients received reperfusion treatment and primary PCI (60.7% vs 71.1% p value=< 0.001 and 15.4% vs 23.4% p value = 0.001 respectively). Rate of systematic early PCI (pharmaco-invasive treatment) was significantly lower in the COVID-19 positive group compared with COVID-19 negative group. There was no difference in the prevalence of high thrombus burden (14.5% and 12.0% p value = 0.55 among COVID-19 positive and negative patients respectively) Conclusions: In this large registry of STEMI patients, we did not find significant excess in in-hospital mortality among COVID-19 co-infected patients compared with non-infected patients despite lower rate of primary PCI and reperfusion treatment, though composite of in-hospital mortality, re-infarction, stroke and heart failure was higher